Using WKB method the peculiarities of the temporal spectrum of an ordinary and extraordinary electromagnetic wave scattered in a weakly randomly inhomogeneous three-dimensional nonstationary and conductive magnetized plasma are investigated. On the basis of the stochastic differential transport equation for the frequency fluctuation the broadening and the displacement of the temporal spectrum for both waves are obtained for the polar terrestrial ionosphere. These statistical characteristics contains anisotropic parameters: velocity of a plasma stream, conductivities of the ionosphere, elongated electron density irregularities are characterized by the anisotropy factor and inclination angle with respect to the geomagnetic lines of forces. The analysis of the power spectrum of the waves as a function of the propagation distance and the nondimensional frequency parameter containing the carrier frequency and characteristic temporal scale of electron density fluctuations are carried out. Analytical and numerical calculations have shown that the terrestrial conductivity and anisotropy factors exert a substantial influence on evaluation of the temporal spectrum than the inclination angle. It was found that the wave spectrum increases initially as the square root of the propagation distance, but at large distances it approaches a limiting value. Statistical moments of a scattered ordinary and extraordinary waves do not depend on an absorption sign and valid for both absorptive and active media.
{"title":"Temporal Spectrum of a Scattered Electromagnetic Waves in the Conductive Collision Turbulent Magnetized Plasma","authors":"G. Jandieri, A. Ishimaru, B. Rawat, N. Tugushi","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i1.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i1.1859","url":null,"abstract":"Using WKB method the peculiarities of the temporal spectrum of an ordinary and extraordinary electromagnetic wave scattered in a weakly randomly inhomogeneous three-dimensional nonstationary and conductive magnetized plasma are investigated. On the basis of the stochastic differential transport equation for the frequency fluctuation the broadening and the displacement of the temporal spectrum for both waves are obtained for the polar terrestrial ionosphere. These statistical characteristics contains anisotropic parameters: velocity of a plasma stream, conductivities of the ionosphere, elongated electron density irregularities are characterized by the anisotropy factor and inclination angle with respect to the geomagnetic lines of forces. The analysis of the power spectrum of the waves as a function of the propagation distance and the nondimensional frequency parameter containing the carrier frequency and characteristic temporal scale of electron density fluctuations are carried out. Analytical and numerical calculations have shown that the terrestrial conductivity and anisotropy factors exert a substantial influence on evaluation of the temporal spectrum than the inclination angle. It was found that the wave spectrum increases initially as the square root of the propagation distance, but at large distances it approaches a limiting value. Statistical moments of a scattered ordinary and extraordinary waves do not depend on an absorption sign and valid for both absorptive and active media.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Failure of element (s) in antenna arrays impair (s) symmetry and lead to unwanted distorted radiation pattern. The replacement of defective elements in aircraft antennas is a solution to the problem, but it remains a critical problem in space stations. In this paper, an antenna array diagnosis technique based on multivalued neural network (mNN) inverse modeling is proposed. Since inverse analytical input-to-output formulation is generally a challenging and important task in solving the inverse problem of array diagnosis, ANN is a compelling alternative, because it is trainable and learns from data in inverse modelling. The mNN technique proposed is an inverse modelling technique, which accommodates measurements for output model. This network takes radiation pattern samples with faults and matches it to the corresponding position or location of the faulty elements in that antenna array. In addition, we develop a new training error function, which focuses on the matching of each training sample by a value of our proposed inverse model, while the remaining values are free, and trained to match distorted radiation patterns. Thereby, mNN learns all training data by redirecting the faulty elements patterns into various values of the inverse model. Therefore, mNN is able to perform accurate array diagnosis in an automated and simpler manner.
