A brain tumor is a critical medical condition and early detection is essential for a speedy recovery. Researchers have explored the use of electromagnetic waves in the microwave region for the early detection of brain tumor. However, clinical adoption is not yet realized because of the low resolution of microwave images. This paper provides an innovative approach to improve microwave brain tumor detection intelligently by differentiating normal and malignant tissues using machine learning algorithms. The dataset required for classification is obtained from the antenna measurements. To facilitate the measurement process, an Antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the diamond-shaped parasitic patch (37 mmx21 mm) is designed to operate with a resonance frequency of 3 GHz. The proposed antenna maintains a numerical reflection coefficient (S11) value below -10dB over the entire UWB frequency range. In this paper, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) classification tool with 10 cross-fold validation is used for comparison of various algorithms against the dataset obtained from the proposed antenna.
{"title":"Novel method of Characterization of dispersive properties of heterogeneous head tissue using Microwave sensing and Machine learning Algorithms","authors":"K. Lalitha, J. Manjula","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1821","url":null,"abstract":"A brain tumor is a critical medical condition and early detection is essential for a speedy recovery. Researchers have explored the use of electromagnetic waves in the microwave region for the early detection of brain tumor. However, clinical adoption is not yet realized because of the low resolution of microwave images. This paper provides an innovative approach to improve microwave brain tumor detection intelligently by differentiating normal and malignant tissues using machine learning algorithms. The dataset required for classification is obtained from the antenna measurements. To facilitate the measurement process, an Antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the diamond-shaped parasitic patch (37 mmx21 mm) is designed to operate with a resonance frequency of 3 GHz. The proposed antenna maintains a numerical reflection coefficient (S11) value below -10dB over the entire UWB frequency range. In this paper, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) classification tool with 10 cross-fold validation is used for comparison of various algorithms against the dataset obtained from the proposed antenna.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a design approach for getting dual-band working in a Wilkinson-based power divider (WPD) without adding any reactive elements or open- or short-circuited stubs is presented. The transfer matrix approach is used to get the analytical solutions of the required design equations. Admittance representation with respect to the input and output ports is done to perform even-odd mode analysis. In this impedance of each section is kept constant but the electrical length varies. Different combinations of electrical lengths are taken such that the overall length remains constant. The electrical lengths are selected based on dual-band analysis and depend on the tuning ratio. The conditions for attaining the impedance matching are applied to the obtained design equations and hence found out the values of the matching resistors to be placed between the transmission line sections. The proposed power divider centered at 2.5GHz and 7GHz is theoretically calculated simulated and fabricated. Finally, design procedures and experiments show good agreement with theoretical simulation.
{"title":"Design Theory of Equal Split Dual- Band Power Divider without Reactive Elements","authors":"N. S, Rekha G. Nair","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1811","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a design approach for getting dual-band working in a Wilkinson-based power divider (WPD) without adding any reactive elements or open- or short-circuited stubs is presented. The transfer matrix approach is used to get the analytical solutions of the required design equations. Admittance representation with respect to the input and output ports is done to perform even-odd mode analysis. In this impedance of each section is kept constant but the electrical length varies. Different combinations of electrical lengths are taken such that the overall length remains constant. The electrical lengths are selected based on dual-band analysis and depend on the tuning ratio. The conditions for attaining the impedance matching are applied to the obtained design equations and hence found out the values of the matching resistors to be placed between the transmission line sections. The proposed power divider centered at 2.5GHz and 7GHz is theoretically calculated simulated and fabricated. Finally, design procedures and experiments show good agreement with theoretical simulation.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the working process of electromagnetic launcher, the rapid temperature rise caused by heat accumulation has an important influence on the performance and life of the armature and rail. In order to better solve the thermal ablation problem of the armature and rail of the four-rail electromagnetic launcher, three different configurations of the rail and armature model are established, using the finite element method, the Joule heating characteristics of the three structures are simulated, analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that the Joule heat of the armatures of the three structures is concentrated at the throat, and the Joule heat of the rail is concentrated at the edge of the rail and the contact surface of the pivot rail; among the three structures, the electromagnetic launcher of the convex rail-concave armature structure has the smallest temperature rise rate, in addition, the peak temperature on the contact surface between the armature and the guide rail is the lowest, the safety of the ammunition is the highest, and the performance is more advantageous than the electromagnetic launcher of the other two structures.
