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Introduction of a new flexible human resources planning system based on digital twin approach: A case study 基于数字孪生方法的新型灵活人力资源规划系统的介绍:一个案例研究
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-37281
Michal Pivnička, D. Hrušecká, Lucie Hrbackova
Digital twin technology has become one of the key directions of intelligent manufacturing with a strong relationship to product lifecycle management. It contributes to increasing efficiency and flexibility in solving highly complex problems in constantly changing conditions. However, many circumstances make the real implementation of effective scenarios generated by simulation software tools difficult. One of them are rigid working schedules that complicate flexible human resources planning in accordance with optimal production and logistics plans. This article aims to examine the role of the digital factory twin in advanced human resources planning. Using the case study method, a solution for better coordination of internal logistics processes and utilization of logistics staff based on discrete-event simulation is presented. Several scenarios were tested and results showed the inevitability of using flexible working schedules for maximum utilization of logistics staff. The purpose of this study is not only to show one special case of one company, but to emphasize the potential of these software tools to achieve long-term synergies in coordinating logistics, production and human resources management activities. As a result of this study, an extended physical-digitalphysical loop model is presented. This extension consists in adding the second loop including communication with HR portal.
数字孪生技术与产品生命周期管理密切相关,已成为智能制造的关键方向之一。它有助于在不断变化的条件下提高解决高度复杂问题的效率和灵活性。然而,许多情况使得仿真软件工具生成的有效场景难以真正实现。其中之一是严格的工作时间表,这使得根据最佳生产和物流计划进行灵活的人力资源规划变得复杂。本文旨在探讨数字孪生工厂在高级人力资源规划中的作用。采用案例研究的方法,提出了一种基于离散事件仿真的内部物流流程协调和物流人员利用的解决方案。对几个场景进行了测试,结果表明,为了最大限度地利用后勤人员,使用灵活的工作时间表是不可避免的。本研究的目的不仅是展示一家公司的一个特殊案例,而是强调这些软件工具在协调物流、生产和人力资源管理活动方面实现长期协同效应的潜力。在此基础上,提出了一种扩展的物理-数字物理环路模型。此扩展包括添加第二个循环,包括与HR门户的通信。
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引用次数: 2
Barriers of new technology introduction and disadvantages of industry 4.0 for industrial enterprises 工业企业新技术引进的障碍和工业4.0的弊端
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-30453
Martin Pech, D. Vaněček
The rise of new technologies known as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), brings a transformation that makes it possible to produce and manufacture products on machines through robots in modern smart factories. Industry 4.0 will increase productivity, quality of goods, foster industrial growth, and modify the profile of the workforce and required competences. However, such benefits and advantages should be assessed in light of potential barriers and negative consequences. The paper deals with the barriers of new technology introduction and main disadvantages of Industry 4.0. Based on questionnaire research in 217 industrial enterprises, the differences between enterprises according to their size and technological intensity are analysed. The main barriers of technology introduction and Industry 4.0 disadvantages are lack of funds, high costs, production process optimization and high investment need. The research confirmed only small differences in managers' preferences of Industry 4.0 technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages according to the enterprise size. The technological intensity was important only partly in case of perception of Industry 4.0 disadvantages. The key contributions of this work are promising results for a better understanding of technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages.
被称为第四次工业革命(工业4.0)的新技术的兴起带来了一场变革,使现代智能工厂中的机器人能够在机器上生产和制造产品。工业4.0将提高生产率和产品质量,促进工业增长,并改变劳动力的特征和所需的能力。但是,应该根据潜在的障碍和消极后果来评估这些好处和优势。本文讨论了新技术引入的障碍和工业4.0的主要缺点。通过对217家工业企业的问卷调查,分析了不同规模、不同技术强度企业之间的差异。技术引进的主要障碍和工业4.0的劣势是资金不足、成本高、生产流程优化和投资需求大。研究证实,根据企业规模不同,管理者对工业4.0技术壁垒和工业4.0劣势的偏好差异不大。技术强度只是在工业4.0缺点的情况下部分重要。这项工作的主要贡献是有希望的结果,有助于更好地理解技术壁垒和工业4.0的缺点。
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引用次数: 2
Determinants of the development of multi-level marketing in Poland in the context of differences between generations X, Y, Z 决定因素的发展多层次营销在波兰的背景下的差异代X, Y, Z
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-40532
Aron-Axel Wadlewski
The main purpose of the article is an attempt to assess the development potential of Multi Level Marketing in Poland, considering differences in perception of the system by different generations. In the theoretical part of the article, the essence of the concept of Multi Level Marketing is explained, market trends in the development of direct selling are presented, and the characteristics of generations X, Y, and Z are described. Then, according to the empirical part of the paper, the results of surveys on the differences in the perception of Multi Level Marketing by Polish representatives of generations X, Y, and Z are presented. In the last part, based on the analysis of the collected data, conclusions were formulated concerning further development perspectives of the direct selling branch.
