Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000253
Oralia Loza, Priscilla Guevara, Amir Hernandez
Introduction: Methamphetamine (meth) is a stimulant increasing in use and its prevalence has not yet been determined on the Mexico-U.S. border. Few studies highlight gender differences in meth use, trajectory, and initiation by gender. Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, across the border from El Paso, Texas, has an established stimulant using population and lies on drug trafficking route. This study assessed gender differences in drug and meth use patterns among people meth people use meth.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 people with recent meth use, age 21 years or older, and living in Ciudad Juárez. Measures collected included sociodemographic characteristics, cross-border mobility, drug and meth use characteristics. Statistically (p-value<0.05) and marginally (p-value<0.10) significant gender differences were determined using appropriate bivariate tests.
Results: The sample included 45 cisgender women, five transgender women, and 100 cisgender men with a mean age of 30.9 years. Men had significantly higher rates of snorting meth by nose in powder or rock forms while trans/women more frequently using meth in pill form. Men had higher rates of crossing the border for work, with meth and to obtain meth. Trans/women reported higher rates of acquiring meth from main sexual partner and initiating meth use in Mexico.
Discussion: There are gender differences in patterns of meth use and initiation.
Conclusions: Sample of people who use meth in general population can be achieved. These findings point to a need for evidence-based meth use reduction treatment programs that are culturally appropriate and tailored for gender.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Methamphetamine Use Initiation and Trajectory of Use Among People Who Use Methamphetamine in a Mexico-U.S. Border City.","authors":"Oralia Loza, Priscilla Guevara, Amir Hernandez","doi":"10.1097/adt.0000000000000253","DOIUrl":"10.1097/adt.0000000000000253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methamphetamine (meth) is a stimulant increasing in use and its prevalence has not yet been determined on the Mexico-U.S. border. Few studies highlight gender differences in meth use, trajectory, and initiation by gender. Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, across the border from El Paso, Texas, has an established stimulant using population and lies on drug trafficking route. This study assessed gender differences in drug and meth use patterns among people meth people use meth.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 150 people with recent meth use, age 21 years or older, and living in Ciudad Juárez. Measures collected included sociodemographic characteristics, cross-border mobility, drug and meth use characteristics. Statistically (p-value<0.05) and marginally (p-value<0.10) significant gender differences were determined using appropriate bivariate tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 45 cisgender women, five transgender women, and 100 cisgender men with a mean age of 30.9 years. Men had significantly higher rates of snorting meth by nose in powder or rock forms while trans/women more frequently using meth in pill form. Men had higher rates of crossing the border for work, with meth and to obtain meth. Trans/women reported higher rates of acquiring meth from main sexual partner and initiating meth use in Mexico.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There are gender differences in patterns of meth use and initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sample of people who use meth in general population can be achieved. These findings point to a need for evidence-based meth use reduction treatment programs that are culturally appropriate and tailored for gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8735767/pdf/nihms-1669630.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39913170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000297
In article by Naeim et al in the June issue of Addictive Disorders Their Treatment, the Results section was written incorrectly. The research findings section, central indices, and dispersion indices, such as mean and standard deviation were used. For inferential analysis, analysis of covariance and significance level of 0.05 were used. To observe the assumptions of the analysis of covariance, the results of Levene’s and Box’s M tests were examined. The mentioned analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 22. To correct this data, the Results section is republished via this erratum.
{"title":"Determining the Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Anxiety in Methadone Consumers: A Randomized Controlled: Erratum","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000297","url":null,"abstract":"In article by Naeim et al in the June issue of Addictive Disorders Their Treatment, the Results section was written incorrectly. The research findings section, central indices, and dispersion indices, such as mean and standard deviation were used. For inferential analysis, analysis of covariance and significance level of 0.05 were used. To observe the assumptions of the analysis of covariance, the results of Levene’s and Box’s M tests were examined. The mentioned analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 22. To correct this data, the Results section is republished via this erratum.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000298
Hanieh Jormand, S. Bashirian, M. Barati, M. Babamiri, F. Rezapur-Shahkolai
Objective: Substance Abuse Media Literacy (SAML) is a scale for assessing substance abuse media literacy among students. This tool can examine the effect of media exposure on substance abuse in youth. Presently, no validated, comprehensive instrument exists to measure media literacy for substance abuse. The current study aimed at assessing the psychometric features of the SAML scale in students. Methods: In this cross-sectional validation work, 436 students from Hamadan, Iran, were sampled via the stratified random sampling procedure, and their media literacy regarding substance abuse was investigated. Reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the construct validity. Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were used to examine the content validity. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the SAML included 13 items that measure 4 components, explaining 63.99% of the usual variance. The means scores for the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively. Further analyses revealed the acceptability of the results for internal consistency reliability values with a Cronbach α of 0.80. Conclusion: Based on factor analysis results, the SAML included 13 items is a valid and reliable tool and is now suitable and acceptable for present and future studies.