{"title":"Influence of the orbital configuration of a four-rail electromagnetic launcher on Joule heat","authors":"P. Zhang, T. Shu","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i4.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i4.2003","url":null,"abstract":"During the working process of electromagnetic launcher, the rapid temperature rise caused by heat accumulation has an important influence on the performance and life of the armature and rail. In order to better solve the thermal ablation problem of the armature and rail of the four-rail electromagnetic launcher, three different configurations of the rail and armature model are established, using the finite element method, the Joule heating characteristics of the three structures are simulated, analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that the Joule heat of the armatures of the three structures is concentrated at the throat, and the Joule heat of the rail is concentrated at the edge of the rail and the contact surface of the pivot rail; among the three structures, the electromagnetic launcher of the convex rail-concave armature structure has the smallest temperature rise rate, in addition, the peak temperature on the contact surface between the armature and the guide rail is the lowest, the safety of the ammunition is the highest, and the performance is more advantageous than the electromagnetic launcher of the other two structures.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44771962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose three kinds of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIWs) based chamfered bend power divider junctions provide equal power distribution to all output ports while maintaining high isolation and operating in the 54 GHz to 60 GHz frequency band. The advantages of the SIW technology are ease of design, fabrication and low form and full integration with planar printed circuits. In this case, the concept of the SIW H-plane power divider is implemented using a rigorous two-dimensional quick finite element method (2D-QFEM) programmed by MATLAB software. The numerical performance of this method is the Quick simulation time for using the mesh with Delaunay regularization in two dimensions, if we increase the mesh the FEM gives better results. This paper presents the transmission coefficient, return loss and the electric field distribution. The results obtained from QFEM were compared with those provided by HFSS for validation. When using the discretization with the Delaunay procedure only in two dimensions, we notice that the calculated simulation time decreases with good precision.
{"title":"The chamfered bend two, four and eight-way SIW power dividers analysis for millimeter wave applications using the quick finite element method","authors":"B. Fellah, N. Cherif, M. Abri, H. Badaoui","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1817","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose three kinds of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIWs) based chamfered bend power divider junctions provide equal power distribution to all output ports while maintaining high isolation and operating in the 54 GHz to 60 GHz frequency band. The advantages of the SIW technology are ease of design, fabrication and low form and full integration with planar printed circuits. In this case, the concept of the SIW H-plane power divider is implemented using a rigorous two-dimensional quick finite element method (2D-QFEM) programmed by MATLAB software. The numerical performance of this method is the Quick simulation time for using the mesh with Delaunay regularization in two dimensions, if we increase the mesh the FEM gives better results. This paper presents the transmission coefficient, return loss and the electric field distribution. The results obtained from QFEM were compared with those provided by HFSS for validation. When using the discretization with the Delaunay procedure only in two dimensions, we notice that the calculated simulation time decreases with good precision.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45893358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Symmetrical ring resonator metamaterial along with fractal boundary is proposed for Band Pass Filter (BPF) design in this paper. A combination of symmetrical ring resonators and vias is used for designing a bandpass filter. Bandpass filter with low insertion loss, better fractional bandwidth even at higher frequencies is achieved by using moore fractal applied symmetrical ring metamaterial resonators along the microstrip transmission line. The operating frequency range of the simulated filter is in the C-band between 5.47 GHz - 6 GHz having fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 9.25% and with a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB. Application of moore fractal to the above implementation improved the bandwidth of the filter. Fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator simulated filter operates in the C-band between 7.15 GHz - 8.15 GHz having FBW of 13%, with a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB. The proposed filter is simulated, fabricated and S-parameters are measured using network analyzer N5222A. S-parameters results of fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator filter realized from simulations match closely with those from measurements results performed on prototypes but with a small shift in a frequency range. The measured filter operates in 6.95 GHz - 7.8 GHz having FBW of 11.5%, with a minimum insertion loss of 0.4 dB.
