Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000292
M. Nawara, M. H. E. abd el moneam, H. Elkholy, M. Elhabiby, M. Rabie, Gihan M. ELNahas
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases the likelihood of smoking cessation after 6 months of treatment Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial is conducted by enrolling 54 tobacco users divided into 2 equal groups; one group receiving active rTMS and the other group receiving a sham rTMS. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment for abstinence using the Nicotine Use Inventory, cigarette consumption, cravings by Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12. Results: Fifty-four subjects received the full intervention and were analyzed. Carbon monoxide was significantly less in the study group after the last treatment session. At week 24, the percentage of point prevalence abstinent subjects was 25.9% in the active group and 18.5% in the sham group, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12 measures at different time points showed a statistically significant decrease in emotionality, expectancy, and purposefulness measures. However, this appears to be due to the effect of time, not treatment. Treatment response was higher in the study group, yet the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In a study that simulates real-life conditions in Egyptian smokers, 6 sessions of high-frequency active rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not produce a statistically significant increase in abstinence over sham rTMS at the same site. However, an effect on carbon monoxide measures and treatment response warrants further research.
{"title":"A Clinical Trial to Assess the Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Smoking Cessation in an Egyptian Sample","authors":"M. Nawara, M. H. E. abd el moneam, H. Elkholy, M. Elhabiby, M. Rabie, Gihan M. ELNahas","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000292","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases the likelihood of smoking cessation after 6 months of treatment Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial is conducted by enrolling 54 tobacco users divided into 2 equal groups; one group receiving active rTMS and the other group receiving a sham rTMS. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment for abstinence using the Nicotine Use Inventory, cigarette consumption, cravings by Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12. Results: Fifty-four subjects received the full intervention and were analyzed. Carbon monoxide was significantly less in the study group after the last treatment session. At week 24, the percentage of point prevalence abstinent subjects was 25.9% in the active group and 18.5% in the sham group, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12 measures at different time points showed a statistically significant decrease in emotionality, expectancy, and purposefulness measures. However, this appears to be due to the effect of time, not treatment. Treatment response was higher in the study group, yet the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In a study that simulates real-life conditions in Egyptian smokers, 6 sessions of high-frequency active rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not produce a statistically significant increase in abstinence over sham rTMS at the same site. However, an effect on carbon monoxide measures and treatment response warrants further research.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000288
I. Ifdil, R. P. Fadli, I. B. Rangka, K. Suranata, D. Situmorang
{"title":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Symptoms, Negative Effects, and Other Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal","authors":"I. Ifdil, R. P. Fadli, I. B. Rangka, K. Suranata, D. Situmorang","doi":"10.1097/adt.0000000000000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000287
Robert Rymowicz, T. Tsuang
Introduction: Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a rarely diagnosed disorder characterized by continuous sensory disturbances following the use of hallucinogenic substances. Its cause remains unknown, and treatments remain elusive, although previous case reports have detailed attempts at treatment with a variety of psychoactive medications. No previous case reports have discussed the emergence of HPPD following dextromethorphan use, or its treatment with ropinirole. Case: We present the case of a 20-year-old male who developed HPPD after repeated recreational dextromethorphan use at supratherapeutic dosages, leading to the acute onset of visual snow, motional trails, the persistence of afterimages, the perception of halos around lights, tinnitus, and depersonalization and derealization. The client found these symptoms to be greatly distressing, and he had worsening of symptoms when treated with antipsychotic medications. After he was treated with lamotrigine and clonazepam, he had some improvement of symptoms. To treat additional visual symptoms, the patient was given ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, which made him feel better with less visual disturbances. Ultimately he had to discontinue all medications due to intolerability to side effects. Conclusions: The lack of effective treatments for HPPD and a general lack of awareness among patients and providers leads to underdiagnosis and incorrect management. Ropinirole may offer a novel treatment for patients with HPPD, and more research is needed to determine the suitability of dopamine agonists in the treatment for HPPD.
