Abstract In this paper we will show how Qurashī patrilines and marriage records can be statistically analysed to generate an estimate of the tribe’s size at the time of Muḥammad. By extension this will also give us an estimate for the population size of Mecca. We will begin by using the marriage data preserved in a genealogical work to identify a cohort of adult Qurashī male contemporaries of Muḥammad. We will then divide this cohort into men who had brothers versus those who did not. It will be shown that this ratio is exactly what we would expect if we were modelling a complete population and therefore it cannot be a sample. With this in place we can extrapolate the number of women and dependants that would have been linked to each man, giving us an estimate of the tribe’s size in the period. Supplementing this with selected historiographical data will give us the population size of Mecca. The resulting findings raise a series of questions concerning Qurashī origins that will then be addressed by applying a similar methodology to the eras before Muḥammad’s. This will illuminate the manner and timing of the emergence of the Quraysh as a distinct entity.
{"title":"The Population Size of Muḥammad’s Mecca and the Creation of the Quraysh","authors":"Majied Robinson","doi":"10.1515/islam-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper we will show how Qurashī patrilines and marriage records can be statistically analysed to generate an estimate of the tribe’s size at the time of Muḥammad. By extension this will also give us an estimate for the population size of Mecca. We will begin by using the marriage data preserved in a genealogical work to identify a cohort of adult Qurashī male contemporaries of Muḥammad. We will then divide this cohort into men who had brothers versus those who did not. It will be shown that this ratio is exactly what we would expect if we were modelling a complete population and therefore it cannot be a sample. With this in place we can extrapolate the number of women and dependants that would have been linked to each man, giving us an estimate of the tribe’s size in the period. Supplementing this with selected historiographical data will give us the population size of Mecca. The resulting findings raise a series of questions concerning Qurashī origins that will then be addressed by applying a similar methodology to the eras before Muḥammad’s. This will illuminate the manner and timing of the emergence of the Quraysh as a distinct entity.","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract At the end of the twentieth century, the Ayatollah Marʿashī Najafī Library (Qum) acquired a fourteenth-century manuscript of munshaʾāt previously held in a private collection. This composite multitext manuscript contains about two hundred letters sent by or to officials of the Rūm Saljūq sultanate in the thirteenth century. The letters include official (sulṭāniyyāt) and private (ikhwāniyyāt) correspondence as well as decrees of nomination (taqrīrāt al-manāṣib). They are all in Persian. This article is a first study of the codicological features, structure, and contents of this manuscript. It suggests a production process that unfolded in several stages over a period of seventy years, from the reign of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kay-Khusraw II (d. 644/1246) to the second decade of the fourteenth century. The Marʿashī manuscript expands considerably the volume of documents available on Saljūq Anatolia during the beginning of Mongol period. It is poised to become a major source on the political history of the period and will also help to understand the integration of Anatolia into the Persianate sphere.