{"title":"Design of C band Bandpass Filter using Fractal based Symmetrical Ring Resonator","authors":"A. Sowjanya, D. Vakula","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1851","url":null,"abstract":"Symmetrical ring resonator metamaterial along with fractal boundary is proposed for Band Pass Filter (BPF) design in this paper. A combination of symmetrical ring resonators and vias is used for designing a bandpass filter. Bandpass filter with low insertion loss, better fractional bandwidth even at higher frequencies is achieved by using moore fractal applied symmetrical ring metamaterial resonators along the microstrip transmission line. The operating frequency range of the simulated filter is in the C-band between 5.47 GHz - 6 GHz having fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 9.25% and with a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB. Application of moore fractal to the above implementation improved the bandwidth of the filter. Fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator simulated filter operates in the C-band between 7.15 GHz - 8.15 GHz having FBW of 13%, with a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB. The proposed filter is simulated, fabricated and S-parameters are measured using network analyzer N5222A. S-parameters results of fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator filter realized from simulations match closely with those from measurements results performed on prototypes but with a small shift in a frequency range. The measured filter operates in 6.95 GHz - 7.8 GHz having FBW of 11.5%, with a minimum insertion loss of 0.4 dB.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a 2.5 GHz fractal contoured square microstrip antenna with four ring metamaterial structure, hereon referred to as optimized metamaterial inspired square fractal antenna (OMSFA), has been presented. This paper is an extension to the previously designed OMSFA [4] and aims to experimentally verify the enhanced gain and bandwidth of this antenna. The design and simulation of the proposed OMSFA was accomplished by using Ansys HFSS (v18.2). The end-to-end antenna spread area is 23 mm x 23 mm on a 46 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4). The simulated OMSFA was fabricated using Nvis 72 Prototyping Machine and measured in an anechoic chamber facility using vector network analyzer. The antenna resonates with the deepest return loss at S11 of -39.5 dB in a broad bandwidth of 2.53 GHz from 2.265 GHz to 4.79 GHz with experimental verification. The OMSFA provides an enhanced gain of 8.81 dB at the desired frequency of 2.5 GHz. The simulation and experimental results of resonance, gain and radiation pattern are found to agree maximally. The fractional bandwidth offered by this proposed antenna is 72.28%. The experimental validation confirms enhanced gain-bandwidth performance in a wide resonance band. Hence, the OMSFA is well recommended for wireless and energy harvesting rectenna applications.
{"title":"Experimental Verification of Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Fractal Contoured Metamaterial Inspired Antenna","authors":"S. Suganthi, D. Shashikumar, E. Chand","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1899","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a 2.5 GHz fractal contoured square microstrip antenna with four ring metamaterial structure, hereon referred to as optimized metamaterial inspired square fractal antenna (OMSFA), has been presented. This paper is an extension to the previously designed OMSFA [4] and aims to experimentally verify the enhanced gain and bandwidth of this antenna. The design and simulation of the proposed OMSFA was accomplished by using Ansys HFSS (v18.2). The end-to-end antenna spread area is 23 mm x 23 mm on a 46 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4). The simulated OMSFA was fabricated using Nvis 72 Prototyping Machine and measured in an anechoic chamber facility using vector network analyzer. The antenna resonates with the deepest return loss at S11 of -39.5 dB in a broad bandwidth of 2.53 GHz from 2.265 GHz to 4.79 GHz with experimental verification. The OMSFA provides an enhanced gain of 8.81 dB at the desired frequency of 2.5 GHz. The simulation and experimental results of resonance, gain and radiation pattern are found to agree maximally. The fractional bandwidth offered by this proposed antenna is 72.28%. The experimental validation confirms enhanced gain-bandwidth performance in a wide resonance band. Hence, the OMSFA is well recommended for wireless and energy harvesting rectenna applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, Y. Kalinichenko, O. Bulashenko
Modern wireless networks, stationary terrestrial and satellite systems use many modern technologies to increase communication channels information capacity. They save limited frequency resources. In satellite communications the polarization signal processing is applied to reuse the allocated frequency bands. Usage of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, which transmit useful signals, reduces fading effects and eliminates disadvantages introduced by multipath propagation interferences. In this case the distortion levels for signals with an odd number of electromagnetic waves reflections in the receiving antenna systems will be reduced down to the thresholds of their cross-polarization isolation. Besides, in the case of orthogonal polarizations usage, the achieved information capacity of the applied wireless communication channel multiples almost by the factor of two. The type of polarization of the used electromagnetic wave strongly determinates the peculiarities of the process of its propagation in the space or transmission line. Polarization signal processing is frequently carried out in horn feed systems of the reflector antennas. Such feed networks and systems allow to transmit and receive signals with several kinds of polarization at the same time. The fundamental element of dual circular polarization antenna feed networks is a waveguide polarization duplexer. The phase, isolation and matching characteristics of a polarization converter strongly influence on the functionality and polarization discrimination possibilities of the entire reflector antenna system. Therefore, the development and optimization of the characteristics of waveguide polarizers for satellite communication antennas is a crucial technical problem, which must be solved by fast and accurate methods. The comparison of electromagnetic performance of waveguide polarizers with sizes obtained using a fast single-mode technique and by more accurate trust region optimization method is carried out in this research. The results for differential phase shift, level of voltage standing wave ratio, ellipticity coefficient and cross-polarization discrimination are shown and discussed.