H. El Omari El Bakali, Hanae Elftouh, A. Farkhsi, A. Zakriti, M. Ouahabi
This paper presents a new design of a super compact Ultra wideband (UWB) band-pass filter (BPF) with rejection of X-band satellite applications. For covering the UWB bandpass, the proposed filter is realized using hybrid technique which is achieved by using a Microstrip-Coplanar waveguide-Microstrip transition. The basic structure consists of a modified microstrip in the top layer and CPW in the bottom layer. Later, open-circuited stubs are embedded in the top to implement in-band transmission zeros (TZ) so as to circumvent interference. The simulated results show that the UWB bandpass filter has a high adaptation (S11 ≤ −18 dB) and insertion loss better than 0.4 dB at the passband. The impedance bandwidths are about 114% (3–11 GHz) with upper stopband extends to more than 14 GHz with a depth of greater than 38 dB. In addition, the UWB BPF shows a flat group delay performance with a variation of about 0.15 ns over the entire bandwidth. A prototype of the filter is fabricated and tested. Good agreement is achieved between measurement and simulation. The proposed UWB BPF is compact in size with overall dimensions of 14 by 9.2 mm2. Consequently, the obtained results prove that the presented filter is suitable for UWB wireless devices.
{"title":"Design of a Super Compact UWB Filter Based on Hybrid Technique with a Notch Band Using Open Circuited Stubs","authors":"H. El Omari El Bakali, Hanae Elftouh, A. Farkhsi, A. Zakriti, M. Ouahabi","doi":"10.7716/aem.v9i3.1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i3.1521","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design of a super compact Ultra wideband (UWB) band-pass filter (BPF) with rejection of X-band satellite applications. For covering the UWB bandpass, the proposed filter is realized using hybrid technique which is achieved by using a Microstrip-Coplanar waveguide-Microstrip transition. The basic structure consists of a modified microstrip in the top layer and CPW in the bottom layer. Later, open-circuited stubs are embedded in the top to implement in-band transmission zeros (TZ) so as to circumvent interference. The simulated results show that the UWB bandpass filter has a high adaptation (S11 ≤ −18 dB) and insertion loss better than 0.4 dB at the passband. The impedance bandwidths are about 114% (3–11 GHz) with upper stopband extends to more than 14 GHz with a depth of greater than 38 dB. In addition, the UWB BPF shows a flat group delay performance with a variation of about 0.15 ns over the entire bandwidth. A prototype of the filter is fabricated and tested. Good agreement is achieved between measurement and simulation. The proposed UWB BPF is compact in size with overall dimensions of 14 by 9.2 mm2. Consequently, the obtained results prove that the presented filter is suitable for UWB wireless devices.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Parmantier, C. Guiffaut, D. Roisse, C. Girard, F. Terrade, S. Bertuol, I. Junqua, A. Reinex
This article deals with modelling of EM-coupling on cable-bundles installed in 3D structures. It introduces a modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model for which the specificity is to account for the reciprocal interaction between EM-fields and induced currents by considering equivalent total field sources. The first part of the paper is devoted to the derivation of this model starting from Agrawal’s classical Field-to-Transmission-Line applied on a two-wire Transmission-Line and leads to a Transmission-Line model in which the signal-wire is now referenced to a fictitious surrounding cylinder acting as a return conductor. The modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model is then obtained by modifying this derived-model in such a way that is made compatible with numerical approaches and tools based on Agrawal’s Field-to-Transmission-Line model. This modification involves a kL coefficient equal to the ratio of the two per-unit-length inductances of the classical and derived Field-to-Transmission-Line models. Validations of this modified formulation clearly show the capability of this model to predict precise wire responses including EM-radiation losses. The second part of the paper is devoted to its extension to Multiconductor-Transmission-Line-Networks. The process relies on the capability to define an equivalent wire model of the cable-bundle in order to derive the kL coefficient and to numerically evaluate equivalent total field sources. Validation of this extrapolation is presented on a real aircraft test-case involving realistic cable-bundles in order to assess the potentiality of the method for future problems of industrial complexity.
