Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000280
D. Situmorang, I. Ifdil
To the Editor: In the midst of COVID-19, so many activities in most countries worldwide are still carried out from home. People in many countries experience burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression; because they can only spend their time from home for 24 hours a day. As a result, many of them are looking for ways to get rid of their boredom at home by drinking alcohol and/or using licit and illicit drugs. Furthermore, many of them are experiencing addiction to become addicts. If this is allowed to continue, it can interfere with their daily activities, that is, they become no longer productive as a human. Based on a study conducted by Åkerlind and Hörnquist, and Horigian and colleagues, it is explained that someone who is an alcohol and/or licit and illicit drugs addicts is someone who experiences loneliness and feels abandoned from the real world. Substance abuse addicts feel that when using it, they can feel what they really want to get in the real world, including the extraordinary feeling of happiness, which they have never felt before or the joy that they always crave in this life. Even though all of that is “the happiness trap.”
{"title":"Expressive Art Therapies for Treating People With Misuses of Alcohol, Licit, and Illicit Drugs in COVID-19 Outbreak","authors":"D. Situmorang, I. Ifdil","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000280","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: In the midst of COVID-19, so many activities in most countries worldwide are still carried out from home. People in many countries experience burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression; because they can only spend their time from home for 24 hours a day. As a result, many of them are looking for ways to get rid of their boredom at home by drinking alcohol and/or using licit and illicit drugs. Furthermore, many of them are experiencing addiction to become addicts. If this is allowed to continue, it can interfere with their daily activities, that is, they become no longer productive as a human. Based on a study conducted by Åkerlind and Hörnquist, and Horigian and colleagues, it is explained that someone who is an alcohol and/or licit and illicit drugs addicts is someone who experiences loneliness and feels abandoned from the real world. Substance abuse addicts feel that when using it, they can feel what they really want to get in the real world, including the extraordinary feeling of happiness, which they have never felt before or the joy that they always crave in this life. Even though all of that is “the happiness trap.”","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000217
A. S. Mohamed, D. E. Serafi, D. Ali, M. Bastawy, A. A. Shafeq, Rehab Naguib
Objectives: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco smoking start in near same developmental life stages and are highly comorbid disorders. Little research has focused on this comorbidity and its correlates, especially in the Arab world. This study aimed to find the relation between tobacco smoking and ADHD symptoms and to understand how ADHD profile can affect its persistence. Materials and Methods: We recruited our sample from fifth year medical students attending their psychiatry undergraduate training program at the Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. All attending students for 3 rounds were approached and asked to participate. All candidates were above 20 years old and from both sexes. For the purpose of this study, tobacco smoking included cigarettes, water pipe (sheesha), Cigar, and/or pipe smoking. All the participants were assessed using 1, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); 2, The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS); 3, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND); 4, Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (SCQ-A). Results: An overall 12.7% had symptoms of ADHD. Participants who were tobacco smokers and had symptoms of ADHD showed nicotine dependence scores higher than the non-ADHD symptom smokers. There was significant correlation between ASRS inattention and hyperactive-impulsive subscale scores and FTND scores (P=0.003 and 0.04), respectively. Moreover, there were statistically significant correlations between ASRS scores and smoking outcome variables with P-value of ≤0.00. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms were correlated to adult tobacco smoking outcome variables, providing further evidence of a likely link between ADHD symptoms and tobacco smoking risk.