{"title":"The Development of a Measuring Instrument for Substance Abuse Media Literacy Scale in Students","authors":"Hanieh Jormand, S. Bashirian, M. Barati, M. Babamiri, F. Rezapur-Shahkolai","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Substance Abuse Media Literacy (SAML) is a scale for assessing substance abuse media literacy among students. This tool can examine the effect of media exposure on substance abuse in youth. Presently, no validated, comprehensive instrument exists to measure media literacy for substance abuse. The current study aimed at assessing the psychometric features of the SAML scale in students. Methods: In this cross-sectional validation work, 436 students from Hamadan, Iran, were sampled via the stratified random sampling procedure, and their media literacy regarding substance abuse was investigated. Reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the construct validity. Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were used to examine the content validity. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the SAML included 13 items that measure 4 components, explaining 63.99% of the usual variance. The means scores for the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively. Further analyses revealed the acceptability of the results for internal consistency reliability values with a Cronbach α of 0.80. Conclusion: Based on factor analysis results, the SAML included 13 items is a valid and reliable tool and is now suitable and acceptable for present and future studies.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45882983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000289
D. Situmorang, Caroline Lisa Setia Wati, H. Mamahit, Yohanes Markus Papu, I. Ifdil
{"title":"Updating the Public Health and Mental Health Education Curriculum About Addictions During the COVID-19 Outbreak","authors":"D. Situmorang, Caroline Lisa Setia Wati, H. Mamahit, Yohanes Markus Papu, I. Ifdil","doi":"10.1097/adt.0000000000000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000296
M. Rad, Z. Seifi
Introduction: The aim of this study was the effectiveness of positive psychology skills training on increasing the life expectancy of addicts referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran. Methods: The research method was quasiexperimental with pretest, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. In this study, 60 addicts were selected who were randomly assigned to experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Group therapy sessions consisted of 10 sessions, twice a week for 90 minutes each time. The research tool was Snyder Hope Questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of hope in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). The results showed that teaching positive psychology skills as a group can significantly increase hope in addicts. Conclusions: Therefore, positive psychology with a strong theoretical and research background is an appropriate strategy to increase life expectancy and can be used as an effective intervention method to increase life expectancy in addicts.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Skills Training on Life Expectancy of Addicts in Tehran","authors":"M. Rad, Z. Seifi","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was the effectiveness of positive psychology skills training on increasing the life expectancy of addicts referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran. Methods: The research method was quasiexperimental with pretest, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. In this study, 60 addicts were selected who were randomly assigned to experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Group therapy sessions consisted of 10 sessions, twice a week for 90 minutes each time. The research tool was Snyder Hope Questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of hope in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). The results showed that teaching positive psychology skills as a group can significantly increase hope in addicts. Conclusions: Therefore, positive psychology with a strong theoretical and research background is an appropriate strategy to increase life expectancy and can be used as an effective intervention method to increase life expectancy in addicts.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44854580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000295
Orrin D. Ware, J. Frey, M. Cloeren, Amanda Mosby, R. Imboden, Alicia T. Bazell, Margo Huffman, M. Hochheimer, A. Greenblatt, Stephan A. Sherman
Background: Barriers to employment are a considerable problem for individuals recovering from an opioid use disorder (OUD). Being unemployed while receiving OUD treatment is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Objectives: Apply the biopsychosocial model to examine employment status and the association of barriers to employment among a sample of adults receiving Methadone for OUD. Materials and Methods: Administrative data from an east coast midsized urban medication-assisted treatment provider in the United States were obtained from a state database. Univariate analyses were used to describe the sample, and bivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between employment status and select variables. A logistic regression model was used to predict employment status. Results: Sample characteristics include 80.8% unemployed, 63.1% male, 49.6% White, and 65.3% never married. Employment status was significantly associated with past 30-day depression/sadness (χ2 (1)=11.361, P<0.01), past 30-day anxiety/tension (χ2 (1)=8.799, P<0.01), receiving financial support (χ2 (1)=6.550, P<0.05), having a driver’s license (χ2 (1)=12.984, P<0.001) and having a vehicle (χ2 (1)=43.208, P<0.001). The logistic regression model found those with a vehicle were less likely to be unemployed (odds ratio=0.248, P<0.01), while those awaiting a trial/charge were more likely to be unemployed (odds ratio=9.253, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study identified potential barriers (ie, psychological, transportation, criminal justice system involvement) from a biopsychosocial framework, associated with employment status among a sample of individuals in Methadone treatment. Identifying employment barriers in this population will help with treatment based clinical interventions.
