This work presents the design and experimental validation of a compact frequency reconfigurable coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a capability to on-demand reject WLAN frequencies within the range of 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz, specifically tailored for applications in microwave imaging. The design and experimental results are presented and discussed. The bandwidth enhancement is obtained by using T-shaped slots between the feedline and the ground plane of the antenna, and the WLAN band is rejected by using an open loop resonator (OLR) placed on the antenna backside. Switching between UWB with and without WLAN band-notched modes is performed using a PIN diode and a bias circuit. The simulation results corroborate well with the experimental data and clearly showed an interesting frequency reconfigurable behavior for use in microwave imaging applications. An antenna performance simulation and analysis model is presented for breast tumor detection, and the tumor effect has been noticed for both operating modes of the antenna.
{"title":"Compact CPW-fed Antenna with Controllable WLAN Band-rejection for Microwave Imaging","authors":"M. Mokhtari, R. Oussaid, A. Mansoul, M. Challal","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i2.2389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i2.2389","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the design and experimental validation of a compact frequency reconfigurable coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a capability to on-demand reject WLAN frequencies within the range of 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz, specifically tailored for applications in microwave imaging. The design and experimental results are presented and discussed. The bandwidth enhancement is obtained by using T-shaped slots between the feedline and the ground plane of the antenna, and the WLAN band is rejected by using an open loop resonator (OLR) placed on the antenna backside. Switching between UWB with and without WLAN band-notched modes is performed using a PIN diode and a bias circuit. The simulation results corroborate well with the experimental data and clearly showed an interesting frequency reconfigurable behavior for use in microwave imaging applications. An antenna performance simulation and analysis model is presented for breast tumor detection, and the tumor effect has been noticed for both operating modes of the antenna.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents the development, fabrication, and measurements of a new Ultra-wideband sensing multi-band frequency reconfigurable MIMO Active Integrated Antenna (AIA). The proposed antenna has two frequency reconfigured (switching element PIN diodes) planar inverted F-shape antennas (PIFA) using meandered line (ML) structures and a Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna. The Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna is integrated with 2x2 MIMO Meandered line PIFA elements for spectrum sensing. PIN diodes (BAR 6402V) are used to provide all digital switching on/off combination modes to attain frequency reconfigurability. Varactor diodes are used for tuning over the wide band. The proposed antenna senses a wide frequency band from 0.5GHz-3GHz and provides frequency reconfigurability over the five bands based on BARP6402V switching modes (0.78GHz-1.01GHz, 1.34GHz-1.62GHz, 1.85GHz-2.18GHz, 2.44GHz-2.67GHz, and 2.76GHz-2.80GHz). All the measured resultant performance parameters are compared with simulation software results. The antenna system is fabricated on an FR4 substrate of size 120mmX65mmX1.6mm. The proposed method used to achieve frequency reconfigurable ultra-wideband MIMO provides a high gain 6.15dBi at a frequency of 1.75GHz. The research also analyzed and investigated all 2x2 MIMO resultant parameters like Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Isolation coefficient, Envelope correlation Coefficients (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Multiplexing efficiency, etc. The proposed antenna is applicable for sensing, communication, & UWB sensing, and cognitive radio (CR) applications since it exhibits stable excellent gain and Omni-directional radiation pattern over the desired bands. Because of its reconfigurable nature, the same antenna also supports use in multiple general-purpose applications like GPS tracing, LTE, UMTS, GSM1800, rescue operation, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/ISM/WLAN, CDMA, etc applications.
