An asymptotic solution based on high-frequency approximations is proposed to determine the scattered waves from a wide empty isosceles triangular cavity. The modal method based on cylindrical wavefunction expansion with the physical optics technique is used to find analytical expressions for the unknown expansion coefficients and significantly improve the time efficiency of calculations. Some assumptions and simplifications are made to reduce the complexity of the problem while still being accurate for wide triangular cavities. Comparisons are achieved to illustrate the validity and time efficiency of the suggested solution.
{"title":"An Asymptotic High-Frequency Solution for Scattering from an Electrically Wide Triangular Cavity","authors":"M. Bozorgi","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i3.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1908","url":null,"abstract":"An asymptotic solution based on high-frequency approximations is proposed to determine the scattered waves from a wide empty isosceles triangular cavity. The modal method based on cylindrical wavefunction expansion with the physical optics technique is used to find analytical expressions for the unknown expansion coefficients and significantly improve the time efficiency of calculations. Some assumptions and simplifications are made to reduce the complexity of the problem while still being accurate for wide triangular cavities. Comparisons are achieved to illustrate the validity and time efficiency of the suggested solution.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a photonic quasi-crystal fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor is numerically analyzed. The fiber core is infiltrated with six hypothetical liquids, which refractive indices of them vary from 1.44 to 1.49. The reason for filling the core with different refractive index of liquids is that changeable refractive index of the core is an option to adjust the sensor performance at different intervals of analyte refractive index. Due to changes in the core refractive index, a large RI detection range from 1.38 to 1.53 is obtained and the sensor exhibits maximum spectral sensitivity of 10,000 nm/RIU. The properties of the sensor are calculated by the finite element method. The geometrical parameters of the sensor such as analyte height and gold thickness are also evaluated. The proposed sensor has a tunable capability which can be suitable for RI detection of biomedical liquid analytes in various ranges of refractive indices.
{"title":"Liquid core photonic quasi-crystal fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor for wide refractive index detection range","authors":"S. Shoar Ghaffari, S. Makouei","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1798","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a photonic quasi-crystal fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor is numerically analyzed. The fiber core is infiltrated with six hypothetical liquids, which refractive indices of them vary from 1.44 to 1.49. The reason for filling the core with different refractive index of liquids is that changeable refractive index of the core is an option to adjust the sensor performance at different intervals of analyte refractive index. Due to changes in the core refractive index, a large RI detection range from 1.38 to 1.53 is obtained and the sensor exhibits maximum spectral sensitivity of 10,000 nm/RIU. The properties of the sensor are calculated by the finite element method. The geometrical parameters of the sensor such as analyte height and gold thickness are also evaluated. The proposed sensor has a tunable capability which can be suitable for RI detection of biomedical liquid analytes in various ranges of refractive indices.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A low loss, highly selective and miniaturized dual pass band filter for the wireless (WiMAX, WLAN) application is proposed in this paper. The filter is designed with Multimode resonators, constructed with Uniform Impedance Resonator (UIR) and multiple open stubs. Two different coupling schemes (electronic and magnetic) are observed for the said dual pass bands. A detail analysis about the dimension of the resonators, resonating conditions and frequency calculations are presented in this paper. The dual pass bands are achieved at 3.45 GHz and 5.4 GHz with minimum pass band insertion loss (|IL|) 0.1 and 0.18 dB and the pass band Fractional Band widths (FBW) 4% and 8% respectively. With proper optimizations, Transmission Zeros (TZ) are achieved on both sides of the dual pass bands and the spurious pass band are kept around -20dB level and hence good selectivity is achieved. The overall size of the filter is optimized for the best possible results in terms of Insertion Loss, Return Loss and selectivity, is found to be (24.2 x 21)mm = (0.28 x 0.24)λg = 0.06 λg2.