在二十世纪末，阿亚图拉·马尔·阿什什·纳贾夫图书馆(库姆)获得了一份十四世纪的《蒙沙·拉》手稿āt，以前是私人收藏。这个复合的多文本手稿包含了大约200封由13世纪的Rūm Saljūq苏丹国官员发送或发给他们的信件。这些信件包括官方信件(sulṭāniyyāt)和私人信件(ikhwāniyyāt)，以及提名令(taqrīrāt al-manāṣib)。它们都是波斯语的。这篇文章是对这个手稿的法典特征、结构和内容的第一次研究。它表明，从Ghiyāth al- d n Kay-Khusraw II (d. 644/1246)统治到14世纪的第二个十年，在70年的时间里，一个生产过程分几个阶段展开。马尔阿什手稿大大扩展了蒙古时期初期Saljūq安纳托利亚的文献数量。它将成为这一时期政治史的主要资料来源，也将有助于理解安纳托利亚融入波斯领域的过程。
{"title":"A New Source on the Saljūqs of Rūm and their Persian Chancery: Manuscript 11136 of the Marʿashī Library (Qum)","authors":"David Durand-Guédy","doi":"10.1515/islam-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the end of the twentieth century, the Ayatollah Marʿashī Najafī Library (Qum) acquired a fourteenth-century manuscript of munshaʾāt previously held in a private collection. This composite multitext manuscript contains about two hundred letters sent by or to officials of the Rūm Saljūq sultanate in the thirteenth century. The letters include official (sulṭāniyyāt) and private (ikhwāniyyāt) correspondence as well as decrees of nomination (taqrīrāt al-manāṣib). They are all in Persian. This article is a first study of the codicological features, structure, and contents of this manuscript. It suggests a production process that unfolded in several stages over a period of seventy years, from the reign of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kay-Khusraw II (d. 644/1246) to the second decade of the fourteenth century. The Marʿashī manuscript expands considerably the volume of documents available on Saljūq Anatolia during the beginning of Mongol period. It is poised to become a major source on the political history of the period and will also help to understand the integration of Anatolia into the Persianate sphere.","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In much of the existing research concerning Aljamiado literature, we can observe attempts to assign individual texts or even the whole corpus unequivocally to a Spanish or Arabic/Islamic tradition. However, these attempts fail to adequately address the specificities of these texts and sometimes actively obscure important connections. This can be shown through an analysis of the Coplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón, a pilgrimage narrative in verse from the sixteenth century that has so far mostly been seen as a continuation of the Arabic riḥla. This paper provides an overview of the history, past research and editions, and poetical form of the text, as well as a proposed date for its production, followed by a detailed analysis concerning its possible function which serves as a basis for comparing it to pilgrimage narratives from the Arabic/Islamic tradition and its Spanish/Christian counterparts. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the Coplas have more in common with the latter than with Arabic riḥla texts. They can therefore be interpreted as a product of a cultural “contact zone” as defined by Mary Louise Pratt. Rather than merely trying to preserve their Islamic heritage and passively receiving Christian influence, Mudéjares and Moriscos actively participated in contemporary developments in Spanish literature and used them for their own ends.
在许多关于阿尔贾米亚文学的现有研究中，我们可以观察到将单个文本甚至整个语料库明确地分配给西班牙语或阿拉伯语/伊斯兰传统的尝试。然而，这些尝试未能充分处理这些文本的特殊性，有时还积极地模糊了重要的联系。这可以通过对copplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón的分析来证明，这是一篇16世纪的诗歌朝圣叙事，迄今为止主要被视为阿拉伯语riḥla的延续。本文概述了历史，过去的研究和版本，以及文本的诗歌形式，以及其制作日期，然后详细分析了其可能的功能，作为将其与阿拉伯/伊斯兰传统和西班牙/基督教对应的朝圣叙述进行比较的基础。与通常的假设相反，Coplas与后者比阿拉伯语riḥla文本有更多的共同之处。因此，它们可以被解释为玛丽·路易斯·普拉特(Mary Louise Pratt)定义的文化“接触区”的产物。穆德萨杰斯和摩里斯科人不是仅仅试图保存他们的伊斯兰遗产，被动地接受基督教的影响，而是积极参与西班牙文学的当代发展，并利用它们达到自己的目的。
{"title":"Aljamiado-Literatur als Kontaktphänomen. Die Coplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón im literaturhistorischen Kontext","authors":"Jens G. Fischer","doi":"10.1515/islam-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In much of the existing research concerning Aljamiado literature, we can observe attempts to assign individual texts or even the whole corpus unequivocally to a Spanish or Arabic/Islamic tradition. However, these attempts fail to adequately address the specificities of these texts and sometimes actively obscure important connections. This can be shown through an analysis of the Coplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón, a pilgrimage narrative in verse from the sixteenth century that has so far mostly been seen as a continuation of the Arabic riḥla. This paper provides an overview of the history, past research and editions, and poetical form of the text, as well as a proposed date for its production, followed by a detailed analysis concerning its possible function which serves as a basis for comparing it to pilgrimage narratives from the Arabic/Islamic tradition and its Spanish/Christian counterparts. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the Coplas have more in common with the latter than with Arabic riḥla texts. They can therefore be interpreted as a product of a cultural “contact zone” as defined by Mary Louise Pratt. Rather than merely trying to preserve their Islamic heritage and passively receiving Christian influence, Mudéjares and Moriscos actively participated in contemporary developments in Spanish literature and used them for their own ends.","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antonia Bosanquet, Minding their Place. Space and Religious Hierarchy in Ibn al-Qayyim’s Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma, Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2020, 442 S., ISBN 978-90-04-43796-8.","authors":"Stephan Kokew","doi":"10.1515/islam-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46750614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omid Ghaemmaghami, Encounters with the Hidden Imam in Early and Pre-Modern Twelver Shīʿī Islam. Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts. Volume 167. Brill: 2020, 1‒276 pp., ISBN: 978-90-04-34048-0 (hardback).","authors":"M. Salati","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gregor Schoeler, Arabische Handschriften. Teil 14: Arabische Foliobände der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Beschrieben von Gregor Schoeler. (VOHD Band XVII, B, 14), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2020, XVIII + 404 S. ISBN 978-3-515-12672-4.","authors":"R. Weipert","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Michal Biran, Jonathan Brack, and Francesca Fiaschetti (eds.), Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia. Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals, Oakland: University of California Press 2020, xiii + 338 pp., ISBN 9780520298743.","authors":"J. Paul","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41503866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1515/islam-2021-frontmatter2
{"title":"Titelseiten","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David Bramoullé, Les Fatimides et la mer (909‒1171), Leiden: Brill, 2019, XIV+762 pp., ISBN 978-9004402904.","authors":"A. Montel","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47154523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article is about a well-known anonymous folk story in the Malay-Indonesian world, called Hikayat Nabi Bercukur (“The Story of Prophet Shaving”), found in various different languages across the region. The only scholarly conjecture about its origin is based on the copy of a Malay manuscript held in Leiden which has been deliberately blackened and struck through by a reader who stated in the margin that the story is written by a Rāfiḍī and should not be believed. Although earlier scholars mentioned the title or the synopsis of this story in their works and bibliographical catalogues, the question “what is the origin of this story?” remained unanswered. In order to follow up on previous studies and to find an answer, this essay examines numerous original manuscripts and texts in various languages and provides a comparison between the Malay versions and their prototype. Also, to the best of my knowledge, the first edition and English translation of the prototype are presented.
摘要这篇文章是关于马来-印尼世界中一个著名的匿名民间故事，名为Hikayat Nabi Bercukur（“先知剃光头的故事”），在该地区以各种不同的语言出现。关于它的起源，唯一的学术猜测是基于一份保存在莱顿的马来手稿，该手稿被一位读者故意涂黑，并在页边空白处指出，这个故事是由一位Rāfi写的ḍī和不应被相信。尽管早期的学者在他们的著作和目录中提到了这个故事的标题或概要，但“这个故事的起源是什么？”这个问题仍然没有得到回答。为了跟进先前的研究并找到答案，本文考察了许多不同语言的原始手稿和文本，并对马来语版本及其原型进行了比较。此外，据我所知，还介绍了原型的第一版和英文翻译。
{"title":"The Prophet Shaving: Persians and the Origin of the Malay Hikayat Nabi Bercukur","authors":"M. Daneshgar","doi":"10.1515/islam-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is about a well-known anonymous folk story in the Malay-Indonesian world, called Hikayat Nabi Bercukur (“The Story of Prophet Shaving”), found in various different languages across the region. The only scholarly conjecture about its origin is based on the copy of a Malay manuscript held in Leiden which has been deliberately blackened and struck through by a reader who stated in the margin that the story is written by a Rāfiḍī and should not be believed. Although earlier scholars mentioned the title or the synopsis of this story in their works and bibliographical catalogues, the question “what is the origin of this story?” remained unanswered. In order to follow up on previous studies and to find an answer, this essay examines numerous original manuscripts and texts in various languages and provides a comparison between the Malay versions and their prototype. Also, to the best of my knowledge, the first edition and English translation of the prototype are presented.","PeriodicalId":44652,"journal":{"name":"ISLAM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DES ISLAMISCHEN ORIENTS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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