{"title":"Modelling EM-Coupling on Electrical Cable-Bundles with a Frequency-Domain Field-to-Transmission Line Model Based on Total Electric Fields","authors":"J. Parmantier, C. Guiffaut, D. Roisse, C. Girard, F. Terrade, S. Bertuol, I. Junqua, A. Reinex","doi":"10.7716/aem.v9i3.1531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i3.1531","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with modelling of EM-coupling on cable-bundles installed in 3D structures. It introduces a modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model for which the specificity is to account for the reciprocal interaction between EM-fields and induced currents by considering equivalent total field sources. The first part of the paper is devoted to the derivation of this model starting from Agrawal’s classical Field-to-Transmission-Line applied on a two-wire Transmission-Line and leads to a Transmission-Line model in which the signal-wire is now referenced to a fictitious surrounding cylinder acting as a return conductor. The modified-Field-to-Transmission-Line model is then obtained by modifying this derived-model in such a way that is made compatible with numerical approaches and tools based on Agrawal’s Field-to-Transmission-Line model. This modification involves a kL coefficient equal to the ratio of the two per-unit-length inductances of the classical and derived Field-to-Transmission-Line models. Validations of this modified formulation clearly show the capability of this model to predict precise wire responses including EM-radiation losses. The second part of the paper is devoted to its extension to Multiconductor-Transmission-Line-Networks. The process relies on the capability to define an equivalent wire model of the cable-bundle in order to derive the kL coefficient and to numerically evaluate equivalent total field sources. Validation of this extrapolation is presented on a real aircraft test-case involving realistic cable-bundles in order to assess the potentiality of the method for future problems of industrial complexity.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43105530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a time-domain hybrid method for coupling Multiconductor-Transmission-Line Network equations and a Finite Element Method to evaluate the electromagnetic response of the electric wires of a cable-bundle located inside a 3 dimensional structure. The method is applied and demonstrated over a box structure made of several volumes containing a realistic multiconductor cable-harness and illuminated by a plane wave. The formalism of the method is given and the results obtained show the interest of this approach.
{"title":"A Hybrid Time-Domain Maxwell/MTLN-Equations Method to Simulate EM-induced-Currents on Electric Cable-Bundles Inside Cavities","authors":"J. Parmantier, X. Ferrières, P. Schickele","doi":"10.7716/aem.v9i2.1471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i2.1471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a time-domain hybrid method for coupling Multiconductor-Transmission-Line Network equations and a Finite Element Method to evaluate the electromagnetic response of the electric wires of a cable-bundle located inside a 3 dimensional structure. The method is applied and demonstrated over a box structure made of several volumes containing a realistic multiconductor cable-harness and illuminated by a plane wave. The formalism of the method is given and the results obtained show the interest of this approach.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rawwagah, M. Al-Ali, A. Al-khateeb, M. Bawa’aneh
Absorbance of normally incident electromagnetic wave on a cold, weakly collisional, and inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab is investigated. The plasma density is Budden-like sinusoidal profile, where the inhomogeniety is treated as a multilayered system of homogeneous sub-cells within the transfer matrix technique. For incident wave frequencies much above the ion cyclotron frequency, only right hand circularly polarized waves are relevant for wave propagation parallel to a static magnetic field. Calculations are performed in normalized parameters, that make the results suitable for many applications including atmospheric and laboratory plasmas. The presence of the dc-magnetic field leads to the formation of two absorption bands explained by plasma collisional dissipation and electron cyclotron resonance in the low frequency branch of the $R$-wave below the electron cyclotron frequency. The transmittance shows the emergence of the low frequency electron cyclotron wave, which becomes a Whistler mode at very low frequency. More detailed discussion on the effect of plasma collisionality, inhomogeneity, and dc-magnetic field on the propagation characteristics is given at the relevant place within the body of the manuscript.