{"title":"Association and Possible Correlations Between Tobacco Smoking and Symptoms of ADHD in an Egyptian Medical College Students’ Sample","authors":"A. S. Mohamed, D. E. Serafi, D. Ali, M. Bastawy, A. A. Shafeq, Rehab Naguib","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000217","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco smoking start in near same developmental life stages and are highly comorbid disorders. Little research has focused on this comorbidity and its correlates, especially in the Arab world. This study aimed to find the relation between tobacco smoking and ADHD symptoms and to understand how ADHD profile can affect its persistence. Materials and Methods: We recruited our sample from fifth year medical students attending their psychiatry undergraduate training program at the Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. All attending students for 3 rounds were approached and asked to participate. All candidates were above 20 years old and from both sexes. For the purpose of this study, tobacco smoking included cigarettes, water pipe (sheesha), Cigar, and/or pipe smoking. All the participants were assessed using 1, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); 2, The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS); 3, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND); 4, Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (SCQ-A). Results: An overall 12.7% had symptoms of ADHD. Participants who were tobacco smokers and had symptoms of ADHD showed nicotine dependence scores higher than the non-ADHD symptom smokers. There was significant correlation between ASRS inattention and hyperactive-impulsive subscale scores and FTND scores (P=0.003 and 0.04), respectively. Moreover, there were statistically significant correlations between ASRS scores and smoking outcome variables with P-value of ≤0.00. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms were correlated to adult tobacco smoking outcome variables, providing further evidence of a likely link between ADHD symptoms and tobacco smoking risk.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44137384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-18DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000272
D. Mahmoud, Mona M. El Shiekh,, A. Kirolos, Yomna El Hawary
Objectives: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing disease with multiple general health and behavior deterioration making it vulnerable to discrimination. As health care professionals play a crucial role in the identification and feasibility of access to treatment of such patients, negative attitudes can reduce the quality of the medical service provided. The purpose of our study is to measure and compare stigma variables toward SUDs among different professions of the health care staff. Patients and Methods: In all, 300 participants were enrolled in the study distributed equally into physicians from different specialties, nurses, clerical work employees, manual workers, and early career medical interns. A predesigned semistructured sheet was used to screen the occupation, previous contact SUD cases, family history of substance use problems; they also answered the general health questionnaire, and 4 scales concerning the attitude toward addicts including the level of familiarity, perceived dangerousness, and fear, social distance scales. Results: Women showed higher perceived dangerousness and desired social distance from polysubstance use disorder than men. Social distance was significantly more away from polysubstance in staff below the age of 30 years, and from alcohol in the group above 30 years. The level of familiarity with and a desired social distance away from polysubstance abuse among physicians were significant. There was a highly significant fear of benzodiazepine, tramadol, and polysubstance among physicians. Perceived dangerousness for polysubstance among physicians was significantly evident as well as for alcohol among manual workers, for benzodiazepine among house officers, and for heroin among clerical workers. Conclusion: Stigma of medical field professionals toward patients with SUDs is common and may contribute to underqualified health care service for these patients, which mandates dissemination of model educational programs starting from college medical curricula to postgraduate ones.
{"title":"Attitude of Health Care Professionals Toward Patients With Substance Use Disorders","authors":"D. Mahmoud, Mona M. El Shiekh,, A. Kirolos, Yomna El Hawary","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000272","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing disease with multiple general health and behavior deterioration making it vulnerable to discrimination. As health care professionals play a crucial role in the identification and feasibility of access to treatment of such patients, negative attitudes can reduce the quality of the medical service provided. The purpose of our study is to measure and compare stigma variables toward SUDs among different professions of the health care staff. Patients and Methods: In all, 300 participants were enrolled in the study distributed equally into physicians from different specialties, nurses, clerical work employees, manual workers, and early career medical interns. A predesigned semistructured sheet was used to screen the occupation, previous contact SUD cases, family history of substance use problems; they also answered the general health questionnaire, and 4 scales concerning the attitude toward addicts including the level of familiarity, perceived dangerousness, and fear, social distance scales. Results: Women showed higher perceived dangerousness and desired social distance from polysubstance use disorder than men. Social distance was significantly more away from polysubstance in staff below the age of 30 years, and from alcohol in the group above 30 years. The level of familiarity with and a desired social distance away from polysubstance abuse among physicians were significant. There was a highly significant fear of benzodiazepine, tramadol, and polysubstance among physicians. Perceived dangerousness for polysubstance among physicians was significantly evident as well as for alcohol among manual workers, for benzodiazepine among house officers, and for heroin among clerical workers. Conclusion: Stigma of medical field professionals toward patients with SUDs is common and may contribute to underqualified health care service for these patients, which mandates dissemination of model educational programs starting from college medical curricula to postgraduate ones.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000277
M. Naeim, A. Rezaeisharif
{"title":"The Role of the Family in Preventing Addiction","authors":"M. Naeim, A. Rezaeisharif","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46746224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000275
Soheir H. El-Ghonemy, M. El-din, A. Mowafy, H. Hasan, Reem H. El Ghamry
Objectives: The aim was to find out the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among female students in Ain Shams University, Cairo, and to investigate associations between substance use and some selected sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 female students in their final year of college was recruited from six faculties of Ain Shams University; 3 practical faculties (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy) and 3 theoretical faculties (commerce, arts, law), 100 students from each. They completed the Structured Questionnaire for the Detection of Drug Intake and the Assessment of Sociodemographic Data which is a self-administered questionnaire used for the detection of substance use among university students. Results: The most commonly used substance was illicit drugs (9.8%), followed by tobacco (9%). Tobacco smoking was more prevalent between faculty of arts students and tobacco and cannabis use were more prevalent among theoretical faculties students. Being from Cairo, high family income, high daily pocket money, interneting as the main leisure time activity, and having friends or close relatives with substance use were positively associated with substance use among female university students. Conclusion: Illicit drugs were the most common substance used among female university students in Egypt. Substance use was influenced by sociodemographic factors; faculty, form of study, residence and living arrangement, parental education, income, leisure time activities, and having friends or relatives with substance use.