{"title":"Dual Polarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Multi-Band Functioning","authors":"T. Vijetha, D. Ramakrishna, K. Bharath","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i2.2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i2.2244","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the development, fabrication, and measurements of a new Ultra-wideband sensing multi-band frequency reconfigurable MIMO Active Integrated Antenna (AIA). The proposed antenna has two frequency reconfigured (switching element PIN diodes) planar inverted F-shape antennas (PIFA) using meandered line (ML) structures and a Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna. The Mirror-shape UWB sensing antenna is integrated with 2x2 MIMO Meandered line PIFA elements for spectrum sensing. PIN diodes (BAR 6402V) are used to provide all digital switching on/off combination modes to attain frequency reconfigurability. Varactor diodes are used for tuning over the wide band. The proposed antenna senses a wide frequency band from 0.5GHz-3GHz and provides frequency reconfigurability over the five bands based on BARP6402V switching modes (0.78GHz-1.01GHz, 1.34GHz-1.62GHz, 1.85GHz-2.18GHz, 2.44GHz-2.67GHz, and 2.76GHz-2.80GHz). All the measured resultant performance parameters are compared with simulation software results. The antenna system is fabricated on an FR4 substrate of size 120mmX65mmX1.6mm. The proposed method used to achieve frequency reconfigurable ultra-wideband MIMO provides a high gain 6.15dBi at a frequency of 1.75GHz. The research also analyzed and investigated all 2x2 MIMO resultant parameters like Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Isolation coefficient, Envelope correlation Coefficients (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Multiplexing efficiency, etc. The proposed antenna is applicable for sensing, communication, & UWB sensing, and cognitive radio (CR) applications since it exhibits stable excellent gain and Omni-directional radiation pattern over the desired bands. Because of its reconfigurable nature, the same antenna also supports use in multiple general-purpose applications like GPS tracing, LTE, UMTS, GSM1800, rescue operation, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/ISM/WLAN, CDMA, etc applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. B. Saleem, A. A. Shah, H. Munsif, A. I. Najam, S. Khattak, I. Ullah
The probability of antenna array failure or malfunctioning cannot be ruled out, and hardware replacement of faulty elements is not always a viable solution. Therefore, academic and industrial interest in self-healing phased arrays are on the rise. In this work, the phase-only genetic algorithm (GA) optimization flow for the radiation pattern correction of a 4 × 4 phase faulty planar antenna array is proposed. Initially, a reference array pattern at the desired scan angle is generated. Then random phase faults are introduced across the 1 × 4 antenna elements in any one of 4 sub-arrays to produce maximum distortion in the reference radiation pattern of 4 × 4 planar array. The proposed GA re-computes the new excitation weights for the remaining non-faulty 3 sub-arrays to correct the overall radiation pattern of 4 × 4 array. This is achieved by calculating the array output power for reference and GA computed weights. The GA corrected patterns fairly follow the desired array patterns in terms of peak gain and reducing sidelobe levels for the desired scan angle. The efficiency of the optimized radiation patterns was evaluated in full-wave HFSS model and measurements validation. In this way, maintenance cost can be reduced with recovery of acceptable level of radiation pattern using software instead of physically replacing faulty antenna elements in the array.
天线阵列故障或失灵的可能性无法排除，而硬件更换故障元件并不总是可行的解决方案。因此，学术界和工业界对自修复相控阵的兴趣与日俱增。在这项工作中，针对 4 × 4 相故障平面天线阵列的辐射模式修正，提出了纯相位遗传算法（GA）优化流程。首先，生成所需的扫描角度下的参考阵列模式。然后，在 4 个子阵列中的任意一个子阵列的 1 × 4 天线元件上引入随机相位故障，使 4 × 4 平面阵列的参考辐射模式产生最大畸变。建议的 GA 会重新计算其余 3 个无故障子阵列的新激励权重，以校正 4 × 4 阵列的整体辐射模式。这是通过计算参考权重和 GA 计算权重的阵列输出功率实现的。经 GA 校正的辐射模式在峰值增益和减少所需的扫描角度的侧叶水平方面与所需的阵列模式基本一致。全波 HFSS 模型和测量验证评估了优化辐射模式的效率。这样，通过使用软件恢复可接受水平的辐射模式，而不是物理更换阵列中的故障天线元件，可以降低维护成本。
