Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000216
T. Okasha, Nesreen M. Ibrahim, Rehab Naguib, Kerolos B. Khalil, R. Hashem
Objectives: Children of addicted parents exhibit depression, anxiety, and elevated rates of psychiatric disorders more frequently than do children from nonaddicted families. Hence, we conducted this research to illustrate the psychiatric illness of children of substance-dependent parents. Materials and Methods: The study included 50 children [25 with a parent diagnosed with substance use disorder according Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria (group A), and 25 whose parents had no psychiatric diagnosis according to general health questionnaire (group B)]. The subjects were recruited from the Heliopolis Psychiatric Hospital, which is a Ministry of Health Hospital. They were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI KID) scale. We, furthermore, assessed the relation between the Addiction Severity Index, type of substance used by group A parents, and the MINI KID scale. Results: Group A showed more significant diagnosis than group B (P=0.037) by the MINI KID scale (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and separation anxiety disorder) (P=0.018, 0.037, 0.042, 0.021, and 0.004, respectively). Hence, the substance abuse parent has a detrimental effect on their children’s well-being. As regards the relation between addiction severity and result of MINI KID scale in group A, only “employment” was significant (P=0.025). Surprisingly, neither the severity of substance abused nor the type of substance abused by the parent had significant relation with the diagnosed psychiatric disorders in their children. Conclusions: Our study found that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children increases when their parents have substance use disorder. Moreover, the variation of the severity of parent addiction does not affect the risk for having psychiatric disorders in their children.
{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders in Children of Parents With Substance Dependence Disorder","authors":"T. Okasha, Nesreen M. Ibrahim, Rehab Naguib, Kerolos B. Khalil, R. Hashem","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000216","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Children of addicted parents exhibit depression, anxiety, and elevated rates of psychiatric disorders more frequently than do children from nonaddicted families. Hence, we conducted this research to illustrate the psychiatric illness of children of substance-dependent parents. Materials and Methods: The study included 50 children [25 with a parent diagnosed with substance use disorder according Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria (group A), and 25 whose parents had no psychiatric diagnosis according to general health questionnaire (group B)]. The subjects were recruited from the Heliopolis Psychiatric Hospital, which is a Ministry of Health Hospital. They were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI KID) scale. We, furthermore, assessed the relation between the Addiction Severity Index, type of substance used by group A parents, and the MINI KID scale. Results: Group A showed more significant diagnosis than group B (P=0.037) by the MINI KID scale (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and separation anxiety disorder) (P=0.018, 0.037, 0.042, 0.021, and 0.004, respectively). Hence, the substance abuse parent has a detrimental effect on their children’s well-being. As regards the relation between addiction severity and result of MINI KID scale in group A, only “employment” was significant (P=0.025). Surprisingly, neither the severity of substance abused nor the type of substance abused by the parent had significant relation with the diagnosed psychiatric disorders in their children. Conclusions: Our study found that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children increases when their parents have substance use disorder. Moreover, the variation of the severity of parent addiction does not affect the risk for having psychiatric disorders in their children.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44404414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000219
Juan P. Borda, Luz G. Gutiérrez, L. López, Deivi A. Orrego
Colombia has experienced a dramatic increase of heroin use in the last 3 decades, stablishing the first methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program in 2004. Although international evidence indicates that MMT has important benefits for people with opioid use disorder, technical and logistical difficulties have been identified in Colombia that can compromise the effectiveness of this treatment modality. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 148 subjects with opioid use disorder were interviewed in the city of Armenia (Colombia) using the Opiate Treatment Index, comparing the drug use, social functioning, human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors, criminal activity, and the physical/mental health among subjects involved in MMT and those not receiving treatment. Despite the above-mentioned difficulties, subjects participating in MMT reported less illegal substance use (specifically heroin and basuco), less human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors, better social functioning, less criminal activity, and less physical and mental health problems than those not receiving treatment. In addition, subjects involved in MMT reported a daily use of heroin and lower than recommended dosages of methadone. Therefore, Colombia should continue expandingMMTprograms across the country, integrating the available harm reduction strategies and providing continuous training for health professionals in charge of these programs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Armenia, Colombia: A Cross-sectional Study Responding to a National Priority","authors":"Juan P. Borda, Luz G. Gutiérrez, L. López, Deivi A. Orrego","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000219","url":null,"abstract":"Colombia has experienced a dramatic increase of heroin use in the last 3 decades, stablishing the first methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program in 2004. Although international evidence indicates that MMT has important benefits for people with opioid use disorder, technical and logistical difficulties have been identified in Colombia that can compromise the effectiveness of this treatment modality. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 148 subjects with opioid use disorder were interviewed in the city of Armenia (Colombia) using the Opiate Treatment Index, comparing the drug use, social functioning, human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors, criminal activity, and the physical/mental health among subjects involved in MMT and those not receiving treatment. Despite the above-mentioned difficulties, subjects participating in MMT reported less illegal substance use (specifically heroin and basuco), less human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors, better social functioning, less criminal activity, and less physical and mental health problems than those not receiving treatment. In addition, subjects involved in MMT reported a daily use of heroin and lower than recommended dosages of methadone. Therefore, Colombia should continue expandingMMTprograms across the country, integrating the available harm reduction strategies and providing continuous training for health professionals in charge of these programs.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000215
G. S. Sugara, Y. Yulianingsih, F. N. Isti’adah, S. Adiputra, Muhammad Muhajirin, R. P. Fadli, I. Ifdil
Losing a parent causes grief that impacts the development among adolescents. This often leads to self-internalization problems, such as depression and trauma. Without intervention, grief due to parental death may cause various effects over time. This study used a single case research technique with AB design to analyze the effectiveness of ego state therapy in reducing grief. The subjects consist of 2 adolescents living in the Orphanage with prolonged grief disorder. The results of the study showed a decrease in the level of grief during and after treatment. Ego state therapy can be used to improve the conditions of adolescents experiencing grief.
{"title":"Ego State Therapy for the Treatment of Grief and Loss After Death","authors":"G. S. Sugara, Y. Yulianingsih, F. N. Isti’adah, S. Adiputra, Muhammad Muhajirin, R. P. Fadli, I. Ifdil","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000215","url":null,"abstract":"Losing a parent causes grief that impacts the development among adolescents. This often leads to self-internalization problems, such as depression and trauma. Without intervention, grief due to parental death may cause various effects over time. This study used a single case research technique with AB design to analyze the effectiveness of ego state therapy in reducing grief. The subjects consist of 2 adolescents living in the Orphanage with prolonged grief disorder. The results of the study showed a decrease in the level of grief during and after treatment. Ego state therapy can be used to improve the conditions of adolescents experiencing grief.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48424414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000214
L. R. V. D. Bersselaar, J. G. V. D. Hoeven, B. D. Jong
New psychoactive substances (NPS), also known as designer drugs or legal highs, represent a broad range of different pharmacologically active substances. They are sold as replacements to established drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Among adolescents in Europe, NPS are gaining popularity. Despite the increasing use of NPS, information about the acute health effects remains scarce and is evenworse for the long-term effects or the addictive potential of NPS. Severe or fatal cases of NPS intoxications are reported. Although several authors warn about the addictive potential of synthetic cathinones, case reports or larger studies in humans are scarce. We present the case of a patient addicted to 4-methylethcathinone/pentedrone and an acute intoxication with 3-methoxyphencyclidine-piperidine cyclohexane carbonitrile. This case shows that the addictive potential of synthetic cathinones should not be underestimated.