{"title":"Sociodemographic Correlates of Substance Use in a Sample of Egyptian Female University Students","authors":"Soheir H. El-Ghonemy, M. El-din, A. Mowafy, H. Hasan, Reem H. El Ghamry","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000275","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim was to find out the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among female students in Ain Shams University, Cairo, and to investigate associations between substance use and some selected sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 female students in their final year of college was recruited from six faculties of Ain Shams University; 3 practical faculties (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy) and 3 theoretical faculties (commerce, arts, law), 100 students from each. They completed the Structured Questionnaire for the Detection of Drug Intake and the Assessment of Sociodemographic Data which is a self-administered questionnaire used for the detection of substance use among university students. Results: The most commonly used substance was illicit drugs (9.8%), followed by tobacco (9%). Tobacco smoking was more prevalent between faculty of arts students and tobacco and cannabis use were more prevalent among theoretical faculties students. Being from Cairo, high family income, high daily pocket money, interneting as the main leisure time activity, and having friends or close relatives with substance use were positively associated with substance use among female university students. Conclusion: Illicit drugs were the most common substance used among female university students in Egypt. Substance use was influenced by sociodemographic factors; faculty, form of study, residence and living arrangement, parental education, income, leisure time activities, and having friends or relatives with substance use.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000268
Nahla E. Nagy Abdelhamid, Afaf M. Abdelsamea Mohamed, Nermin M. Shaker Ibrahim, Ahmed Adel Abdelgawad, M. H. E. abd el moneam, S. Marzouk
Introduction: Internet addiction (IA) had recently become the focus of interest to most clinicians and researchers. Indeed, this topic was not thoroughly studied in previous researches. Objectives: The authors of the current study aimed to investigate the rates of IA, understand its demographic and clinical correlates, and illustrate the interplay between IA, emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience among a sample of Egyptian university students. Methods: A total of 400 male and female university students from the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Literature, Ain Shams University were included in the current study. Participants were assessed using an informative designed questionnaire for sociodemographic data, Young Internet Addiction Test, The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), and The Resilience Scale (RS). Results: Two hundred eighty-nine (72.2%) participants were labeled the diagnosis of IA with varying degree of severity. Participants with IA scored significantly lower in the total score and all the subscores of SSEIT and RS (P>0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between all the domains of the Internet Addiction Test and both SSEIT and RS total score and all the subscores. By multiple logistic regression analysis, EI (odds ratio=0.81, P>0.001) and resilience (odds ratio=0.91, P=0.002) were the only factors predicting IA. Conclusion: Low scores of EI and resilience could predict the susceptibility to IA, suggesting that treatment strategies enhancing these factors would be of great value to be included in the programs targeted for the management of IA.