{"title":"An Effective Antenna Array Diagnosis Method via Multivalued Neural Network Inverse Modeling Approach","authors":"O. J. Famoriji, T. Shongwe","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1784","url":null,"abstract":"Failure of element (s) in antenna arrays impair (s) symmetry and lead to unwanted distorted radiation pattern. The replacement of defective elements in aircraft antennas is a solution to the problem, but it remains a critical problem in space stations. In this paper, an antenna array diagnosis technique based on multivalued neural network (mNN) inverse modeling is proposed. Since inverse analytical input-to-output formulation is generally a challenging and important task in solving the inverse problem of array diagnosis, ANN is a compelling alternative, because it is trainable and learns from data in inverse modelling. The mNN technique proposed is an inverse modelling technique, which accommodates measurements for output model. This network takes radiation pattern samples with faults and matches it to the corresponding position or location of the faulty elements in that antenna array. In addition, we develop a new training error function, which focuses on the matching of each training sample by a value of our proposed inverse model, while the remaining values are free, and trained to match distorted radiation patterns. Thereby, mNN learns all training data by redirecting the faulty elements patterns into various values of the inverse model. Therefore, mNN is able to perform accurate array diagnosis in an automated and simpler manner.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48489609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband (UWB ) printed bent antenna, suitable for MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system integration with the wireless universal serial-bus (WUSB) dongle is proposed. The antenna consists of two antenna elements with an overall area of 18 X 53 mm2. Each antenna element is a simple modified folded-monopole fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The design process of proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna configuration is presented in four simple steps. Experimental results show that the proposed design has a good impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.95–18.55 GHz with 147.2% fractional bandwidth (FBW). Moreover, the proposed antenna enjoys, low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), good diversity gain (DG), low total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The bit error rate (BER) of the overall MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system with the existence of the proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna is evaluated in more realistic transmission channel scenario by using the extracted transmitting and receiving UWB antennas transfer functions.
提出了一种多输入多输出(MIMO)超宽带(UWB)印刷弯曲天线，适用于MB-OFDM ECMA-368系统与无线通用串行总线(WUSB)加密狗的集成。该天线由两个天线单元组成，总面积为18 X 53 mm2。每个天线单元都是由共面波导(CPW)馈电的简单修正折叠单极子。提出了MIMO超宽带cpw馈电弯曲天线结构的设计过程，分为四个简单步骤。实验结果表明，该设计具有良好的阻抗带宽(2.95 ~ 18.55 GHz)，分数带宽(FBW)为147.2%。此外，该天线具有低的包络相关系数(ECC)、良好的分集增益(DG)、低的总主动反射系数(TARC)和全向辐射方向图。利用提取的发射和接收UWB天线传输函数，在更真实的传输信道场景下，评估了MIMO超宽带cpw馈电弯曲天线存在时，整个MB-OFDM ECMA-368系统的误码率(BER)。
{"title":"MIMO CPW-Fed Bent Antenna Based USB Dongle for ECMA-368 WPANs","authors":"Y. Beddiafi, D. Abed, A. Boualleg, E. Mehallel","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1676","url":null,"abstract":"A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband (UWB ) printed bent antenna, suitable for MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system integration with the wireless universal serial-bus (WUSB) dongle is proposed. The antenna consists of two antenna elements with an overall area of 18 X 53 mm2. Each antenna element is a simple modified folded-monopole fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The design process of proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna configuration is presented in four simple steps. Experimental results show that the proposed design has a good impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.95–18.55 GHz with 147.2% fractional bandwidth (FBW). Moreover, the proposed antenna enjoys, low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), good diversity gain (DG), low total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The bit error rate (BER) of the overall MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system with the existence of the proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna is evaluated in more realistic transmission channel scenario by using the extracted transmitting and receiving UWB antennas transfer functions.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71127598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Saxena, Y. Khanna, Yogendra Kumar Awasthi, P. Jain
this article, a multi-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber is designed for THz imaging and EMI shielding. A unique oval-shaped structure with three circular ring-shaped resonators is proposed with a unit cell dimension of36×36×19.6μm3. The absorbance of the proposed multiband MMA is 98.57%, 90%and 99.85% at 5.58, 7.98-8.84, 11.45THz frequency respectively. Return loss is nearly the same for the changing incident and polarization angle. Therefore, this metamaterial absorber with a wide range of polarization insensitivity is found and it is also suitable for quantum RADAR Imaging, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Multi-Band Polarization Insensitive Ultra-Thin THz Metamaterial Absorber for Imaging and EMI Shielding Applications","authors":"G. Saxena, Y. Khanna, Yogendra Kumar Awasthi, P. Jain","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1759","url":null,"abstract":"this article, a multi-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber is designed for THz imaging and EMI shielding. A unique oval-shaped structure with three circular ring-shaped resonators is proposed with a unit cell dimension of36×36×19.6μm3. The absorbance of the proposed multiband MMA is 98.57%, 90%and 99.85% at 5.58, 7.98-8.84, 11.45THz frequency respectively. Return loss is nearly the same for the changing incident and polarization angle. Therefore, this metamaterial absorber with a wide range of polarization insensitivity is found and it is also suitable for quantum RADAR Imaging, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filter using defected ground structure cells (DGS) is proposed. By using the periodic square CSRR resonant properties of DGS according to design requirement, an X-band band-pass filter is designed and analyzed to meet compact size, low insertion loss, and high rejection. The simulation results obtained by CST in X-band show that the proposed filter is characterized by a large transmitted bandwidth of about 1.38 GHz from 13.03 to 14.41 GHz. The higher simulated insertion loss is about −2.6 dB and the lower return loss is about −34 dB. The proposed filter size is 9.50 × 38.00 mm2 which make it a compact component. The structure is optimized using CST simulator. For the proposal validation, the simulation results is compared by HFSS. The simulation results are in good agreement for the two simulator.