{"title":"Feeling Death, Being Alive: 4-Methylethcathinone/Pentedrone Addiction and 3-Methoxyphencyclidine Intoxication","authors":"L. R. V. D. Bersselaar, J. G. V. D. Hoeven, B. D. Jong","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000214","url":null,"abstract":"New psychoactive substances (NPS), also known as designer drugs or legal highs, represent a broad range of different pharmacologically active substances. They are sold as replacements to established drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Among adolescents in Europe, NPS are gaining popularity. Despite the increasing use of NPS, information about the acute health effects remains scarce and is evenworse for the long-term effects or the addictive potential of NPS. Severe or fatal cases of NPS intoxications are reported. Although several authors warn about the addictive potential of synthetic cathinones, case reports or larger studies in humans are scarce. We present the case of a patient addicted to 4-methylethcathinone/pentedrone and an acute intoxication with 3-methoxyphencyclidine-piperidine cyclohexane carbonitrile. This case shows that the addictive potential of synthetic cathinones should not be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000213
T. Okasha, Afaf Abd elsamie, H. Azzam, D. Elserafi, E. Shorub, Y. Elhawary, M. Morsy
Objectives: Emotion regulation deficits and impulsivity and personality profile as well play a role in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD). We aimed to examine the emotion regulation and both impulsivity and personality profile among patients with SUDs and its correlates. Patients and Methods: One hundred male patients with SUDs were selected from the inpatient and outpatient departments compared with 100 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education. Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (SCID-I); Temperement and Character Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11); and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) were used. Results: Emotional repair was significantly lower in cases compared with control group (P<0.05). Novelty seeking was significantly higher in patients with substance use. Meanwhile, cases had significantly lower scores in harm avoidance and persistence (P<0.01). In addition, cases showed significantly higher total, motor, attention, and nonplan scores of BIS compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between attention to feeling, clarity of feeling, and repair of mood, and motor, attention, nonplan, and total scores of BIS. Meanwhile, there was a negative correlation between emotional repair and novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Deficits in emotional repair correlated with certain personality traits and impulsiveness may place individuals at more risk for SUD and are important variables to attend for propermanagement of SUD patients.
{"title":"Emotion Regulation, Impulsivity, and Personality Profile Among Egyptian Patients With Substance Use Disorders","authors":"T. Okasha, Afaf Abd elsamie, H. Azzam, D. Elserafi, E. Shorub, Y. Elhawary, M. Morsy","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000213","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Emotion regulation deficits and impulsivity and personality profile as well play a role in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD). We aimed to examine the emotion regulation and both impulsivity and personality profile among patients with SUDs and its correlates. Patients and Methods: One hundred male patients with SUDs were selected from the inpatient and outpatient departments compared with 100 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education. Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (SCID-I); Temperement and Character Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11); and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) were used. Results: Emotional repair was significantly lower in cases compared with control group (P<0.05). Novelty seeking was significantly higher in patients with substance use. Meanwhile, cases had significantly lower scores in harm avoidance and persistence (P<0.01). In addition, cases showed significantly higher total, motor, attention, and nonplan scores of BIS compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between attention to feeling, clarity of feeling, and repair of mood, and motor, attention, nonplan, and total scores of BIS. Meanwhile, there was a negative correlation between emotional repair and novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Deficits in emotional repair correlated with certain personality traits and impulsiveness may place individuals at more risk for SUD and are important variables to attend for propermanagement of SUD patients.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48522557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000183
M. G. Carbone, M. Maiello, Giovanni Pagni, C. Tagliarini, B. Pacciardi, I. Maremmani
Background: Several studies have already investigated the brief and long-term neurological effects of exposure to high altitudes and the related sequelae of hypoxia on memory and cognition, but few authors have discussed the question of psychic symptoms during high-altitude activities. These authors suspect that the reexacerbation or worsening of psychiatric symptoms may well be the expression of maladaptive behaviors in response to changes in environmental conditions. Case Report: We describe the case of a patient with a history of sporadic Panic Attacks with elements of the panicagoraphobic spectrum (social phobia and separation anxiety) who, in a specific social context during adolescence, tended to misuse alcohol for recreational and disinhibitory purposes to solve his relational problems in the social sphere. After many years of abstinence, this patient decided to accept exposure to high altitudes at work and developed a serious alcohol use disorder, including the progressive worsening of his functioning in the social and working dimensions. Discussion: We propose that, because of the daily experiencing of high altitudes at work, the patient’s anxiety levels rose sharply, but unconsciously and automatically, according to a mode of copying previously enacted in adolescence (through social phobia and the use of alcohol to become disinhibited); he also implemented binge drinking behaviors for self-medicative and antianxiety purposes, which gradually triggered a mechanism of alcohol dependence.