{"title":"Internet Addiction and Its Relation to Emotional Intelligence and Resilience Among a Sample of Egyptian University Students","authors":"Nahla E. Nagy Abdelhamid, Afaf M. Abdelsamea Mohamed, Nermin M. Shaker Ibrahim, Ahmed Adel Abdelgawad, M. H. E. abd el moneam, S. Marzouk","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000268","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Internet addiction (IA) had recently become the focus of interest to most clinicians and researchers. Indeed, this topic was not thoroughly studied in previous researches. Objectives: The authors of the current study aimed to investigate the rates of IA, understand its demographic and clinical correlates, and illustrate the interplay between IA, emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience among a sample of Egyptian university students. Methods: A total of 400 male and female university students from the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Literature, Ain Shams University were included in the current study. Participants were assessed using an informative designed questionnaire for sociodemographic data, Young Internet Addiction Test, The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), and The Resilience Scale (RS). Results: Two hundred eighty-nine (72.2%) participants were labeled the diagnosis of IA with varying degree of severity. Participants with IA scored significantly lower in the total score and all the subscores of SSEIT and RS (P>0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between all the domains of the Internet Addiction Test and both SSEIT and RS total score and all the subscores. By multiple logistic regression analysis, EI (odds ratio=0.81, P>0.001) and resilience (odds ratio=0.91, P=0.002) were the only factors predicting IA. Conclusion: Low scores of EI and resilience could predict the susceptibility to IA, suggesting that treatment strategies enhancing these factors would be of great value to be included in the programs targeted for the management of IA.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000274
Orlando Scoppetta, Camilo Rodríguez-Fandiño, Alejandra G Villamil, Augusto Pérez
Background and Aims: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia is a new phenomenon. However, there has been an increase in recent years and without any apparent explanation, is necessary to understand the characteristics of the use of ENDS in Colombia. Methods: This research is a secondary analysis study based on data from the 2020 National Study of Psychoactive Substance Use in the Colombian territory, which uses a household survey methodology. The study sample includes 49,756 people (48.3% male, 51.8% female), between 12 and 65 years old, distributed in the 32 departments of the country. Results: Five percent of Colombians between 12 and 65 years of age have used ENDS at some time in their life (67.8% male). The 12- to 17-year-old group started at 14.6 years average and exists a higher proportion of tobacco smokers among ENDS users in all prevalence. Conclusions: The use of ENDS is growing probably because of new marketing strategies that involve novel details and that generate curiosity, especially in the youngest. Some of these are technological designs, pleasant smells and flavors or absence of them and how easy it can be to hide them and consume them in places where it is forbidden to do. So, many young people and adolescents who had not used nicotine before, now do. There is a knowledge gap about ENDS, therefore they can affect the work has been done for decades in reducing nicotine consumption among young people and be the gateway to the consumption of cigarettes or other substances (marijuana).
{"title":"Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia","authors":"Orlando Scoppetta, Camilo Rodríguez-Fandiño, Alejandra G Villamil, Augusto Pérez","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000274","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia is a new phenomenon. However, there has been an increase in recent years and without any apparent explanation, is necessary to understand the characteristics of the use of ENDS in Colombia. Methods: This research is a secondary analysis study based on data from the 2020 National Study of Psychoactive Substance Use in the Colombian territory, which uses a household survey methodology. The study sample includes 49,756 people (48.3% male, 51.8% female), between 12 and 65 years old, distributed in the 32 departments of the country. Results: Five percent of Colombians between 12 and 65 years of age have used ENDS at some time in their life (67.8% male). The 12- to 17-year-old group started at 14.6 years average and exists a higher proportion of tobacco smokers among ENDS users in all prevalence. Conclusions: The use of ENDS is growing probably because of new marketing strategies that involve novel details and that generate curiosity, especially in the youngest. Some of these are technological designs, pleasant smells and flavors or absence of them and how easy it can be to hide them and consume them in places where it is forbidden to do. So, many young people and adolescents who had not used nicotine before, now do. There is a knowledge gap about ENDS, therefore they can affect the work has been done for decades in reducing nicotine consumption among young people and be the gateway to the consumption of cigarettes or other substances (marijuana).","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42026491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000270
M. Naeim, A. Rezaeisharif
Background: Nowadays, because of the increasing prevalence of addiction in society, there are many costs involved in treating addicts and returning them to normal lives. This will not be possible except in new and effective ways. Objectives: This study aimed to compare emotional intelligence, attachment style, and mental health in addicted and healthy individuals. Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria, available sampling method, and semistructured interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, 100 addicted men were selected and after matching with 100 nonaddicted men by, Extracurricular Vein Scale (TMMS), light questionnaire Adult Attachment Style (AAS), and the Goldenberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were assessed. Results: The results showed that in all 3 components of attention, differentiation, and mood reconstruction of emotional intelligence, addicted people scored lower than the nonaddicted group. The results showed that in the secure attachment style, the mean scores of the nonaddicted group are higher than the addicted group, while in the avoidant insecure style and ambivalent anxiety style, addicted men are significantly higher than nonaddicted men. Also, in all components of mental health, the nonaddicted group obtained higher scores compared with addicted people. Conclusions: Psychological correlations of emotional intelligence, adult attachment style, and mental health are important risk factors for the phenomenon of drug addiction and have many practical implications for preventive interventions and treatment of abusive behaviors.