本文的主要目的是试图评估波兰多层次营销的发展潜力,考虑到不同世代对该系统的感知差异。在本文的理论部分,阐述了多层次营销概念的本质,介绍了直销发展的市场趋势,描述了X、Y、Z三代人的特点。然后,根据本文的实证部分,给出了对波兰X、Y、Z代代表对多层次营销感知差异的调查结果。最后,在对收集到的数据进行分析的基础上,对直销分公司的进一步发展前景进行了总结。
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引用次数: 2
The relationship between logistics and organizational performance in a supply chain context 供应链环境下物流与组织绩效的关系
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-37401
S. Aćimović, Veljko M. Mijušković, D. Markovic, Ana Todorović-Spasenić
The success of managing the distribution of goods, raw materials and the flow of information within a company directly determines the success in managing all operations along the supply chain. Supply chain performance has the status of one of the key organizational performance determinants, while logistics performance is an important determinant of the supply chain performance. The subject of this research is the analysis of impact of logistics performance on organizational performance, with special emphasis on supply chain management performance. Using the analysis of business practice of companies from the territory of the Republic of Serbia, the aim of the research is to crystallize the importance of logistics management for improving the determinants of organizational performance: supply chain management performance, marketing performance and financial performance. The results show that logistics performance is one of the key drivers of generating supply chain management goals, which is directly reflected in the improvement of all categories of organizational performance.
公司内部货物、原材料和信息流管理的成功直接决定了供应链上所有业务管理的成功。供应链绩效是组织绩效的关键决定因素之一,而物流绩效是供应链绩效的重要决定因素。本研究的主题是分析物流绩效对组织绩效的影响,特别强调供应链管理绩效。通过对塞尔维亚共和国境内公司的商业实践进行分析,本研究的目的是明确物流管理对改善组织绩效决定因素的重要性:供应链管理绩效、营销绩效和财务绩效。结果表明,物流绩效是产生供应链管理目标的关键驱动因素之一,这直接反映在组织绩效的所有类别的改进中。
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引用次数: 2
Awareness of industry 4.0 and its tools across the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria V4国家、塞尔维亚和保加利亚对工业4.0及其工具的认识
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-36472
A. Zaušková, A. Kusá, M. Kubovics, Simona Ščepková, R. Miklenčičová
The researched countries, which include the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria, are working to exploit the potential that digitization offers under the Industry 4.0 concept. The rise of Industry 4.0 has resulted in tools such as machine learning, big data, automation, and robotics. In the current environment, we observe it in almost every business entity and across the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria. Awareness of Industry 4.0 continues to grow in the current environment, precisely as a result of the expansion of Industry 4.0. The countries studied are taking Industry 4.0 tools to a new level. To obtain an up-to-date picture of the researched issue, our own questionnaire survey was used, which was used to examine and analyze the current level of Industry 4.0, and the results included in this paper can be compared with the results of the current level of Industry 4.0 in other countries. In order to obtain objective results from the questionnaire survey, five research areas were determined using five hypotheses. The main benefit of the paper lies in the interpretation of the results of the authors' scientific research, which point to the current level and rate of use of Industry 4.0 tools in the defined areas.