{"title":"Can High Altitude Exacerbate a Remittent Alcohol Use Disorder in a Patient With a History of Panic Attacks?","authors":"M. G. Carbone, M. Maiello, Giovanni Pagni, C. Tagliarini, B. Pacciardi, I. Maremmani","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have already investigated the brief and long-term neurological effects of exposure to high altitudes and the related sequelae of hypoxia on memory and cognition, but few authors have discussed the question of psychic symptoms during high-altitude activities. These authors suspect that the reexacerbation or worsening of psychiatric symptoms may well be the expression of maladaptive behaviors in response to changes in environmental conditions. Case Report: We describe the case of a patient with a history of sporadic Panic Attacks with elements of the panicagoraphobic spectrum (social phobia and separation anxiety) who, in a specific social context during adolescence, tended to misuse alcohol for recreational and disinhibitory purposes to solve his relational problems in the social sphere. After many years of abstinence, this patient decided to accept exposure to high altitudes at work and developed a serious alcohol use disorder, including the progressive worsening of his functioning in the social and working dimensions. Discussion: We propose that, because of the daily experiencing of high altitudes at work, the patient’s anxiety levels rose sharply, but unconsciously and automatically, according to a mode of copying previously enacted in adolescence (through social phobia and the use of alcohol to become disinhibited); he also implemented binge drinking behaviors for self-medicative and antianxiety purposes, which gradually triggered a mechanism of alcohol dependence.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44659416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-22DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000212
A. Ekici, Ş. Şahin, Gülçin Elboğa, A. Altındağ
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are substances with chemical structures that comprise a family of compounds and have structures that can bind to cannabinoid receptors in human cells known as CB1 or CB2. Most SCs are stronger than tetrahydrocannabinol and pose a greater health risk. In this article, we present a mania case that was triggered by a single dose of the SC Bonzai and registered improvement after longterm inpatient treatment. In the literature, only one previous case has been reported of a manic attack induced by SC, and this previously reported case had manic symptoms that started after 6months of SC use. In our case, we aimed to discuss the possible mechanisms of SC use, which may cause affective symptoms and a serious psychotic manic episode even in the absence of long-term exposure.
{"title":"Mania Induced by a Single Dose of Synthetic Cannabinoid","authors":"A. Ekici, Ş. Şahin, Gülçin Elboğa, A. Altındağ","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000212","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are substances with chemical structures that comprise a family of compounds and have structures that can bind to cannabinoid receptors in human cells known as CB1 or CB2. Most SCs are stronger than tetrahydrocannabinol and pose a greater health risk. In this article, we present a mania case that was triggered by a single dose of the SC Bonzai and registered improvement after longterm inpatient treatment. In the literature, only one previous case has been reported of a manic attack induced by SC, and this previously reported case had manic symptoms that started after 6months of SC use. In our case, we aimed to discuss the possible mechanisms of SC use, which may cause affective symptoms and a serious psychotic manic episode even in the absence of long-term exposure.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-12DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000210
D. Daharnis, I. Ifdil, Berru Amalianita, N. Zola, Y. E. Putri
A phobia is an excessive fear of something or a phenomenon. Phobias can be considered to hinder the lives of people who suffer from them, and one of them is trypanophobia, an extreme fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles. The symptoms of trypanophobia can greatly disrupt a person’s quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Phobia sufferers cannot heal themselves and so they must be assisted by therapists who are competent in their field. One of the therapeutic techniques that can help cure phobia sufferers is ego-state therapy. This therapy enables the respondents’ underlying states to be allocated to all ego states that contribute to trypanophobia and to be expressed, released, and empowered. The research objective here is to analyze the effectiveness of egostate therapy in reducing trypanophobia. This research uses single-subject design A-B-A-B with 9 medical patients acting as respondents. The instruments used are observation, interview, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Modification Inventory. Data obtained were analyzed used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the study found that ego-state therapy can reduce trypanophobia. On the basis of this finding, this therapy can be one alternative treatment in the reduction of trypanophobia.