{"title":"CSRR-DGS Bandpass Filter Based on Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide for X-Band Applications","authors":"B. Fellah, N. Cherif, M. Abri, H. Badaoui","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1782","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filter using defected ground structure cells (DGS) is proposed. By using the periodic square CSRR resonant properties of DGS according to design requirement, an X-band band-pass filter is designed and analyzed to meet compact size, low insertion loss, and high rejection. The simulation results obtained by CST in X-band show that the proposed filter is characterized by a large transmitted bandwidth of about 1.38 GHz from 13.03 to 14.41 GHz. The higher simulated insertion loss is about −2.6 dB and the lower return loss is about −34 dB. The proposed filter size is 9.50 × 38.00 mm2 which make it a compact component. The structure is optimized using CST simulator. For the proposal validation, the simulation results is compared by HFSS. The simulation results are in good agreement for the two simulator.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42542871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of development and optimization of a new square waveguide polarizer with diagonally located square irises. The application of suggested geometrical modification of irises form and location instead of a standard wall-to-wall irises configuration allows to exclude 45-degree twists between wideband waveguide polarizer and orthomode transducer of a dual-polarized antenna feed system. In addition, a waveguide polarizer and polarization duplexer can be manufactured by milling technology as two single details, which makes the proposed engineering solution reliable, simple for simulation, development and application. Suggested new polarizer design was developed for the satellite operating Ka-band. It contains 12 irises, which are symmetrically located in the diagonal corners of a square waveguide. Obtained optimal polarization converter provides excellent matching and polarization performance. The maximum level of VSWR is less than 1.04 for both orthogonal polarizations. Values of cross-polarization discrimination are higher than 32 dB in the operating Ka-band. Developed square waveguide polarizer with diagonally located irises can be applied in modern wideband satellite antennas.
{"title":"Square Waveguide Polarizer with Diagonally Located Irises for Ka-Band Antenna Systems","authors":"S. Piltyay","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1780","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of development and optimization of a new square waveguide polarizer with diagonally located square irises. The application of suggested geometrical modification of irises form and location instead of a standard wall-to-wall irises configuration allows to exclude 45-degree twists between wideband waveguide polarizer and orthomode transducer of a dual-polarized antenna feed system. In addition, a waveguide polarizer and polarization duplexer can be manufactured by milling technology as two single details, which makes the proposed engineering solution reliable, simple for simulation, development and application. Suggested new polarizer design was developed for the satellite operating Ka-band. It contains 12 irises, which are symmetrically located in the diagonal corners of a square waveguide. Obtained optimal polarization converter provides excellent matching and polarization performance. The maximum level of VSWR is less than 1.04 for both orthogonal polarizations. Values of cross-polarization discrimination are higher than 32 dB in the operating Ka-band. Developed square waveguide polarizer with diagonally located irises can be applied in modern wideband satellite antennas.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, V. Shuliak, O. Bulashenko
In this article we present the results of mathematical simulation, development and optimization of a waveguide polarizer with a diaphragm and pins. A mathematical model was developed using the proposed approach on the example of a waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins. The diaphragm and pins were modeled as inductive or capacitive elements for two types of linear polarization of the fundamental modes. The applied model uses a wave scattering matrix. The total matrix of a polarizer was obtained using wave matrices of transmission of individual elements of the device structure. Using the elements of the common S-parameters the electromagnetic characteristics of the device, which is considered, were obtained. To check the performance of the developed mathematical model, it was simulated in a software using the finite element technique in the frequency domain. The designed structure of the polarizer is adjustable due to mechanical change in the length of the pins. The developed waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins provides a reflection coefficient of less than 0.36 and a transmission coefficient of more than 0.93 for two types of polarizations. Therefore, a new theoretical method was developed in the article for analysis of scattering matrix elements of a waveguide polarizer with diaphragms and pins. It can also be used for the development of new tunable waveguide polarizers, filters and other components with diaphragms and pins.