{"title":"Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Following Recreational Dextromethorphan Use","authors":"Robert Rymowicz, T. Tsuang","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000287","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a rarely diagnosed disorder characterized by continuous sensory disturbances following the use of hallucinogenic substances. Its cause remains unknown, and treatments remain elusive, although previous case reports have detailed attempts at treatment with a variety of psychoactive medications. No previous case reports have discussed the emergence of HPPD following dextromethorphan use, or its treatment with ropinirole. Case: We present the case of a 20-year-old male who developed HPPD after repeated recreational dextromethorphan use at supratherapeutic dosages, leading to the acute onset of visual snow, motional trails, the persistence of afterimages, the perception of halos around lights, tinnitus, and depersonalization and derealization. The client found these symptoms to be greatly distressing, and he had worsening of symptoms when treated with antipsychotic medications. After he was treated with lamotrigine and clonazepam, he had some improvement of symptoms. To treat additional visual symptoms, the patient was given ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, which made him feel better with less visual disturbances. Ultimately he had to discontinue all medications due to intolerability to side effects. Conclusions: The lack of effective treatments for HPPD and a general lack of awareness among patients and providers leads to underdiagnosis and incorrect management. Ropinirole may offer a novel treatment for patients with HPPD, and more research is needed to determine the suitability of dopamine agonists in the treatment for HPPD.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45019468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000290
Ayman Fareed, Mohammed Fareed
To the Editor: In a previous commentary, we explained the corona virus disease (COVID19) infection control plan used in our residential substance use disorder (SUD) program. At Mount Sinai, an SUD residential facility located in Dahlonega, Georgia, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines were used as a foundation for building a strong infection control plan to help ensure a safe environment for our patients and staff. The COVID-19 infection mitigation plan helped the facility to contain the infection to a great extent as evidenced by the infection percentage rate. Themain goal of this plan was to reduce the risk of person-to-person exposure which may lead to a wide spread of the infection on campus. The plan was focused on multiple screening processes before and after arriving on campus for all newadmissions and employees. All positive cases were isolated in a timely manner to contain the infection and reduce its spread to others. All exposed individuals on campus were tested immediately and sometimes we tested all clients on campus because of having more than 1 positive case. We reported previously that the number of COVID-19 cases in the United States in August 2020 was over 5.5 million and the death rate was over 170,000. Since that report, COVID-19 cases continued to grow in the United States and internationally. As of February 2021, the number of COVID-19 cases in United States is over 28 million and the current death rate is over 508,000. Therefore, there was a need to review and update the infection control plan to use more resources to help in the mitigation of COVID-19 in this residential SUD setting. Since our initial report in August 2020, the facility has applied 2 major revisions to improve the outcome of the infection control plan. First, the facility decided to utilize the antigenbased testing instead of the COVID-19 antibody testing. Second, the facility applied and was granted to be a vaccine site for administering COVID-19 vaccine supplied by the State Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for antigen-based tests. These tests are immunoassays that detect the presence of the COVID-19 virus in nasal swabs. They are considered point of care tests. One advantage of the antigen-based testing is its moderate sensitivity and high specificity rate. This makes it more reliable compared with the bloodbased antibody testing previously used. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is still the most reliable with high sensitivity and high specificity rate but PCR tests should only be used as the confirmatory test to provide definitive answers for any suspected infection. The FDA has also granted EUA for 2 vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. Both vaccines need 2 doses to provide full immunity. Per CDC website, evidence from clinical trials showed that Moderna va
{"title":"Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Substance Use Disorder Residential Settings","authors":"Ayman Fareed, Mohammed Fareed","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: In a previous commentary, we explained the corona virus disease (COVID19) infection control plan used in our residential substance use disorder (SUD) program. At Mount Sinai, an SUD residential facility located in Dahlonega, Georgia, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines were used as a foundation for building a strong infection control plan to help ensure a safe environment for our patients and staff. The COVID-19 infection mitigation plan helped the facility to contain the infection to a great extent as evidenced by the infection percentage rate. Themain goal of this plan was to reduce the risk of person-to-person exposure which may lead to a wide spread of the infection on campus. The plan was focused on multiple screening processes before and after arriving on campus for all newadmissions and employees. All positive cases were isolated in a timely manner to contain the infection and reduce its spread to others. All exposed individuals on campus were tested immediately and sometimes we tested all clients on campus because of having more than 1 positive case. We reported previously that the number of COVID-19 cases in the United States in August 2020 was over 5.5 million and the death rate was over 170,000. Since that report, COVID-19 cases continued to grow in the United States and internationally. As of February 2021, the number of COVID-19 cases in