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Performance of Waveguide Polarizers with Sizes Obtained by Single-Mode Technique and by Trust Region Optimization","authors":"S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, Y. Kalinichenko, O. Bulashenko","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1809","url":null,"abstract":"Modern wireless networks, stationary terrestrial and satellite systems use many modern technologies to increase communication channels information capacity. They save limited frequency resources. In satellite communications the polarization signal processing is applied to reuse the allocated frequency bands. Usage of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, which transmit useful signals, reduces fading effects and eliminates disadvantages introduced by multipath propagation interferences. In this case the distortion levels for signals with an odd number of electromagnetic waves reflections in the receiving antenna systems will be reduced down to the thresholds of their cross-polarization isolation. Besides, in the case of orthogonal polarizations usage, the achieved information capacity of the applied wireless communication channel multiples almost by the factor of two. The type of polarization of the used electromagnetic wave strongly determinates the peculiarities of the process of its propagation in the space or transmission line. Polarization signal processing is frequently carried out in horn feed systems of the reflector antennas. Such feed networks and systems allow to transmit and receive signals with several kinds of polarization at the same time. The fundamental element of dual circular polarization antenna feed networks is a waveguide polarization duplexer. The phase, isolation and matching characteristics of a polarization converter strongly influence on the functionality and polarization discrimination possibilities of the entire reflector antenna system. Therefore, the development and optimization of the characteristics of waveguide polarizers for satellite communication antennas is a crucial technical problem, which must be solved by fast and accurate methods. The comparison of electromagnetic performance of waveguide polarizers with sizes obtained using a fast single-mode technique and by more accurate trust region optimization method is carried out in this research. The results for differential phase shift, level of voltage standing wave ratio, ellipticity coefficient and cross-polarization discrimination are shown and discussed.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46654149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A compact high-isolation diversity and circular polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fabric antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications is presented. A metamaterial (MTM)-inspired radiating element is used for the miniaturization of the presented fabric antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a denim substrate and has a dimension of 58 mm x 23 mm x 1.6 mm. The circular polarization is achieved by trimming the two diagonal corners of the radiating elements. A defected ground structure (DGS) comprising two U-slots is placed underneath each radiator to increase the bandwidth of the presented antenna. The isolation characteristics between the two antenna elements are increased by 20 dB by cutting a slit in a ground plane. The proposed CP-MIMO antenna incorporates an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer to limit backward radiation towards the human body and hence enhances the gain. This antenna has been created on a denim substrate with permittivity εr =1.6 and 1.6 mm thickness. The proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 6.6 % (2.38-2.54 GHz), and an impedance bandwidth about 160 MHz. The antenna has a peak gain of 2.5 dBi without AMC and 4.5 dBi with AMC. To validate the simulation results, a prototype for the proposed antenna has been fabricated and experimentally characterized. Due to its small size, low specific absorption rate (SAR), ease of integration, and robustness, this antenna is a good option for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications.
{"title":"A Compact Circular Polarized MIMO Fabric Antenna with AMC Backing for WBAN Applications","authors":"T. Pathan, Dr. Bhagwat kakde","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1953","url":null,"abstract":"A compact high-isolation diversity and circular polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fabric antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications is presented. A metamaterial (MTM)-inspired radiating element is used for the miniaturization of the presented fabric antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a denim substrate and has a dimension of 58 mm x 23 mm x 1.6 mm. The circular polarization is achieved by trimming the two diagonal corners of the radiating elements. A defected ground structure (DGS) comprising two U-slots is placed underneath each radiator to increase the bandwidth of the presented antenna. The isolation characteristics between the two antenna elements are increased by 20 dB by cutting a slit in a ground plane. The proposed CP-MIMO antenna incorporates an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer to limit backward radiation towards the human body and hence enhances the gain. This antenna has been created on a denim substrate with permittivity εr =1.6 and 1.6 mm thickness. The proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 6.6 % (2.38-2.54 GHz), and an impedance bandwidth about 160 MHz. The antenna has a peak gain of 2.5 dBi without AMC and 4.5 dBi with AMC. To validate the simulation results, a prototype for the proposed antenna has been fabricated and experimentally characterized. Due to its small size, low specific absorption rate (SAR), ease of integration, and robustness, this antenna is a good option for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a planar four-port microstrip line-fed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna operating at 5G millimeter-wave candidate bands of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. A rectangular-shaped patch antenna is designed as a main radiator to obtain a resonance at 28 GHz. Etching of a single-element split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell from the basic patch radiator introduces an additional resonance band at 38 GHz. The suggested MIMO antenna is built on Rogers RT5880 substrate material with a dimension of 14 mm × 14 mm, a thickness of 0.8 mm, and a relative permittivity of 2.2.The measured results show that the antenna achieves bandwidths of 26.6-29 GHz and 37.3-39.3 GHz, whereas greater than 25 dB of port isolation between antenna elements over both bands is obtained without applying any complex decoupling structure. The antenna’s equivalent circuit diagram is presented with the help of lumped elements to characterize its electrical responses. The investigated diversity performance parameters, which result in an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.005, diversity gain of almost 10 dB, and channel capacity loss of less than 0.35 bits/s/Hz, are all found within their conventional limits. The findings show the viability of the design for millimeter-wave 5G applications.