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Simulation of New Tunable Guide Polarizers with Diaphragms and Pins","authors":"S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, V. Shuliak, O. Bulashenko","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1737","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we present the results of mathematical simulation, development and optimization of a waveguide polarizer with a diaphragm and pins. A mathematical model was developed using the proposed approach on the example of a waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins. The diaphragm and pins were modeled as inductive or capacitive elements for two types of linear polarization of the fundamental modes. The applied model uses a wave scattering matrix. The total matrix of a polarizer was obtained using wave matrices of transmission of individual elements of the device structure. Using the elements of the common S-parameters the electromagnetic characteristics of the device, which is considered, were obtained. To check the performance of the developed mathematical model, it was simulated in a software using the finite element technique in the frequency domain. The designed structure of the polarizer is adjustable due to mechanical change in the length of the pins. The developed waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins provides a reflection coefficient of less than 0.36 and a transmission coefficient of more than 0.93 for two types of polarizations. Therefore, a new theoretical method was developed in the article for analysis of scattering matrix elements of a waveguide polarizer with diaphragms and pins. It can also be used for the development of new tunable waveguide polarizers, filters and other components with diaphragms and pins.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46692010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents two new designs of reduced size broadband microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation. A folded triangular patch’s feeding technique, V-shaped slot, half V-shaped slot and shorting pins are employed to design the suggested antennas. The shorting pins are applied at the edge of structures to miniaturize the size of the patches. The suggested design with the V-shaped slot provides the measured impedance bandwidth (S11˂-10 dB) of 3.91-12 GHz (101.7%) for broadband application. In the suggested design with the V-shaped slot, the wide bandwidth with an acceptable size reduction is achieved. By introducing a suggested half design with the half V-shaped slot, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed half structure is improved from 4 to 17.22 GHz. The half design includes a measured impedance bandwidth of 124.6% with reduced size of more than 93% compared to the corresponding full design and an enhanced measured bandwidth of 23%. The obtained radiation and impedance results show that the suggested designs are applicable for wideband operation. Besides, the effects of some basic concepts and surface currents on the suggested structures are investigated to explain their broadband performance.
{"title":"Compact Broadband Microstrip Triangular Antennas Fed By Folded Triangular Patch for Wireless Applications","authors":"H. Malekpoor, M. Shahraki","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i3.1682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1682","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents two new designs of reduced size broadband microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation. A folded triangular patch’s feeding technique, V-shaped slot, half V-shaped slot and shorting pins are employed to design the suggested antennas. The shorting pins are applied at the edge of structures to miniaturize the size of the patches. The suggested design with the V-shaped slot provides the measured impedance bandwidth (S11˂-10 dB) of 3.91-12 GHz (101.7%) for broadband application. In the suggested design with the V-shaped slot, the wide bandwidth with an acceptable size reduction is achieved. By introducing a suggested half design with the half V-shaped slot, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed half structure is improved from 4 to 17.22 GHz. The half design includes a measured impedance bandwidth of 124.6% with reduced size of more than 93% compared to the corresponding full design and an enhanced measured bandwidth of 23%. The obtained radiation and impedance results show that the suggested designs are applicable for wideband operation. Besides, the effects of some basic concepts and surface currents on the suggested structures are investigated to explain their broadband performance.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A frequency reconfigurable multi-band MIMO antenna is presented in this study. The single antenna consists of only one PIN diode that can change antenna operating frequencies from different quad-band to another one. Their bands not only cover the popular NB-IoT bands such as 900MHz, 1.8GHz, 2.4GHz for Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID, GSM communication but also contain 5G IoT bands which are 2.4GHz, 2.6 GHz and 5GHz for LTE-A, 802.11n, ac, and 5G below 10GHz. Basing on the complex structure of ring and new moon shape, the single antenna achieves a compact size of 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm which is about 76% reduction compared to a conventional ring antenna at 900MHz. Besides, a structure of gradient arcs is proposed to decrease mutual coupling among closed-spaced elements of MIMO antenna for the distance of 0.033l at the lower band from edge to edge. The proposed antennas are analyzed by CST software, VNA measurement, and IEEE 802.11 USB Adapter that the simulated, measured as well as experimental results are agreed well.