United States is over 28 million and the current death rate is over 508,000. Therefore, there was a need to review and update the infection control plan to use more resources to help in the mitigation of COVID-19 in this residential SUD setting. Since our initial report in August 2020, the facility has applied 2 major revisions to improve the outcome of the infection control plan. First, the facility decided to utilize the antigenbased testing instead of the COVID-19 antibody testing. Second, the facility applied and was granted to be a vaccine site for administering COVID-19 vaccine supplied by the State Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for antigen-based tests. These tests are immunoassays that detect the presence of the COVID-19 virus in nasal swabs. They are considered point of care tests. One advantage of the antigen-based testing is its moderate sensitivity and high specificity rate. This makes it more reliable compared with the bloodbased antibody testing previously used. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is still the most reliable with high sensitivity and high specificity rate but PCR tests should only be used as the confirmatory test to provide definitive answers for any suspected infection. The FDA has also granted EUA for 2 vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. Both vaccines need 2 doses to provide full immunity. Per CDC website, evidence from clinical trials showed that Moderna va","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000286
N. Nagy, M. Elhabiby, Nesreen Mohsen, L. A. Ismail, Samar Farouk
Objectives: Recently, there has been an obvious increase in the synthetic cannabinoid abuse that can cause severe toxicity and major physical and psychological consequences. Here we have assessed the impacts of synthetic cannabinoids intake on induction of seizures and on electroencephalographic activity, allowing for exploration of one of the physical hazards that might associate synthetic cannabinoids use helping for better management. Methods: Forty male patients using synthetic cannabinoids and 40 nonusing males were registered in this work. All individuals were determined via a detailed history of substance use and diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases version 11 as synthetic cannabinoid use disorders, detailed history of seizures from close relatives who witnessed seizure occurrence and its correlation with the last dose of synthetic cannabinoid use and then investigated by long-term electroencephalograph. Results: Seizures were considerably more common in the synthetic cannabinoid using group than in the nonusing group, with the main presenting event in the form of the generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Seizures occurred within 15 minutes of intake in 81.8% of patients. Long-term electroencephalography showed electroencephalographic changes in 45% of cases using synthetic cannabinoids that were statistically more significant than in the nonusing group (2.5%), with the most prominent electroencephalographic change in the form of left frontal focus in 22.5% of cases. Conclusion: Synthetic cannabinoid usage has been linked to seizure induction and has been shown to alter electroencephalographic activity.
{"title":"Relation Between Acute Administration of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Induction of Epileptic Seizures","authors":"N. Nagy, M. Elhabiby, Nesreen Mohsen, L. A. Ismail, Samar Farouk","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000286","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Recently, there has been an obvious increase in the synthetic cannabinoid abuse that can cause severe toxicity and major physical and psychological consequences. Here we have assessed the impacts of synthetic cannabinoids intake on induction of seizures and on electroencephalographic activity, allowing for exploration of one of the physical hazards that might associate synthetic cannabinoids use helping for better management. Methods: Forty male patients using synthetic cannabinoids and 40 nonusing males were registered in this work. All individuals were determined via a detailed history of substance use and diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases version 11 as synthetic cannabinoid use disorders, detailed history of seizures from close relatives who witnessed seizure occurrence and its correlation with the last dose of synthetic cannabinoid use and then investigated by long-term electroencephalograph. Results: Seizures were considerably more common in the synthetic cannabinoid using group than in the nonusing group, with the main presenting event in the form of the generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Seizures occurred within 15 minutes of intake in 81.8% of patients. Long-term electroencephalography showed electroencephalographic changes in 45% of cases using synthetic cannabinoids that were statistically more significant than in the nonusing group (2.5%), with the most prominent electroencephalographic change in the form of left frontal focus in 22.5% of cases. Conclusion: Synthetic cannabinoid usage has been linked to seizure induction and has been shown to alter electroencephalographic activity.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48444772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000284
Z. Seifi, M. Ghodsi, Vahid Savabi Niri, Fardad Didar
The use of addictive substances as a social issue has raised many concerns at various levels of human societies. In this, the tendency to addictive substances in adolescent girls as mothers of the next generation is worrying. The purpose of this review was to identify the factors of the tendency to use addictive substances among adolescent girls and to explain the contexts, contexts, and the role of the main and effective variables on the tendency to use addictive substances. During the past years, several studies have been conducted in Iran in the field of etiology and prevention of drug use. Planning is necessary to promote future research activities, evaluate and categorize the scientifically produced results of the past decades regarding the adolescent girl population. This study suggests a clear perspective for specialists and therapists to identify the threatening and predisposing factors for the treatment of addictive substance abuse in adolescent girls and, if necessary, appropriate interventions.