{"title":"Examining Employment and Employment Barriers Among a Sample of Patients in Medication-Assisted Treatment in the United States","authors":"Orrin D. Ware, J. Frey, M. Cloeren, Amanda Mosby, R. Imboden, Alicia T. Bazell, Margo Huffman, M. Hochheimer, A. Greenblatt, Stephan A. Sherman","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Barriers to employment are a considerable problem for individuals recovering from an opioid use disorder (OUD). Being unemployed while receiving OUD treatment is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Objectives: Apply the biopsychosocial model to examine employment status and the association of barriers to employment among a sample of adults receiving Methadone for OUD. Materials and Methods: Administrative data from an east coast midsized urban medication-assisted treatment provider in the United States were obtained from a state database. Univariate analyses were used to describe the sample, and bivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between employment status and select variables. A logistic regression model was used to predict employment status. Results: Sample characteristics include 80.8% unemployed, 63.1% male, 49.6% White, and 65.3% never married. Employment status was significantly associated with past 30-day depression/sadness (χ2 (1)=11.361, P<0.01), past 30-day anxiety/tension (χ2 (1)=8.799, P<0.01), receiving financial support (χ2 (1)=6.550, P<0.05), having a driver’s license (χ2 (1)=12.984, P<0.001) and having a vehicle (χ2 (1)=43.208, P<0.001). The logistic regression model found those with a vehicle were less likely to be unemployed (odds ratio=0.248, P<0.01), while those awaiting a trial/charge were more likely to be unemployed (odds ratio=9.253, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study identified potential barriers (ie, psychological, transportation, criminal justice system involvement) from a biopsychosocial framework, associated with employment status among a sample of individuals in Methadone treatment. Identifying employment barriers in this population will help with treatment based clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41875480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000294
N. Walia, Jessica O. Lat, R. Tariq, S. Tyagi, A. Qazi, S. Salari, Amina Jafar, T. Kousar, Mahvish Renzu, David Leszkowitz, Rafael Abreu, Ivan Rodriguez
Objectives: Stimulant medications including illegal use of Methamphetamine (MA) continues to rise in adolescents and young adults. This study aims to examine mortality trends because of the stimulant overdose in this age group (15 to 34 years). Methods: Age-adjusted mortality data, including 95% confidence intervals and standard errors, were extracted using publicly available multiple causes of death files from the United States Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). The data was filtered using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes: F15.0 (Mental and behavioral disorders because of use of other stimulants, acute intoxication), F15.1 (Mental and behavioral disorders because of use of other stimulants, harmful use), T43.6 (Psychostimulants with abuse potential). The trends analysis for 1999 to 2019 was conducted using Joinpoint regression statistical software. Results: The mortality rate has been consistently increasing in the last decade across all races and ethnicities in adolescents and young adults. Non-Hispanic White population had the highest mortality rates (7.6 per 100,000 in 2019) compared with non-Hispanic Black (3.08 per 100,000 in 2019) and Hispanic population (3.33 per 100,000 in 2019). But the annual percent change in mortality was shown to be highest in non-Hispanic Black population (34.3% between 2009 and 2019). Conclusion: The increase in overall mortality rate because of stimulants use reflects the increase of MA use in this age group. The difference in the rate of change shows worsening racial inequality. Public health policies should be implemented to include evidence-based strategies to prevent MA misuse or overdose.