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Ego-state Therapy in Reducing Trypanophobia","authors":"D. Daharnis, I. Ifdil, Berru Amalianita, N. Zola, Y. E. Putri","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000210","url":null,"abstract":"A phobia is an excessive fear of something or a phenomenon. Phobias can be considered to hinder the lives of people who suffer from them, and one of them is trypanophobia, an extreme fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles. The symptoms of trypanophobia can greatly disrupt a person’s quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Phobia sufferers cannot heal themselves and so they must be assisted by therapists who are competent in their field. One of the therapeutic techniques that can help cure phobia sufferers is ego-state therapy. This therapy enables the respondents’ underlying states to be allocated to all ego states that contribute to trypanophobia and to be expressed, released, and empowered. The research objective here is to analyze the effectiveness of egostate therapy in reducing trypanophobia. This research uses single-subject design A-B-A-B with 9 medical patients acting as respondents. The instruments used are observation, interview, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Modification Inventory. Data obtained were analyzed used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the study found that ego-state therapy can reduce trypanophobia. On the basis of this finding, this therapy can be one alternative treatment in the reduction of trypanophobia.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-12DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000211
T. H. Sin, I. Ifdil, Berru Amalianita
Stress affects the performance level of professional athletes during training and competition, thereby decreasing their achievements. Using an individual approach, this study aimed to analyze ego state therapy to reduce stress through relaxation. A single-subject design was used to obtain data from 6 athletes with high stress through observation and administration of the Mini Stress Scale. The result showed that this therapy acts as an alternative treatment in reducing stress.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Ego State Therapy in the Reduction of Athletes’ Stress Levels","authors":"T. H. Sin, I. Ifdil, Berru Amalianita","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000211","url":null,"abstract":"Stress affects the performance level of professional athletes during training and competition, thereby decreasing their achievements. Using an individual approach, this study aimed to analyze ego state therapy to reduce stress through relaxation. A single-subject design was used to obtain data from 6 athletes with high stress through observation and administration of the Mini Stress Scale. The result showed that this therapy acts as an alternative treatment in reducing stress.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000209
S. R. Taylor, B. D. Gustafson, Daniel S. Hough
Introduction: Despite a low bioavailability, sublingual naloxone does reach systemic circulation as evidenced by pharmacokinetic studies. As observed in clinical practice, patients receiving sublingual naloxone in combination with buprenorphine occasionally experience adverse reactions that resolve when naloxone alone is discontinued suggesting potential for naloxone-induced reactions. According to postmarketing data, peripheral edema is one of the most common adverse drug events related to sublingual buprenorphine/ naloxone. Case: A case of potential naloxone-induced peripheral edema in a 69-year-old woman. The patient experienced peripheral edema over the course of several months after the initiation of sublingual buprenorphine/ naloxone despite numerous attempts at pharmacological diuresis. Within 1 month of omitting naloxone from her regimen and continuing buprenorphine monotherapy, the patient’s edema resolved. Conclusions: Given pharmacokinetic studies and evidence of systemic absorption, adverse drug reactions from sublingual naloxone are possible. Mindfulness of appropriate candidates for combination sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone formulations and monitoring for naloxone-induced peripheral edema is prudent.
{"title":"Naloxone-induced Peripheral Edema: A Case Report","authors":"S. R. Taylor, B. D. Gustafson, Daniel S. Hough","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000209","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite a low bioavailability, sublingual naloxone does reach systemic circulation as evidenced by pharmacokinetic studies. As observed in clinical practice, patients receiving sublingual naloxone in combination with buprenorphine occasionally experience adverse reactions that resolve when naloxone alone is discontinued suggesting potential for naloxone-induced reactions. According to postmarketing data, peripheral edema is one of the most common adverse drug events related to sublingual buprenorphine/ naloxone. Case: A case of potential naloxone-induced peripheral edema in a 69-year-old woman. The patient experienced peripheral edema over the course of several months after the initiation of sublingual buprenorphine/ naloxone despite numerous attempts at pharmacological diuresis. Within 1 month of omitting naloxone from her regimen and continuing buprenorphine monotherapy, the patient’s edema resolved. Conclusions: Given pharmacokinetic studies and evidence of systemic absorption, adverse drug reactions from sublingual naloxone are possible. Mindfulness of appropriate candidates for combination sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone formulations and monitoring for naloxone-induced peripheral edema is prudent.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：