{"title":"Collisional and resonance absorption of electromagnetic waves in a weakly collisional, inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab","authors":"F. Rawwagah, M. Al-Ali, A. Al-khateeb, M. Bawa’aneh","doi":"10.7716/aem.v9i2.1466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i2.1466","url":null,"abstract":"Absorbance of normally incident electromagnetic wave on a cold, weakly collisional, and inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab is investigated. The plasma density is Budden-like sinusoidal profile, where the inhomogeniety is treated as a multilayered system of homogeneous sub-cells within the transfer matrix technique. For incident wave frequencies much above the ion cyclotron frequency, only right hand circularly polarized waves are relevant for wave propagation parallel to a static magnetic field. Calculations are performed in normalized parameters, that make the results suitable for many applications including atmospheric and laboratory plasmas. The presence of the dc-magnetic field leads to the formation of two absorption bands explained by plasma collisional dissipation and electron cyclotron resonance in the low frequency branch of the $R$-wave below the electron cyclotron frequency. The transmittance shows the emergence of the low frequency electron cyclotron wave, which becomes a Whistler mode at very low frequency. More detailed discussion on the effect of plasma collisionality, inhomogeneity, and dc-magnetic field on the propagation characteristics is given at the relevant place within the body of the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47634457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modern technology, inductors are often shaped in the form of planar spiral coils, as in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC’s), 13.56 MHz radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communication (NFC), telemetry, and wireless charging devices, where the coils must be designed to a specified inductance. In many cases, the direct current (DC) inductance is a good approximation. Some approximate formulae for the DC inductance of planar spiral coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known from the literature. They can simplify coil design considerably. But they are almost exclusively limited to square coils. This paper derives a formula for rectangular planar spiral coils with an aspect ratio not exceeding a value between 2.5 and 4.0, depending on the number of turns, and having a cross-sectional aspect ratio of height to width not exceeding unity. It is valid for any dimension and inductance range. The formula lowers the overall maximum error from hitherto 28 % down to 5.6 %. For specific application areas like RFIC’s and RFID antennas, it is possible to reduce the domain of definition, with the result that the formula lowers the maximum error from so far 18 % down to 2.6 %. This was tested systematically on close to 140000 coil designs of exactly known inductance. To reduce the number of dimensions of the parameter space, dimensionless parameters are introduced. The formula was also tested against measurements taken on 16 RFID antennas manufactured as PCB’s. The derivation is based on the idea of treating the conductor segments of all turns as if they were parallel conductors of a single-turn coil. It allows the inductance to be calculated with the help of mean distances between two arbitrary points anywhere within the total cross section of the coil. This leads to compound mean distances that are composed of two types of elementary ones, firstly, between a single rectangle and itself, and secondly, between two displaced congruent rectangles. For these elementary mean distances, exact expressions are derived. Those for the arithmetic mean distance (AMD) and one for the arithmetic mean square distance (AMSD) seem to be new. The paper lists the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula on a computer, together with numerical examples. Further, the code for solving a coil design problem with constraints as it arises in practical engineering is presented, and an example problem is solved.
{"title":"Inductance Formula for Rectangular Planar Spiral Inductors with Rectangular Conductor Cross Section","authors":"H. Aebischer","doi":"10.7716/aem.v9i1.1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i1.1346","url":null,"abstract":"In modern technology, inductors are often shaped in the form of planar spiral coils, as in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC’s), 13.56 MHz radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communication (NFC), telemetry, and wireless charging devices, where the coils must be designed to a specified inductance. In many cases, the direct current (DC) inductance is a good approximation. Some approximate formulae for the DC inductance of planar spiral coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known from the literature. They can simplify coil design considerably. But they are almost exclusively limited to square coils. \u0000This paper derives a formula for rectangular planar spiral coils with an aspect ratio not exceeding a value between 2.5 and 4.0, depending on the number of turns, and having a cross-sectional aspect ratio of height to width not exceeding unity. It is valid for any dimension and inductance range. \u0000The formula lowers the overall maximum error from hitherto 28 % down to 5.6 %. For specific application areas like RFIC’s and RFID antennas, it is possible to reduce the domain of definition, with the result that the formula lowers the maximum error from so far 18 % down to 2.6 %. This was tested systematically on close to 140000 coil designs of exactly known inductance. To reduce the number of dimensions of the parameter space, dimensionless parameters are introduced. The formula was also tested against measurements taken on 16 RFID antennas manufactured as PCB’s. \u0000The derivation is based on the idea of treating the conductor segments of all turns as if they were parallel conductors of a single-turn coil. It allows the inductance to be calculated with the help of mean distances between two arbitrary points anywhere within the total cross section of the coil. This leads to compound mean distances that are composed of two types of elementary ones, firstly, between a single rectangle and itself, and secondly, between two displaced congruent rectangles. For these elementary mean distances, exact expressions are derived. Those for the arithmetic mean distance (AMD) and one for the arithmetic mean square distance (AMSD) seem to be new. \u0000The paper lists the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula on a computer, together with numerical examples. Further, the code for solving a coil design problem with constraints as it arises in practical engineering is presented, and an example problem is solved.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47188388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A modal analysis for the directional coupler is presented in this paper. The analysis is based on the mode-matching technique. The theory is verified by Ansoft HFSS software at a directional coupler with standard X-band (WR 90) rectangular waveguide ports. Element values of equivalent circuit model are computed by using the S-parameters obtained from the presented method in this paper. In addition this paper has corrected two formulations used in two previous works which have been published.