{"title":"Factors Causing the Tendency to Abuse Addictive Substances in Adolescent Girls","authors":"Z. Seifi, M. Ghodsi, Vahid Savabi Niri, Fardad Didar","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000284","url":null,"abstract":"The use of addictive substances as a social issue has raised many concerns at various levels of human societies. In this, the tendency to addictive substances in adolescent girls as mothers of the next generation is worrying. The purpose of this review was to identify the factors of the tendency to use addictive substances among adolescent girls and to explain the contexts, contexts, and the role of the main and effective variables on the tendency to use addictive substances. During the past years, several studies have been conducted in Iran in the field of etiology and prevention of drug use. Planning is necessary to promote future research activities, evaluate and categorize the scientifically produced results of the past decades regarding the adolescent girl population. This study suggests a clear perspective for specialists and therapists to identify the threatening and predisposing factors for the treatment of addictive substance abuse in adolescent girls and, if necessary, appropriate interventions.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49531128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000283
R. R. Garifullin
Objectives: Semantic structures, sense-bearing elements, and values of a personality have been widely recognized as important factors in the treatment of patients with drug addiction. This research aims to enhance our understanding of transformations that occur in the system of values of drug-dependent patients, and to identify the values that need to be corrected during drug addiction psychotherapy. Methods: The values of 220 male patients with drug addiction aged between 20 and 60 years were studied by analyzing their verbal reactions and emotions expressed during conversations and by neurolinguistic programming. Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that patients with drug addiction have basic values (learned during the normal life experience) that give way to values associated with the drug addiction experience, which is, however, simply gained and not lived through. Their system of values centers on drugs and drug intoxication. In this research, drug addiction was viewed from the perspective of the semantic (sense-based) approach, which made it possible to develop some recommendations for effective psychotherapy of individuals with drug addiction based on their semantic structures. Conclusion: The psychotherapy of patients with drug addiction becomes effective when they are provided with a key value, that is, a value of their life experience, that is strong enough to replace the values of their drug-related experience.
{"title":"Understanding How Semantic Structures of Individuals With Drug Addiction Transform As a Key to Effective Psychotherapy","authors":"R. R. Garifullin","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000283","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Semantic structures, sense-bearing elements, and values of a personality have been widely recognized as important factors in the treatment of patients with drug addiction. This research aims to enhance our understanding of transformations that occur in the system of values of drug-dependent patients, and to identify the values that need to be corrected during drug addiction psychotherapy. Methods: The values of 220 male patients with drug addiction aged between 20 and 60 years were studied by analyzing their verbal reactions and emotions expressed during conversations and by neurolinguistic programming. Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that patients with drug addiction have basic values (learned during the normal life experience) that give way to values associated with the drug addiction experience, which is, however, simply gained and not lived through. Their system of values centers on drugs and drug intoxication. In this research, drug addiction was viewed from the perspective of the semantic (sense-based) approach, which made it possible to develop some recommendations for effective psychotherapy of individuals with drug addiction based on their semantic structures. Conclusion: The psychotherapy of patients with drug addiction becomes effective when they are provided with a key value, that is, a value of their life experience, that is strong enough to replace the values of their drug-related experience.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43884483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000281
Ç. Turan, E. Yazıcı, A. Yazıcı, Atila Erol
Objectives: Current treatment methods in alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs) cannot meet the demands of patients for many reasons. This situation may result in individuals with addiction seeking different approaches. This study aims to investigate nondrug methods used by individuals with ASUD to cope with their disorder and the factors that may be associated with it. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 103 volunteer patients who presented to a Training and Research Hospital alcohol substance treatment center. In the study, the God Attachment Inventory, the Addiction Profile Index-Practitioner Form, and the Non-Drug Treatment Questionnaire were used, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-2) psychiatric interviews were conducted. Result: In individuals with addiction, the rate of seeking any nondrug method was found to be 33%. To get rid of addiction, turning to religion was mostly preferred (24.3%). In terms of subheadings, self-help methods such as praying (17.4%) and engaging in sports (6.7%) were the most preferred. No relationship was found between the patients’ attachment style to God and personality disorder diagnoses and the frequency of seeking nondrug methods and the type of nondrug method. It has been found that there is a relationship between the severity of addiction and the use of nondrug methods. Conclusions: In addition to the medical approaches of patients with ASUD problems, it is observed that they attempt to cope using traditional and complementary methods and prefer the self-help methods among these methods. However, further studies are needed to investigate the contribution of these methods to current treatment methods.