{"title":"Radiation Pattern Correction of Faulty Planar Phased Array using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"R. A. B. Saleem, A. A. Shah, H. Munsif, A. I. Najam, S. Khattak, I. Ullah","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i2.2439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i2.2439","url":null,"abstract":"The probability of antenna array failure or malfunctioning cannot be ruled out, and hardware replacement of faulty elements is not always a viable solution. Therefore, academic and industrial interest in self-healing phased arrays are on the rise. In this work, the phase-only genetic algorithm (GA) optimization flow for the radiation pattern correction of a 4 × 4 phase faulty planar antenna array is proposed. Initially, a reference array pattern at the desired scan angle is generated. Then random phase faults are introduced across the 1 × 4 antenna elements in any one of 4 sub-arrays to produce maximum distortion in the reference radiation pattern of 4 × 4 planar array. The proposed GA re-computes the new excitation weights for the remaining non-faulty 3 sub-arrays to correct the overall radiation pattern of 4 × 4 array. This is achieved by calculating the array output power for reference and GA computed weights. The GA corrected patterns fairly follow the desired array patterns in terms of peak gain and reducing sidelobe levels for the desired scan angle. The efficiency of the optimized radiation patterns was evaluated in full-wave HFSS model and measurements validation. In this way, maintenance cost can be reduced with recovery of acceptable level of radiation pattern using software instead of physically replacing faulty antenna elements in the array.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at the problem of unstable output voltage and output current caused by load fluctuation, this paper starts from the perspective of system topology and control strategy for analysis. First, the output characteristics of LCL-S (inductor-capacitor-inductor and series), LCL-P (inductor-capacitor-inductor and parallel), LCL-LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor and inductor-capacitor-inductor), and LCL-LCC (inductor-capacitor-inductor and inductor-capacitor-capacitor) compensation topologies are analyzed. Combining the advantages of LCL-S and LCL-LCL compensation topology output characteristics, an LCL-LCL/S compensation topology is constructed, and its topology is optimized. Then the influence of parasitic resistance on the output characteristics of LCL-LCL/S compensation topology is derived. A control strategy of primary side regulation is proposed to address the issue of unstable output voltage and current caused by parasitic resistance in the system under variable loads. This method can effectively improve the stability of the output voltage and output current of the wireless power transfer system in the LCL-LCL/S compensation topology under load fluctuations. Finally, a set of experimental prototypes is built to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Wireless Power Transfer System with Constant Voltage/Constant Current Output Performance","authors":"X. Yang, J. Tong","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i1.2300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2300","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problem of unstable output voltage and output current caused by load fluctuation, this paper starts from the perspective of system topology and control strategy for analysis. First, the output characteristics of LCL-S (inductor-capacitor-inductor and series), LCL-P (inductor-capacitor-inductor and parallel), LCL-LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor and inductor-capacitor-inductor), and LCL-LCC (inductor-capacitor-inductor and inductor-capacitor-capacitor) compensation topologies are analyzed. Combining the advantages of LCL-S and LCL-LCL compensation topology output characteristics, an LCL-LCL/S compensation topology is constructed, and its topology is optimized. Then the influence of parasitic resistance on the output characteristics of LCL-LCL/S compensation topology is derived. A control strategy of primary side regulation is proposed to address the issue of unstable output voltage and current caused by parasitic resistance in the system under variable loads. This method can effectively improve the stability of the output voltage and output current of the wireless power transfer system in the LCL-LCL/S compensation topology under load fluctuations. Finally, a set of experimental prototypes is built to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ouahabi, A. Dkiouak, Doae El Hadri, A. Zakriti, Mohamed Charif
This paper presents a simple design of a compact 4-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna using polarization diversity technique. The proposed structure consists of four monopole elements operating in the fifth generation n79 band (4800–5000 MHz). To achieve good performance with a more compact design, the four identical elements are arranged orthogonally to each other. The proposed antenna is fabricated using a Rogers RT6010 substrate with a compact size of 28 × 28mm2. The measured results of the manufactured antenna in terms of S-parameters and radiation pattern are in good agreement at the operating frequency band. Moreover, the diversity performance of the proposed MIMO antenna is evaluated through the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), the diversity gain (DG), the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and the channel capacity loss (CCL).