{"title":"Modal Analysis of Directional Coupler and Its Equivalent Circuit","authors":"M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.7716/aem.v8i4.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1252","url":null,"abstract":"A modal analysis for the directional coupler is presented in this paper. The analysis is based on the mode-matching technique. The theory is verified by Ansoft HFSS software at a directional coupler with standard X-band (WR 90) rectangular waveguide ports. Element values of equivalent circuit model are computed by using the S-parameters obtained from the presented method in this paper. In addition this paper has corrected two formulations used in two previous works which have been published.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of a planar waveguide structure terahertz oscillator based on a gallium nitride distributed transferred electron device is theoretically investigated. The circuit numerical physical modeling relies on a two-dimensional time-domain electromagnetism/transport simulator. It is based on the coupled solution of the Maxwell and energy-momentum macroscopic transport equations. The study is focused on the analysis, from the space-time electromagnetic and electron transport quantities, of the complex CW operation of an oscillator, designed and DC biased, to optimally operate at one terahertz. The analysis is performed following a full electromagnetic approach in the time and frequency domain, at the local scale, for the description of the physical phenomena, as well as at the functional scale in order to obtain the quantities interesting the oscillator designer and user.
{"title":"Electromagnetic physical modeling of a gallium nitride distributed transferred electron based planar waveguide structure THz oscillator","authors":"C. Dalle","doi":"10.7716/aem.v8i4.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1214","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of a planar waveguide structure terahertz oscillator based on a gallium nitride distributed transferred electron device is theoretically investigated. The circuit numerical physical modeling relies on a two-dimensional time-domain electromagnetism/transport simulator. It is based on the coupled solution of the Maxwell and energy-momentum macroscopic transport equations. The study is focused on the analysis, from the space-time electromagnetic and electron transport quantities, of the complex CW operation of an oscillator, designed and DC biased, to optimally operate at one terahertz. The analysis is performed following a full electromagnetic approach in the time and frequency domain, at the local scale, for the description of the physical phenomena, as well as at the functional scale in order to obtain the quantities interesting the oscillator designer and user.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. A. A. Hassain, Adham R. Azeez, M. M. Ali, T. Elwi
This research puts forward a design regarding a novel compact bi-directional UWB (1.9–10.6 GHz) tapered slot patch antenna that has dual band-notches characteristics within 3.4–3.9 GHz applicable for WiMax application and 5-6 GHz applicable for WLAN (IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 systems). A parasitic quasi-trapezoidal shape single split ring resonator SRR is positioned to secure the first WiMax band-notch to minimize the electromagnetic interference occurring in WiMax band. A single circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is etched to secure the second band-notch. Simulated and measured results showed a good match, thereby signifying that the proposed antenna is an optimum candidate for UWB communication applications along with the guide lines design to employ the notch bands in the preferred frequency regions.
{"title":"A Modified Compact Bi-Directional UWB Taperd Slot Antenna with Double Band-Notch Characteristics","authors":"Z. A. A. Hassain, Adham R. Azeez, M. M. Ali, T. Elwi","doi":"10.7716/aem.v8i4.1130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1130","url":null,"abstract":"This research puts forward a design regarding a novel compact bi-directional UWB (1.9–10.6 GHz) tapered slot patch antenna that has dual band-notches characteristics within 3.4–3.9 GHz applicable for WiMax application and 5-6 GHz applicable for WLAN (IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 systems). A parasitic quasi-trapezoidal shape single split ring resonator SRR is positioned to secure the first WiMax band-notch to minimize the electromagnetic interference occurring in WiMax band. A single circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is etched to secure the second band-notch. Simulated and measured results showed a good match, thereby signifying that the proposed antenna is an optimum candidate for UWB communication applications along with the guide lines design to employ the notch bands in the preferred frequency regions.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planar spiral coils are used as inductors in radio frequency (RF) microelectronic integrated circuits (IC’s) and as antennas in both radio frequency identification (RFID) and telemetry systems. They must be designed to a specified inductance. From the literature, approximate analytical formulae for the inductance of such coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known. They yield the direct current (DC) inductance, which is considered as a good approximation for inductors in RF IC’s up to the GHz range. In principle, these formulae can simplify coil design considerably. But a recent comparative study of the most cited formulae revealed that their maximum relative error is often much larger than claimed by the author, and too large to be useful in circuit design. This paper presents a more accurate formula for the DC inductance of square planar spiral coils than was known so far. It is applicable to any design of such coils with up to windings. Owing to its scalability, this holds irrespectively of the coil size and the inductance range. It lowers the maximum error over the whole domain of definition from so far down to . This has been tested by the same method used in the comparative study mentioned above, where the precise reference inductances were computed with the help of the free standard software FastHenry2. A comparison to measurements is included. Moreover, the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula is given in the appendix.