{"title":"A Compact Planar Four-port MIMO Antenna for 28/38 GHz Millimeter-wave 5G Applications","authors":"A. D. Tadesse, O. P. Acharya, S. Sahu","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1947","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a planar four-port microstrip line-fed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna operating at 5G millimeter-wave candidate bands of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. A rectangular-shaped patch antenna is designed as a main radiator to obtain a resonance at 28 GHz. Etching of a single-element split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell from the basic patch radiator introduces an additional resonance band at 38 GHz. The suggested MIMO antenna is built on Rogers RT5880 substrate material with a dimension of 14 mm × 14 mm, a thickness of 0.8 mm, and a relative permittivity of 2.2.The measured results show that the antenna achieves bandwidths of 26.6-29 GHz and 37.3-39.3 GHz, whereas greater than 25 dB of port isolation between antenna elements over both bands is obtained without applying any complex decoupling structure. The antenna’s equivalent circuit diagram is presented with the help of lumped elements to characterize its electrical responses. The investigated diversity performance parameters, which result in an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.005, diversity gain of almost 10 dB, and channel capacity loss of less than 0.35 bits/s/Hz, are all found within their conventional limits. The findings show the viability of the design for millimeter-wave 5G applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42691173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bulashenko, S. Piltyay, A. Polishchuk, O. Bulashenko, H. Kushnir, I. Zabegalov
Waveguide devices of polarization processing are key elements of modern dual-polarized antenna systems. Such antenna systems carry out polarization transformation and separation of signals with orthogonal polarizations in satellite communications and radar appliances. Well-known electrodynamic methods are used to simulate performance of such devices. This paper investigates the accuracy and mutual matching of wave matrix method with FDTD and FEM. The wave matrix method is based on the theory of scattering and transmission matrices. The main electromagnetic characteristics of a polarizer were obtained through the elements of these matrices. The main characteristics of a polarizer were compared. They include phase difference of orthogonal polarizations, level of voltage standing wave, ellipticity coefficient and level of cross-polarization isolation. Comparison of electromagnetic characteristics was carried out at the example of a waveguide iris polarizer for the operating frequency range from 13.0 to 14.4 GHz. In addition, the process of optimization of electromagnetic characteristics was carried out by changing the geometric dimensions of a polarizer. Calculated by different theoretical methods characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results, which were obtained by considered methods, are in good agreement
{"title":"Accuracy and Agreement of FDTD, FEM and Wave Matrix Methods for the Electromagnetic Simulation of Waveguide Polarizers","authors":"A. Bulashenko, S. Piltyay, A. Polishchuk, O. Bulashenko, H. Kushnir, I. Zabegalov","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1694","url":null,"abstract":"Waveguide devices of polarization processing are key elements of modern dual-polarized antenna systems. Such antenna systems carry out polarization transformation and separation of signals with orthogonal polarizations in satellite communications and radar appliances. Well-known electrodynamic methods are used to simulate performance of such devices. This paper investigates the accuracy and mutual matching of wave matrix method with FDTD and FEM. The wave matrix method is based on the theory of scattering and transmission matrices. The main electromagnetic characteristics of a polarizer were obtained through the elements of these matrices. The main characteristics of a polarizer were compared. They include phase difference of orthogonal polarizations, level of voltage standing wave, ellipticity coefficient and level of cross-polarization isolation. Comparison of electromagnetic characteristics was carried out at the example of a waveguide iris polarizer for the operating frequency range from 13.0 to 14.4 GHz. In addition, the process of optimization of electromagnetic characteristics was carried out by changing the geometric dimensions of a polarizer. Calculated by different theoretical methods characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results, which were obtained by considered methods, are in good agreement","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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