提出了一种适用于无线(WiMAX、WLAN)应用的低损耗、高选择性、小型化双通带滤波器。该滤波器采用多模谐振器设计，由均匀阻抗谐振器(UIR)和多个开桩构成。对于上述双通带，观察到两种不同的耦合方案(电子和磁性)。本文对谐振腔的尺寸、谐振条件和频率计算进行了详细分析。在3.45 GHz和5.4 GHz实现了双通带，最小通带插入损耗(|IL|)分别为0.1和0.18 dB，通带分数带宽度(FBW)分别为4%和8%。通过适当的优化，可以在双通带的两侧实现传输零(TZ)，并且杂散通带保持在-20dB左右，从而实现良好的选择性。在插入损耗、回波损耗和选择性方面，滤波器的总体尺寸优化为(24.2 x 21)mm = (0.28 x 0.24)λg = 0.06 λg2。
{"title":"Dual Pass Band Filter using Quad Stub Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonator","authors":"A. Neogi, J. Panda","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1852","url":null,"abstract":"A low loss, highly selective and miniaturized dual pass band filter for the wireless (WiMAX, WLAN) application is proposed in this paper. The filter is designed with Multimode resonators, constructed with Uniform Impedance Resonator (UIR) and multiple open stubs. Two different coupling schemes (electronic and magnetic) are observed for the said dual pass bands. A detail analysis about the dimension of the resonators, resonating conditions and frequency calculations are presented in this paper. The dual pass bands are achieved at 3.45 GHz and 5.4 GHz with minimum pass band insertion loss (|IL|) 0.1 and 0.18 dB and the pass band Fractional Band widths (FBW) 4% and 8% respectively. With proper optimizations, Transmission Zeros (TZ) are achieved on both sides of the dual pass bands and the spurious pass band are kept around -20dB level and hence good selectivity is achieved. The overall size of the filter is optimized for the best possible results in terms of Insertion Loss, Return Loss and selectivity, is found to be (24.2 x 21)mm = (0.28 x 0.24)λg = 0.06 λg2.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the authors present an ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) for various wireless applications. The operating frequency of the proposed geometry is in the range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The proposed compact geometry antenna is applicable for the UWB applications. In order to optimize the dimensions of the antenna, a parametric analysis has been performed. The measured S11 magnitude is less than -10 dB over the band, and it has an impedance bandwidth of 10.60 GHz. The designed UWB antenna gives maximum radiation efficiency and gain of 96.5% and 3.30 dBi, respectively. Also, it gives good time-domain characteristics over the entire resonating band. The designed UWB antenna is simple geometry, and it is applicable for numerous wireless applications.
{"title":"A Miniaturized Microstrip Antenna for Ultra-wideband Applications","authors":"N. Mishra, S. Beg","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1948","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present an ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) for various wireless applications. The operating frequency of the proposed geometry is in the range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The proposed compact geometry antenna is applicable for the UWB applications. In order to optimize the dimensions of the antenna, a parametric analysis has been performed. The measured S11 magnitude is less than -10 dB over the band, and it has an impedance bandwidth of 10.60 GHz. The designed UWB antenna gives maximum radiation efficiency and gain of 96.5% and 3.30 dBi, respectively. Also, it gives good time-domain characteristics over the entire resonating band. The designed UWB antenna is simple geometry, and it is applicable for numerous wireless applications.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42919605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Touil, A. Daas, B. Helifa, A. Lahrech, L. Ibn Khaldoun
The purpose of this paper is to present a new giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, in eddy current testing technique for surface defect detection, in conducting materials, we show that the GMR based eddy currents probe is more sensitive than the inductive probe. A flat coil mounted on ferrite pot used to produce an alternate magnetic field, which gives rise to eddy currents in the material under test. Aluminum plates use with defects have nominal depths, widths, and lengths. The defects scanned with the sensing axis perpendicular to the defect length. Two parameters extracted from the GMR output voltage signal obtained, and a simple correlation between the defect’s dimensions and the GMR output voltage proposed.
{"title":"Simple Giant Magnetoresistance Probe Based Eddy Current System of Defect Characterization for Non-Destructive Testing","authors":"D. Touil, A. Daas, B. Helifa, A. Lahrech, L. Ibn Khaldoun","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1910","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present a new giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, in eddy current testing technique for surface defect detection, in conducting materials, we show that the GMR based eddy currents probe is more sensitive than the inductive probe. A flat coil mounted on ferrite pot used to produce an alternate magnetic field, which gives rise to eddy currents in the material under test. Aluminum plates use with defects have nominal depths, widths, and lengths. The defects scanned with the sensing axis perpendicular to the defect length. Two parameters extracted from the GMR output voltage signal obtained, and a simple correlation between the defect’s dimensions and the GMR output voltage proposed.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44099862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Boudkhil, B. Mansouri, M. Chetioui, M. Damou, A. Lallam, N. Benahmed
This paper presents an efficient hybrid method of filter modeling that combines a fast tuning step to global optimization technique to design a new topology of a 4th order cross-coupled resonator bandpass microwave filter. The method can rapidly extract the coupling matrix from the electromagnetic (EM) simulated scattering parameters (S-parameters) of a rectangular waveguide resonator bandpass filter with losses that will be implemented in a computer-aided tuning tool to develop a high performance microwave bandpass filter design simulated by successively adding a one resonator each time of a set of sequential tuning iterations within the ANSYS-HFSS. This minimizes the time of designing of the microwave filter's structure as well as permits to build a higher waveguide filter's order providing a complex cross-coupling. A filter parameters’ manual-coarse adjustment is finally achieved by implementing a step by step optimization tool based on the EM-simulator as a fast process for ideal refinement to the partial circuital response.