本文介绍了一种采用极化分集技术的紧凑型 4 端口多输入多输出 (MIMO) 微带天线的简单设计。所提出的结构由四个单极元件组成，工作在第五代 n79 频段（4800-5000 MHz）。为了以更紧凑的设计实现良好的性能，四个相同的元件正交排列。拟议的天线采用罗杰斯 RT6010 衬底制造，尺寸为 28 × 28 平方毫米。 所制造的天线在工作频段的 S 参数和辐射模式方面的测量结果非常吻合。此外，还通过包络相关系数（ECC）、分集增益（DG）、总有源反射系数（TARC）和信道容量损耗（CCL）评估了拟议 MIMO 天线的分集性能。
{"title":"A Low-Profile four-port MIMO Antenna for 5G-n79 Band with high diversity performance","authors":"M. Ouahabi, A. Dkiouak, Doae El Hadri, A. Zakriti, Mohamed Charif","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i1.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple design of a compact 4-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna using polarization diversity technique. The proposed structure consists of four monopole elements operating in the fifth generation n79 band (4800–5000 MHz). To achieve good performance with a more compact design, the four identical elements are arranged orthogonally to each other. The proposed antenna is fabricated using a Rogers RT6010 substrate with a compact size of 28 × 28mm2. The measured results of the manufactured antenna in terms of S-parameters and radiation pattern are in good agreement at the operating frequency band. Moreover, the diversity performance of the proposed MIMO antenna is evaluated through the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), the diversity gain (DG), the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and the channel capacity loss (CCL).","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Christina, Josephine Malathi, B. Vamsi, Krishna Reddy, K. R. Phanindra
MIMO antenna design has always been a topic of interest in wireless technology. Although it has many benefits, the key challenge is to minimize mutual coupling between antenna elements. This study presents a decoupling technique between two tri-band antennas for LTE, WLAN, and 5G applications. For 3.5GHz, a monopole is initially created; the other two resonant frequencies are produced by changing the partial ground plane. Then, a MIMO antenna system is created using two tri-band monopoles. The resonators of low band can minimize the mutual coupling for two higher bands by suppressing surface wave propagation. Finally, coupling is reduced in the low band by using a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) to cancel out the original coupling. The reported MIMO antenna spans the 2.4/5.8GHz WLAN and LTE bands, as well as the 3.5 GHz 5G bands, with a mutual coupling of less than -18 dB.
多输入多输出（MIMO）天线设计一直是无线技术领域的热门话题。虽然多输入多输出天线有很多优点，但如何最大限度地减少天线元件之间的相互耦合是一个关键挑战。本研究为 LTE、WLAN 和 5G 应用提出了一种两个三频天线之间的去耦技术。对于 3.5GHz 频段，首先创建一个单极子；其他两个谐振频率则通过改变部分地平面来实现。然后，利用两个三频单极子创建 MIMO 天线系统。低频段的谐振器可以通过抑制表面波传播，将两个高频段的相互耦合降至最低。最后，通过使用分环谐振器（SRR）来抵消原有的耦合，从而降低低频段的耦合。报告的 MIMO 天线横跨 2.4/5.8GHz WLAN 和 LTE 频段，以及 3.5GHz 5G 频段，相互耦合小于 -18dB。
{"title":"A Decoupling method using Split Ring Resonator (SRR) for Tri-band MIMO Antenna for WLAN LTE Band and 5G applications","authors":"A. Christina, Josephine Malathi, B. Vamsi, Krishna Reddy, K. R. Phanindra","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i1.2272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2272","url":null,"abstract":"MIMO antenna design has always been a topic of interest in wireless technology. Although it has many benefits, the key challenge is to minimize mutual coupling between antenna elements. This study presents a decoupling technique between two tri-band antennas for LTE, WLAN, and 5G applications. For 3.5GHz, a monopole is initially created; the other two resonant frequencies are produced by changing the partial ground plane. Then, a MIMO antenna system is created using two tri-band monopoles. The resonators of low band can minimize the mutual coupling for two higher bands by suppressing surface wave propagation. Finally, coupling is reduced in the low band by using a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) to cancel out the original coupling. The reported MIMO antenna spans the 2.4/5.8GHz WLAN and LTE bands, as well as the 3.5 GHz 5G bands, with a mutual coupling of less than -18 dB.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper first a dual band bandstop filter is proposed using a unique spiral defect at the signal plane for Wi-Fi communication and remote sensing applications. The spiral defects is studied, simulated and measured. Next proposed spiral defect is combined with the hexagonal head defected resonators at ground plane to improve the rejection band. In addition a study is also done to observe the effects of the proposed defects at both signal plane and ground plane. A comparison is done among the response of individual defects filters and combined defect filter. It is observed that later shows improved overall bandwidth with compactness. The proposed combined defect filter with improved stopband displays 92.6% FBW and 112.5 dB/GHz sharpness factor with very compact in size as 0.26 λ0 × 0.25 λ0. All measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