被研究的国家,包括V4国家、塞尔维亚和保加利亚,正在努力利用数字化在工业4.0概念下提供的潜力。工业4.0的兴起催生了机器学习、大数据、自动化和机器人等工具。在目前的环境中,我们在几乎所有的商业实体以及V4国家、塞尔维亚和保加利亚都观察到这一点。正是由于工业4.0的扩展,在当前环境下,对工业4.0的认识不断增强。所研究的国家正在将工业4.0工具提升到一个新的水平。为了获得所研究问题的最新情况,我们使用了自己的问卷调查,用来检查和分析目前的工业4.0水平,本文所包含的结果可以与其他国家目前工业4.0水平的结果进行比较。为了从问卷调查中获得客观的结果,使用五个假设确定了五个研究领域。本文的主要好处在于对作者的科学研究结果的解释,这些结果指出了工业4.0工具在定义领域的当前水平和使用率。
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引用次数: 2
Maintenance policy selection of n-component repairable system using Genetic Algorithm 基于遗传算法的n组分可修系统维修策略选择
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-28807
N. Srivastava, P. Kuila, N. Chatterjee, A. K. Subramani, Jan Akbar
A typical manufacturing system consists of a large number of repairable components/ machines which age with time and require maintenance. This paper proposes a novel maintenance policy selection method using genetic algorithm. Where, maintenance problem is formulated for n-component repairable system to minimize the total maintenance cost. The various maintenance policies and repairable components are represented in the form of chromosomes, initially various chromosomes are randomly generated which are then assessed and selected using fitness value and then crossover and mutation function is performed to obtain a better chromosome. Several iterations are performed till the desired results is achieved. The proposed algorithm is further explained and validated through an illustrative example.
典型的制造系统由大量可修复的部件/机器组成,这些部件/机器随着时间的推移而老化,需要维护。提出了一种新的基于遗传算法的维护策略选择方法。式中,以总维修成本最小为目标,为n部件可修系统制定维修问题。各种维护策略和可修复部件以染色体的形式表示,首先随机生成各种染色体,然后利用适应度值进行评估和选择,然后进行交叉和突变函数以获得更好的染色体。执行几次迭代,直到获得所需的结果。通过实例进一步说明和验证了所提出的算法。
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引用次数: 0
Decision making reflecting the fractalization of the society 决策反映了社会的支离破碎
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-31413
J. Kalina
Although the mainstream economic doctrine relies on the concept of equilibrium, the current society has been recently facing serious challenges. While we can experience a gradually rise of the ideals of the knowledge society, we hold the opinion that the society (and the economies worldwide as well) will have a fractal structure following models investigated by the chaos theory. This paper is focused on decision making especially in economic or managerial tasks and its transforms due to the paradigm shift towards a fractal society in disequilibrium economic conditions. Statistical and information-theoretical aspects of decision support are discussed and a decision making example from the field of credit risk management is analyzed and presented.
虽然主流经济学理论依赖于均衡的概念,但当前社会最近面临着严峻的挑战。虽然我们可以体验到知识社会理想的逐渐兴起,但我们认为社会(以及世界范围内的经济)将遵循混沌理论的模型呈现分形结构。本文的重点是决策,特别是在经济或管理任务和它的转变,由于范式转移到分形社会在非均衡的经济条件。讨论了决策支持的统计和信息理论方面,并分析了信用风险管理领域的一个决策实例。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the economic performance and competitiveness of the European Union countries 欧盟国家的经济表现和竞争力分析
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-31944
Milja Marčeta, Š. Bojnec
The main purpose of this study is to identify the dynamics of economic performance and competitiveness in the European Union (EU-28) countries and their convergences over the two periods, 2008-2015 and 2015-2019. The comparative analysis is used to answer the research question with applied the hierarchical cluster analysis, Ward's method, and t-test to test the set hypothesis. Eurostat and World Economic Forum data were used for the period 2008-2019. The empirical results confirmed our hypothesis that there are convergences in the key indicators of trade openness, exports as % of gross domestic product (GDP), market shares as % in world trade, GDP per capita, and global competitiveness index. The study contributes to the empirical analysis on the existence of convergences in a group of indicators of economic performance, trade openness, and global competitiveness of the EU-28 countries. The common clusters were formed, and the set hypothesis was tested regarding the convergences of the EU-28 countries by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Trade openness and export market shares in world trade, and competitiveness of EU28 countries are important for trade policies improving global competitiveness and improving convergences in the heterogeneity among the EU countries.