{"title":"Inductance Formula for Square Spiral Inductors with Rectangular Conductor Cross Section","authors":"H. Aebischer","doi":"10.7716/aem.v8i4.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1074","url":null,"abstract":"Planar spiral coils are used as inductors in radio frequency (RF) microelectronic integrated circuits (IC’s) and as antennas in both radio frequency identification (RFID) and telemetry systems. They must be designed to a specified inductance. From the literature, approximate analytical formulae for the inductance of such coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known. They yield the direct current (DC) inductance, which is considered as a good approximation for inductors in RF IC’s up to the GHz range. In principle, these formulae can simplify coil design considerably. But a recent comparative study of the most cited formulae revealed that their maximum relative error is often much larger than claimed by the author, and too large to be useful in circuit design. \u0000This paper presents a more accurate formula for the DC inductance of square planar spiral coils than was known so far. It is applicable to any design of such coils with up to windings. Owing to its scalability, this holds irrespectively of the coil size and the inductance range. It lowers the maximum error over the whole domain of definition from so far down to . This has been tested by the same method used in the comparative study mentioned above, where the precise reference inductances were computed with the help of the free standard software FastHenry2. A comparison to measurements is included. Moreover, the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula is given in the appendix.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44794642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a semi-analytical method to extract transverse polarizability parameters of an arbitrary bi-anisotropic sub-wavelength scatterer both in homogeneous medium and placed at the boundary of two simple (homogeneous, isotropic, and linear) media. Using this technique, polarizability parameters of various dielectric and/or metallic scatterers are obtained, effectively. In this method, a scatterer is placed at the middle of a rectangular waveguide which in general is filled by two different simple media in either sides of the scatterer. The waveguide is designed so that the two TE10 and TE01 fundamental modes are propagating in a given frequency band. All 16 transverse polarizabilities are fast obtained having 16 different generalized scattering parameters (S-parameters). The S-parameters are associated with excitations at two different ports of the waveguide and the two different modes (TE10 and TE01). Comparing to existing polarizability extraction methods, the presented waveguide method is easy to run, fast and almost accurate. In order to validate the method, we present three examples including omega particle and magneto-dielectric sphere in free-space and an electric resonance particle, placed on top of a dielectric half-space.
{"title":"Polarizability Extraction of Above-Half-Space Transversal Dipole Scatterers Using a Fast Waveguide-Based Approach","authors":"Y. Bigdeli, M. Dehmollaian","doi":"10.7716/aem.v8i4.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1219","url":null,"abstract":"We present a semi-analytical method to extract transverse polarizability parameters of an arbitrary bi-anisotropic sub-wavelength scatterer both in homogeneous medium and placed at the boundary of two simple (homogeneous, isotropic, and linear) media. Using this technique, polarizability parameters of various dielectric and/or metallic scatterers are obtained, effectively. In this method, a scatterer is placed at the middle of a rectangular waveguide which in general is filled by two different simple media in either sides of the scatterer. The waveguide is designed so that the two TE10 and TE01 fundamental modes are propagating in a given frequency band. All 16 transverse polarizabilities are fast obtained having 16 different generalized scattering parameters (S-parameters). The S-parameters are associated with excitations at two different ports of the waveguide and the two different modes (TE10 and TE01). Comparing to existing polarizability extraction methods, the presented waveguide method is easy to run, fast and almost accurate. In order to validate the method, we present three examples including omega particle and magneto-dielectric sphere in free-space and an electric resonance particle, placed on top of a dielectric half-space.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49423567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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