{"title":"Improvement of rejection band with Defected Microstrip Line and Ground plane Resonators","authors":"S. R. Choudhury","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i1.2119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2119","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper first a dual band bandstop filter is proposed using a unique spiral defect at the signal plane for Wi-Fi communication and remote sensing applications. The spiral defects is studied, simulated and measured. Next proposed spiral defect is combined with the hexagonal head defected resonators at ground plane to improve the rejection band. In addition a study is also done to observe the effects of the proposed defects at both signal plane and ground plane. A comparison is done among the response of individual defects filters and combined defect filter. It is observed that later shows improved overall bandwidth with compactness. The proposed combined defect filter with improved stopband displays 92.6% FBW and 112.5 dB/GHz sharpness factor with very compact in size as 0.26 λ0 × 0.25 λ0. All measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mohapatra, S. Das, J. R. Panda, S. Sahu, S. Raghavan
An arrangement of orthogonally aligned antennas over two planes of a substrate is designed in this paper. The design is a novel miniaturized cognitive model operating at LTE, C-band and X-band with sufficient band stop notch. The antenna is etched over a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 Epoxy substrate of dimension 15 mm x 15 mm. On one side the antenna is a hexagonal slotted microstrip antenna and on the other side is a partial CPW type hexagonal patch antenna. The top hexagonal patch antenna is a wide band from 1800 MHz to 12000 MHz. With the use of a slot on the patch creates one notch from 2240 MHz to 5090 MHz and another notch is created at 6200 MHz to 8100 MHz. Thus, the working bands comprise of LTE 1900, Wi-Fi 5G and X-band under a single polarization. Similarly, the second antenna has its first resonance at LTE 1900 and the second resonance at X-band with a polarization orthogonal to the antenna at top. Being a miniaturized antenna, the cognitive radio provides gain ranging from 2.0 dB at lower frequency to 5.4 dB at higher frequency. The isolation over the operating bands suggests non-interference between the antennas.
本文设计了在基板的两个平面上正交排列的天线。该设计是一种新型的微型认知模型，可在 LTE、C 波段和 X 波段工作，并具有足够的带挡缺口。天线蚀刻在厚度为 0.8 毫米、尺寸为 15 毫米 x 15 毫米的 FR-4 环氧树脂基板上。天线的一侧是六边形开槽微带天线，另一侧是部分 CPW 型六边形贴片天线。顶部六边形贴片天线的频带很宽，从 1800 MHz 到 12000 MHz。通过在贴片上使用插槽，可在 2240 MHz 至 5090 MHz 之间形成一个凹口，在 6200 MHz 至 8100 MHz 之间形成另一个凹口。因此，工作频段包括 LTE 1900、Wi-Fi 5G 和单极化下的 X 波段。同样，第二根天线的第一共振频段为 LTE 1900，第二共振频段为 X 波段，极化与顶部天线正交。作为一种微型天线，认知无线电的增益范围从低频的 2.0 dB 到高频的 5.4 dB 不等。工作频段上的隔离表明天线之间没有干扰。
{"title":"Dual band Orthogonal Polarized 2-port MIMO Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications","authors":"S. Mohapatra, S. Das, J. R. Panda, S. Sahu, S. Raghavan","doi":"10.7716/aem.v13i1.2164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2164","url":null,"abstract":"An arrangement of orthogonally aligned antennas over two planes of a substrate is designed in this paper. The design is a novel miniaturized cognitive model operating at LTE, C-band and X-band with sufficient band stop notch. The antenna is etched over a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 Epoxy substrate of dimension 15 mm x 15 mm. On one side the antenna is a hexagonal slotted microstrip antenna and on the other side is a partial CPW type hexagonal patch antenna. The top hexagonal patch antenna is a wide band from 1800 MHz to 12000 MHz. With the use of a slot on the patch creates one notch from 2240 MHz to 5090 MHz and another notch is created at 6200 MHz to 8100 MHz. Thus, the working bands comprise of LTE 1900, Wi-Fi 5G and X-band under a single polarization. Similarly, the second antenna has its first resonance at LTE 1900 and the second resonance at X-band with a polarization orthogonal to the antenna at top. Being a miniaturized antenna, the cognitive radio provides gain ranging from 2.0 dB at lower frequency to 5.4 dB at higher frequency. The isolation over the operating bands suggests non-interference between the antennas.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this manuscript, a 16-port compact multi-antenna array for fifth generation (5G) communications is presented. The proposed antenna offers high data rate communication, by using MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) wireless technology. Efficient bandwidth enhancement techniques are used to achieve wider bandwidth response i.e., 3.4-3.8 GHz within sub-6GHz. This system is realized over low-cost FR-4 laminate having dimensions of 64mm × 131mm. The fractal shape slotted radiators and open-ended square ring (OESR) isolating structures achieves at least 25dB isolations among antenna pairs while maintaining wideband response. The optimum isolation, low-cost design profile, matched scattering parameters without compromising compactness and acceptable specific absorption rate (SAR) makes this system a suitable candidate for 5G smart phone communications.