{"title":"Comparison of Emotional Intelligence, Attachment Style, and Mental Health in Addicted and Nonaddicted People","authors":"M. Naeim, A. Rezaeisharif","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nowadays, because of the increasing prevalence of addiction in society, there are many costs involved in treating addicts and returning them to normal lives. This will not be possible except in new and effective ways. Objectives: This study aimed to compare emotional intelligence, attachment style, and mental health in addicted and healthy individuals. Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria, available sampling method, and semistructured interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, 100 addicted men were selected and after matching with 100 nonaddicted men by, Extracurricular Vein Scale (TMMS), light questionnaire Adult Attachment Style (AAS), and the Goldenberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were assessed. Results: The results showed that in all 3 components of attention, differentiation, and mood reconstruction of emotional intelligence, addicted people scored lower than the nonaddicted group. The results showed that in the secure attachment style, the mean scores of the nonaddicted group are higher than the addicted group, while in the avoidant insecure style and ambivalent anxiety style, addicted men are significantly higher than nonaddicted men. Also, in all components of mental health, the nonaddicted group obtained higher scores compared with addicted people. Conclusions: Psychological correlations of emotional intelligence, adult attachment style, and mental health are important risk factors for the phenomenon of drug addiction and have many practical implications for preventive interventions and treatment of abusive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000273
R. A. Bosso, Ariadne Ribeiro, A. P. Basqueira, Marcelo T. de Lima, Juliano P. dos Santos, L. O. Perrenoud, M. Ribeiro
The use of psychoactive substances is associated with physical and psychological damage, especially among people in situations of high social vulnerability. Housing programs can provide integrated care to people exposed to social determinants of health. This longitudinal study with residents of a recovery house (N=164, maximum stay of 6 mo) investigated substance use, employment, and housing status. The mean length of stay was 144 days (SD=76.8 d), and most residents had been working for at least 4 consecutive months (n=96; 58.5%); 74.4% of the residents received therapeutic discharge and more than half returned to a stable form of residence. Multivariate analysis showed that previous alcohol use was independently associated with working status [odds ratio (OR)=2.29, 95%; confidence interval (CI), 1.00-5.20, P=0.048]. In a multinomial logistic regression model using treatment length as reference, being currently employed (95% CI, 8.74-62.37, P=0.010), and previous history of nonalcohol use (95% CI, 71.59-5.83, P=0.021) were both associated with longer stay in the recovery house. Housing services can provide effective support for substance use recovery, and our findings highlight the need for integrating health and social care strategies.
{"title":"Recovery Housing Program for Drug Addicts: Work Patterns, Substance Abuse, and Housing Situation After a 6-Month Follow-up","authors":"R. A. Bosso, Ariadne Ribeiro, A. P. Basqueira, Marcelo T. de Lima, Juliano P. dos Santos, L. O. Perrenoud, M. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000273","url":null,"abstract":"The use of psychoactive substances is associated with physical and psychological damage, especially among people in situations of high social vulnerability. Housing programs can provide integrated care to people exposed to social determinants of health. This longitudinal study with residents of a recovery house (N=164, maximum stay of 6 mo) investigated substance use, employment, and housing status. The mean length of stay was 144 days (SD=76.8 d), and most residents had been working for at least 4 consecutive months (n=96; 58.5%); 74.4% of the residents received therapeutic discharge and more than half returned to a stable form of residence. Multivariate analysis showed that previous alcohol use was independently associated with working status [odds ratio (OR)=2.29, 95%; confidence interval (CI), 1.00-5.20, P=0.048]. In a multinomial logistic regression model using treatment length as reference, being currently employed (95% CI, 8.74-62.37, P=0.010), and previous history of nonalcohol use (95% CI, 71.59-5.83, P=0.021) were both associated with longer stay in the recovery house. Housing services can provide effective support for substance use recovery, and our findings highlight the need for integrating health and social care strategies.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000269
A. Kamran, Azim Malekpour, M. Naeim
The psychosocial consequences of the coronavirus pandemic is serious for health professionals including nurses because of a higher level of exposure. Nurses often face huge psychological pressure as a result of workload, long hours, and working in a high-risk environment. This study aimed to assess the associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress among nurses working in Iran. The research method is library type which was done during 2 months by using valid scientific sources and books. More than two-thirds, more than half, and nearly one-fifth of the nurses had anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively. Unavailability of a guideline, fear of infecting family, and having chronic diseases increase the risk of developing anxiety. Nurses who did not have a guideline, received negative feedback from families, had a history of mental disorders, and chronic diseases have a higher odds of depression. Working in the night shift, lack of training, fear of infecting family, negative feedback from families, presence of confirmed/suspected cases in the family, and having chronic diseases increases the risk of developing stress.
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