本研究的主要目的是确定欧盟(EU-28)国家在2008-2015年和2015-2019年两个时期的经济表现和竞争力的动态及其趋同。采用比较分析的方法回答研究问题,运用层次聚类分析、Ward’s方法和t检验对集合假设进行检验。欧盟统计局和世界经济论坛的数据用于2008-2019年期间。实证结果证实了我们的假设,即在贸易开放度、出口占国内生产总值(GDP)的百分比、市场份额占世界贸易的百分比、人均GDP和全球竞争力指数等关键指标上存在趋同。该研究有助于实证分析欧盟28国经济绩效、贸易开放和全球竞争力的一组指标是否存在趋同。形成共同聚类,并通过层次聚类分析对欧盟28国趋同的集合假设进行检验。贸易开放度、出口市场在世界贸易中的份额以及欧盟28国的竞争力对于提高全球竞争力和改善欧盟国家间异质性趋同的贸易政策具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 4
Environmental sustainability in digitalized SMEs: Comparative study from Poland and Serbia 数字化中小企业的环境可持续性:来自波兰和塞尔维亚的比较研究
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-36447
Danijela Voza, Aleksandra Szewieczek, Dariusz Grabara
Pandemic times and an increasing pace of sustainable development have accelerated the process of Industry 4.0 implementation. Digitalization is one of the key issues of Industry 4.0 development. The paper investigates an identified research gap on the perception of digitalization in terms of environmental goals and sustainability in the SME sector. The study features a comparative research design and examines the perception of digitalization in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland and Serbia. The study gathered 235 responses on the impact of Industry 4.0 and digitalization in SMEs on environmental issues and sustainable development. Findings revealed that digitalizing the company has a positive effect on reducing carbon emissions. However, statistically significant discrimination in reducing harmful emissions was found between Poland and Serbia. Provided research procedure further adds to the practical implication in finding carbon emissions as the most important issue in sustainable development in the SME sector.
大流行时代和不断加快的可持续发展步伐加快了工业4.0的实施进程。数字化是工业4.0发展的关键问题之一。本文调查了中小企业部门在环境目标和可持续性方面对数字化感知的研究差距。该研究采用比较研究设计,考察了波兰和塞尔维亚中小企业对数字化的看法。该研究收集了235份关于工业4.0和数字化对中小企业环境问题和可持续发展影响的回复。调查结果显示,公司数字化对减少碳排放具有积极作用。然而,波兰和塞尔维亚在减少有害排放方面存在显著的统计差异。所提供的研究程序进一步增加了将碳排放作为中小企业部门可持续发展中最重要问题的实际意义。
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引用次数: 1
Knowledge mapping of research on Industry 4.0: A visual analysis using CiteSpace 工业4.0研究的知识图谱:基于CiteSpace的可视化分析
IF 0.7 Q4 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/sjm17-36500
Anđelka Stojanović
This study aims to explore thematic networks in research of Industry 4.0 in recent years. The analysis presented in the paper is based on the data retrieved from the Web of Science about publications that included the terms "fourth industrial revolution" and "Industry 4.0" within the domain of business application. The research consisted of a general analysis of publications and a more detailed analysis conducted using CiteSpace. CiteSpace, one of the very popular visual analysis tools for mapping the scientific networks, was used to analyze extracted articles and identify existing networks, clusters, and most influential authors. The findings indicate that Industry 4.0 represents a well-developed research field with distinctive but complementary research topics and also points out the emerging research topics. The study results can be helpful in further research on Industry 4.0 and relating technologies because it indicates the direction of recent research development.
本研究旨在探讨近年来工业4.0研究中的主题网络。本文所做的分析是基于从Web of Science上检索到的关于商业应用领域中包含“第四次工业革命”和“工业4.0”术语的出版物的数据。该研究包括对出版物的一般分析和使用CiteSpace进行的更详细的分析。CiteSpace是一个非常流行的可视化分析工具,用于绘制科学网络,用于分析提取的文章并识别现有的网络、集群和最具影响力的作者。研究结果表明,工业4.0代表了一个发展良好的研究领域,具有鲜明而互补的研究课题,并指出了新兴的研究课题。研究结果指出了近期研究的发展方向,对工业4.0及相关技术的进一步研究有一定的帮助。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Serbian Journal of Management
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