本研究提出一种频率可重构的多频带MIMO天线。单天线仅由一个PIN二极管组成，该二极管可以将天线的工作频率从不同的四频段转换为另一个四频段。他们的频段不仅涵盖了流行的NB-IoT频段，如900MHz, 1.8GHz, 2.4GHz的Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID, GSM通信，还包含5G物联网频段，即2.4GHz, 2.6 GHz和5GHz的LTE-A, 802.11n, ac和10GHz以下的5G。基于环形和新月形状的复杂结构，单天线实现了30 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm的紧凑尺寸，与传统的900MHz环形天线相比，缩小了约76%。此外，还提出了一种梯度弧线结构，以减少MIMO天线下频带近距离0.033l的单元间相互耦合。采用CST软件、VNA测量和IEEE 802.11 USB适配器对所设计的天线进行了分析，仿真、测量和实验结果吻合良好。
{"title":"Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband MIMO Antenna Base on Gradient Arcs for IoT Devices","authors":"D. T. T. Tu, N. V. Sang","doi":"10.7716/aem.v10i2.1524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1524","url":null,"abstract":"A frequency reconfigurable multi-band MIMO antenna is presented in this study. The single antenna consists of only one PIN diode that can change antenna operating frequencies from different quad-band to another one. Their bands not only cover the popular NB-IoT bands such as 900MHz, 1.8GHz, 2.4GHz for Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID, GSM communication but also contain 5G IoT bands which are 2.4GHz, 2.6 GHz and 5GHz for LTE-A, 802.11n, ac, and 5G below 10GHz. Basing on the complex structure of ring and new moon shape, the single antenna achieves a compact size of 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm which is about 76% reduction compared to a conventional ring antenna at 900MHz. Besides, a structure of gradient arcs is proposed to decrease mutual coupling among closed-spaced elements of MIMO antenna for the distance of 0.033l at the lower band from edge to edge. The proposed antennas are analyzed by CST software, VNA measurement, and IEEE 802.11 USB Adapter that the simulated, measured as well as experimental results are agreed well.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is divided into two sections, in the first section, a new SIW and a half-mode SIW band-pass filters based on complementary hexagonal metamaterial cells (C-HMCs) are proposed. Firstly, the SIW is analyzed in case of using two C-HMC cells and in the case of using four of these cells. Secondly, the HMSIW tunable BPF is studied and optimized. The size of the half mode is reduced by almost 50%. This filter design has a very high insertion loss about -0.4 dB, and significant transmission bandwidth extending from 5.9 GHz to 6.5 GHz. In the second section of this paper, an electronically reconfigurable SIW band-pass filter is proposed. By implementing two PIN diodes in the gaps of the two C-HMC, the results of turning the diodes ON or OFF individually is a switching in the frequency center, between 5.8 GHz and 6.8 GHz. Also, a dual band with two frequency centers at (5.6 GHz and 7.4 GHz) is achieved by turning both of the diodes ON. In addition, the metamaterial properties of all the proposed filters are investigated and presented in this work.
{"title":"Design of Complementary Hexagonal Metamaterial Based HMSIW Band-Pass Filter and Reconfigurable SIW Filter Using PIN Diodes","authors":"Hichem Boubakar, M. Abri, M. Benaissa","doi":"10.7716/AEM.V10I2.1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/AEM.V10I2.1596","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is divided into two sections, in the first section, a new SIW and a half-mode SIW band-pass filters based on complementary hexagonal metamaterial cells (C-HMCs) are proposed. Firstly, the SIW is analyzed in case of using two C-HMC cells and in the case of using four of these cells. Secondly, the HMSIW tunable BPF is studied and optimized. The size of the half mode is reduced by almost 50%. This filter design has a very high insertion loss about -0.4 dB, and significant transmission bandwidth extending from 5.9 GHz to 6.5 GHz. In the second section of this paper, an electronically reconfigurable SIW band-pass filter is proposed. By implementing two PIN diodes in the gaps of the two C-HMC, the results of turning the diodes ON or OFF individually is a switching in the frequency center, between 5.8 GHz and 6.8 GHz. Also, a dual band with two frequency centers at (5.6 GHz and 7.4 GHz) is achieved by turning both of the diodes ON. In addition, the metamaterial properties of all the proposed filters are investigated and presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：