{"title":"Trends in Mortality Due to Stimulants Use in Adolescents and Young Adults","authors":"N. Walia, Jessica O. Lat, R. Tariq, S. Tyagi, A. Qazi, S. Salari, Amina Jafar, T. Kousar, Mahvish Renzu, David Leszkowitz, Rafael Abreu, Ivan Rodriguez","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Stimulant medications including illegal use of Methamphetamine (MA) continues to rise in adolescents and young adults. This study aims to examine mortality trends because of the stimulant overdose in this age group (15 to 34 years). Methods: Age-adjusted mortality data, including 95% confidence intervals and standard errors, were extracted using publicly available multiple causes of death files from the United States Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). The data was filtered using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes: F15.0 (Mental and behavioral disorders because of use of other stimulants, acute intoxication), F15.1 (Mental and behavioral disorders because of use of other stimulants, harmful use), T43.6 (Psychostimulants with abuse potential). The trends analysis for 1999 to 2019 was conducted using Joinpoint regression statistical software. Results: The mortality rate has been consistently increasing in the last decade across all races and ethnicities in adolescents and young adults. Non-Hispanic White population had the highest mortality rates (7.6 per 100,000 in 2019) compared with non-Hispanic Black (3.08 per 100,000 in 2019) and Hispanic population (3.33 per 100,000 in 2019). But the annual percent change in mortality was shown to be highest in non-Hispanic Black population (34.3% between 2009 and 2019). Conclusion: The increase in overall mortality rate because of stimulants use reflects the increase of MA use in this age group. The difference in the rate of change shows worsening racial inequality. Public health policies should be implemented to include evidence-based strategies to prevent MA misuse or overdose.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46728942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000285
Z. Seifi, M. Narimani
Crystal (methamphetamine), as one of the most effective stimulants, has dangerous effects on the body and mind of people, and its negative effects cannot be ignored. In the meantime, the use of this stimulant can have a great impact on sexual desire and disorders, however, there is still a misconception among many young people about using this stimulant to improve the quality of sex. in addition to physical side effects such as liver and kidney failure, the use of these substances also has psychological and social side effects. An important issue is to raise awareness about the harms and effects of industrial narcotics for the youth of the society, which should be considered in the education system, and by using the media, the minds of the youth should be vaccinated against this bitter reality. Therefore, it seems that by increasing social awareness and learning life skills, on the other hand, young people will have the power to say no to the use of substances that have negative consequences for their body and mind.
{"title":"Industrial Drug Use Between Young Couples to Improve the Quality of Sex","authors":"Z. Seifi, M. Narimani","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000285","url":null,"abstract":"Crystal (methamphetamine), as one of the most effective stimulants, has dangerous effects on the body and mind of people, and its negative effects cannot be ignored. In the meantime, the use of this stimulant can have a great impact on sexual desire and disorders, however, there is still a misconception among many young people about using this stimulant to improve the quality of sex. in addition to physical side effects such as liver and kidney failure, the use of these substances also has psychological and social side effects. An important issue is to raise awareness about the harms and effects of industrial narcotics for the youth of the society, which should be considered in the education system, and by using the media, the minds of the youth should be vaccinated against this bitter reality. Therefore, it seems that by increasing social awareness and learning life skills, on the other hand, young people will have the power to say no to the use of substances that have negative consequences for their body and mind.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000293
Irma Höijer, T. Ilonen, E. Löyttyniemi, R. Salokangas
Objectives: Substance abuse is associated with impairments in cognition and many serious physical and behavioral consequences both in men and women. Gender differences, however, are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in specific neuropsychological measures and personality variables in a sample of single and polysubstance patients. Methods: A total of 164 hospitalized patients—97 men and 67 women—underwent neuropsychological tests of verbal capacity, attention, speed of processing, perceptual reasoning, memory and learning, executive functioning, and inhibitory capacity. Personality was measured using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Associations between neuropsychological measures, personality variables, and gender differences were studied using multiway analysis of covariance controlled for regular substance use in years, onset age of regular substance use, polysubstance use, and education level. Results: After adjustment, all the differences between men and women disappeared in the neuropsychological tests. Men reported higher values of somatisation and emotions of depression and anxiety than women. Men were also more suspicious and elicited more disturbed thinking than women. Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies, women are not more vulnerable to the effects of substance use compared with men. Notably, men are more vulnerable to negative emotions than women.