{"title":"A Compact 16-Port Fractal Shaped Slot Antenna Array for 5G Smart Phone Communications","authors":"N. Khan, M. Bilal, R. Ali, A. Khan","doi":"10.7716/aem.v12i4.2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v12i4.2123","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, a 16-port compact multi-antenna array for fifth generation (5G) communications is presented. The proposed antenna offers high data rate communication, by using MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) wireless technology. Efficient bandwidth enhancement techniques are used to achieve wider bandwidth response i.e., 3.4-3.8 GHz within sub-6GHz. This system is realized over low-cost FR-4 laminate having dimensions of 64mm × 131mm. The fractal shape slotted radiators and open-ended square ring (OESR) isolating structures achieves at least 25dB isolations among antenna pairs while maintaining wideband response. The optimum isolation, low-cost design profile, matched scattering parameters without compromising compactness and acceptable specific absorption rate (SAR) makes this system a suitable candidate for 5G smart phone communications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Man Seng Sim, Kok Yeow, You, Raimi Dewan, F. Esa, Mohd Rashidi Salim, Stephanie Yen, Nee Kew, Fandi Hamid
This paper proposes a dual-band metamaterial microwave absorber operating at 2.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The absorber consists of a ring and a circular patch with slits resonator structures printed on a FR4 dielectric substrate backed by a ground layer. The main advantage of the absorber lies in its design flexibility in which each absorption band is independent and can be individually tuned by changing the dimensions of each resonator structure. The absorber unit cell is simulated and parametrically optimized using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The absorption mechanism is analyzed through surface current analysis. The absorber prototype, with dimensions of 200 × 200 × 1.6 mm3 and consisting of an array of 7 × 7 unit cells, is fabricated and experimentally investigated using antennas in free-space measurement. The absorber exhibits over 97% absorption at both resonance frequencies. Furthermore, the absorber is demonstrated to be applicable in sensing applications for dielectric constant determination. With its design simplicity, wide-angle receptive, and polarization insensitive behavior, it is envisaged that the proposed absorber will find practical use in absorbing and sensing applications.
{"title":"Dual-Band Metamaterial Microwave Absorber using Ring and Circular Patch with Slits","authors":"Man Seng Sim, Kok Yeow, You, Raimi Dewan, F. Esa, Mohd Rashidi Salim, Stephanie Yen, Nee Kew, Fandi Hamid","doi":"10.7716/aem.v12i4.2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v12i4.2324","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a dual-band metamaterial microwave absorber operating at 2.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The absorber consists of a ring and a circular patch with slits resonator structures printed on a FR4 dielectric substrate backed by a ground layer. The main advantage of the absorber lies in its design flexibility in which each absorption band is independent and can be individually tuned by changing the dimensions of each resonator structure. The absorber unit cell is simulated and parametrically optimized using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The absorption mechanism is analyzed through surface current analysis. The absorber prototype, with dimensions of 200 × 200 × 1.6 mm3 and consisting of an array of 7 × 7 unit cells, is fabricated and experimentally investigated using antennas in free-space measurement. The absorber exhibits over 97% absorption at both resonance frequencies. Furthermore, the absorber is demonstrated to be applicable in sensing applications for dielectric constant determination. With its design simplicity, wide-angle receptive, and polarization insensitive behavior, it is envisaged that the proposed absorber will find practical use in absorbing and sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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