{"title":"Nondrug Treatment Approaches Used in Alcohol and Substance Addictions and Related Factors","authors":"Ç. Turan, E. Yazıcı, A. Yazıcı, Atila Erol","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000281","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Current treatment methods in alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs) cannot meet the demands of patients for many reasons. This situation may result in individuals with addiction seeking different approaches. This study aims to investigate nondrug methods used by individuals with ASUD to cope with their disorder and the factors that may be associated with it. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 103 volunteer patients who presented to a Training and Research Hospital alcohol substance treatment center. In the study, the God Attachment Inventory, the Addiction Profile Index-Practitioner Form, and the Non-Drug Treatment Questionnaire were used, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-2) psychiatric interviews were conducted. Result: In individuals with addiction, the rate of seeking any nondrug method was found to be 33%. To get rid of addiction, turning to religion was mostly preferred (24.3%). In terms of subheadings, self-help methods such as praying (17.4%) and engaging in sports (6.7%) were the most preferred. No relationship was found between the patients’ attachment style to God and personality disorder diagnoses and the frequency of seeking nondrug methods and the type of nondrug method. It has been found that there is a relationship between the severity of addiction and the use of nondrug methods. Conclusions: In addition to the medical approaches of patients with ASUD problems, it is observed that they attempt to cope using traditional and complementary methods and prefer the self-help methods among these methods. However, further studies are needed to investigate the contribution of these methods to current treatment methods.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000282
S. Amiri, S. Saadat
Objectives: Smoking is a well-known factor in the negative health outcomes worldwide. This study aims to determine the smoking prevalence and relapse in women in the postpartum period based on the meta-analysis method. Methods: The steps provided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. According to keywords extracted by authors, 3 sources were searched until April 2020. To analyze the prevalence of smoking and relapse, the size of the sample and the event were calculated for eligible studies, and then the prevalence was calculated. Heterogeneity for all analyses and subgroups was investigated. Result: Forty articles were eligible for evaluation of the prevalence of smoking and smoking relapse in the postpartum period. The pooled prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse was 30%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 26%-34% and I 2=99.5%. The prevalence of smoking was 19% (CI=15%-22%, I 2=98.86%) and the prevalence of smoking relapse was 46% (CI=39%-54%, I 2=98.86%). The prevalence of 6-month postpartum smoking/smoking relapse was 29% (CI=23%-34%, I 2=99.42%). The prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse between 6 and 18 months was 31% (CI=24%-39%, I 2=99.51%). Discussion: Due to the role of smoking in disease and predisposing individuals to various diseases, and the prevalence of smoking and relapse in the postpartum period, it is necessary to develop prevention and awareness programs in this respect.
{"title":"Smoking and Smoking Relapse in Postpartum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"S. Amiri, S. Saadat","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000282","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Smoking is a well-known factor in the negative health outcomes worldwide. This study aims to determine the smoking prevalence and relapse in women in the postpartum period based on the meta-analysis method. Methods: The steps provided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. According to keywords extracted by authors, 3 sources were searched until April 2020. To analyze the prevalence of smoking and relapse, the size of the sample and the event were calculated for eligible studies, and then the prevalence was calculated. Heterogeneity for all analyses and subgroups was investigated. Result: Forty articles were eligible for evaluation of the prevalence of smoking and smoking relapse in the postpartum period. The pooled prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse was 30%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 26%-34% and I 2=99.5%. The prevalence of smoking was 19% (CI=15%-22%, I 2=98.86%) and the prevalence of smoking relapse was 46% (CI=39%-54%, I 2=98.86%). The prevalence of 6-month postpartum smoking/smoking relapse was 29% (CI=23%-34%, I 2=99.42%). The prevalence of smoking/smoking relapse between 6 and 18 months was 31% (CI=24%-39%, I 2=99.51%). Discussion: Due to the role of smoking in disease and predisposing individuals to various diseases, and the prevalence of smoking and relapse in the postpartum period, it is necessary to develop prevention and awareness programs in this respect.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000276
A. Rezaei, M. Naeim, R. Asadi, Fardad D.T.M. Ardebil, M. Bayat, K. Khoshroo
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of emotional intelligence, resilience, and personality traits in addiction potential of students at Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The study population consisted of students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, of which 200 participants were selected using cluster sampling and filled out the following questionnaires: EI Schutte, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Iranian Addiction Potential Scale. The research design was correlational and data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed a significant negative correlation between resilience and addiction potential and significant negative relationship between components of emotional intelligence and addiction potential. Among the personality traits, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience were significantly negatively correlated with addiction potential. However, there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and addiction potential. Optimism/emotional regulation, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and appraisal of emotions can predict addiction potential and, in total, explain 48% of the variance in addiction potential. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a relationship between personality traits, emotional intelligence, and resilience with addiction potential. On the basis of regression analysis results, it is recommended that to reduce addiction potential, instead of investing on all the mentioned variables, to mainly focus on the variables of optimism/emotion regulation, contentiousness, neuroticism and appraisal of emotions, so that a reduction in addiction potential can be achieved with less time and lower cost.
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