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Cognitive and Personality Functioning in Patients With Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Irma Höijer, T. Ilonen, E. Löyttyniemi, R. Salokangas","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000293","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Substance abuse is associated with impairments in cognition and many serious physical and behavioral consequences both in men and women. Gender differences, however, are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in specific neuropsychological measures and personality variables in a sample of single and polysubstance patients. Methods: A total of 164 hospitalized patients—97 men and 67 women—underwent neuropsychological tests of verbal capacity, attention, speed of processing, perceptual reasoning, memory and learning, executive functioning, and inhibitory capacity. Personality was measured using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Associations between neuropsychological measures, personality variables, and gender differences were studied using multiway analysis of covariance controlled for regular substance use in years, onset age of regular substance use, polysubstance use, and education level. Results: After adjustment, all the differences between men and women disappeared in the neuropsychological tests. Men reported higher values of somatisation and emotions of depression and anxiety than women. Men were also more suspicious and elicited more disturbed thinking than women. Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies, women are not more vulnerable to the effects of substance use compared with men. Notably, men are more vulnerable to negative emotions than women.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43342635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000291
U. Person, M. Lin, J. Fogel, A. Parrill, Daniel Bishev, Manpreet Takhi, Hesam Joshaghani, Ijendu Korie, Romain Branch, Constantine Ioannou, Glenn Kalash
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with leaving against medical advice (AMA) from inpatient substance use detoxification treatment. Methods: A retrospective study of 832 adult patients discharged AMA from an inpatient substance use detoxification unit. Variables from the following factors were included: demographics, substance type, medical history, psychiatric history, tobacco use, detoxification protocol, legal history, and reason for discharge AMA. The outcome variable was days until discharge AMA. Results: For demographics, only increased age was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.002, SE=0.001, P< 0.01). For detoxification protocol, lorazepam was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.06, SE=0.03, P< 0.05). For reasons for discharge AMA, only personal obligation was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.05, SE=0.02, P< 0.01). Medical history, substance type, psychiatric history, tobacco use, and legal history were each not significantly associated with days before leaving AMA. Conclusions: This study identified factors associated with leaving AMA from substance use detoxification units. Clinicians may find it useful to spend more time counseling younger patients to encourage engagement in the entire spectrum of care, including detoxification completion. Patients who cited personal obligations as a reason for leaving AMA stayed more days than those who did not cite personal obligations as a reason for leaving AMA. Clinicians may thus find it useful to assess the urgency of the patient’s personal obligations before initiating detoxification, highlight ways addiction impacts each patient’s personal obligations, and identify available supports in the community to promote treatment completion.
{"title":"Factors Associated With Leaving Against Medical Advice From Inpatient Substance Use Detoxification Treatment","authors":"U. Person, M. Lin, J. Fogel, A. Parrill, Daniel Bishev, Manpreet Takhi, Hesam Joshaghani, Ijendu Korie, Romain Branch, Constantine Ioannou, Glenn Kalash","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000291","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with leaving against medical advice (AMA) from inpatient substance use detoxification treatment. Methods: A retrospective study of 832 adult patients discharged AMA from an inpatient substance use detoxification unit. Variables from the following factors were included: demographics, substance type, medical history, psychiatric history, tobacco use, detoxification protocol, legal history, and reason for discharge AMA. The outcome variable was days until discharge AMA. Results: For demographics, only increased age was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.002, SE=0.001, P< 0.01). For detoxification protocol, lorazepam was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.06, SE=0.03, P< 0.05). For reasons for discharge AMA, only personal obligation was significantly associated with increased days before leaving AMA (B=0.05, SE=0.02, P< 0.01). Medical history, substance type, psychiatric history, tobacco use, and legal history were each not significantly associated with days before leaving AMA. Conclusions: This study identified factors associated with leaving AMA from substance use detoxification units. Clinicians may find it useful to spend more time counseling younger patients to encourage engagement in the entire spectrum of care, including detoxification completion. Patients who cited personal obligations as a reason for leaving AMA stayed more days than those who did not cite personal obligations as a reason for leaving AMA. Clinicians may thus find it useful to assess the urgency of the patient’s personal obligations before initiating detoxification, highlight ways addiction impacts each patient’s personal obligations, and identify available supports in the community to promote treatment completion.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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