{"title":"Coupling Matrix Designing of a Cross-Coupled Resonator Waveguide Filter Based on a Fast Tuning and Step by Step Optimization Technique","authors":"A. Boudkhil, B. Mansouri, M. Chetioui, M. Damou, A. Lallam, N. Benahmed","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1758","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient hybrid method of filter modeling that combines a fast tuning step to global optimization technique to design a new topology of a 4th order cross-coupled resonator bandpass microwave filter. The method can rapidly extract the coupling matrix from the electromagnetic (EM) simulated scattering parameters (S-parameters) of a rectangular waveguide resonator bandpass filter with losses that will be implemented in a computer-aided tuning tool to develop a high performance microwave bandpass filter design simulated by successively adding a one resonator each time of a set of sequential tuning iterations within the ANSYS-HFSS. This minimizes the time of designing of the microwave filter's structure as well as permits to build a higher waveguide filter's order providing a complex cross-coupling. A filter parameters’ manual-coarse adjustment is finally achieved by implementing a step by step optimization tool based on the EM-simulator as a fast process for ideal refinement to the partial circuital response.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71127737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, different arrangements of infinite arrays of nonlinearly loaded antennas are analyzed in the frequency domain by an efficient approximate method and compared with the exact one which are respectively based on the nonlinear current and harmonic balance techniques. In one hand, although the exact method is suitable for strongly nonlinear load, it is suffering from gradient operation and initial guess in the iteration process especially under multi-tone excitations. On the other hand, although the approximate method is very efficient, it is limited to weakly nonlinear loads and low-valued incident waves. Finally, acceptable ranges for application of the approximate method versus different parameters such as nonlinearity effect of the load and the magnitude of incident wave are extracted.
{"title":"An Efficient Approximate Method for Scattering Response from Infinite Arrays of Nonlinearly Loaded Antenna in the Frequency Domain","authors":"S. R. Ostadzadeh, M. Salehi, B. Jafari","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1844","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, different arrangements of infinite arrays of nonlinearly loaded antennas are analyzed in the frequency domain by an efficient approximate method and compared with the exact one which are respectively based on the nonlinear current and harmonic balance techniques. In one hand, although the exact method is suitable for strongly nonlinear load, it is suffering from gradient operation and initial guess in the iteration process especially under multi-tone excitations. On the other hand, although the approximate method is very efficient, it is limited to weakly nonlinear loads and low-valued incident waves. Finally, acceptable ranges for application of the approximate method versus different parameters such as nonlinearity effect of the load and the magnitude of incident wave are extracted.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study involves the determination of the impact of mutual coupling between antenna elements on the performance of a dual-polarized, wide-angle scanning, phased array antenna for weather radar applications. Weather radars require dual linearly polarized antennas with low cross-polarization, and a narrow beam phased array for wide scanning angle. For this simulation-based study, a microstrip dual linearly polarized 2x20 phased array antenna operating at S-band (2.65 to 3.0 GHz) is designed. This antenna has been designed to have a cross-polarization level less than -45 dB at both polarizations and for the scan angle range of -55o to 55o, which is better than most of the existing dual-pol phased array antennas. This antenna has been used to analyze the impact of mutual coupling on cross-polarization, beamwidth, and antenna gain at various scan angles. Mutual coupling is studied in terms of antenna active element pattern and the corresponding cross-polarization value as well as the active reflection coefficient and impedance values for inter-element spacings of 0.4λ and 0.5λ. It has been found in this study that cross-polarization levels of the whole array (at various scan angles) are affected significantly because of mutual coupling between elements.
{"title":"Study on Impact of Mutual Coupling on Performance of Dual Polarized Phased Array Antenna","authors":"S. Benny, S. Sahoo, A. Mukundan","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1843","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves the determination of the impact of mutual coupling between antenna elements on the performance of a dual-polarized, wide-angle scanning, phased array antenna for weather radar applications. Weather radars require dual linearly polarized antennas with low cross-polarization, and a narrow beam phased array for wide scanning angle. For this simulation-based study, a microstrip dual linearly polarized 2x20 phased array antenna operating at S-band (2.65 to 3.0 GHz) is designed. This antenna has been designed to have a cross-polarization level less than -45 dB at both polarizations and for the scan angle range of -55o to 55o, which is better than most of the existing dual-pol phased array antennas. This antenna has been used to analyze the impact of mutual coupling on cross-polarization, beamwidth, and antenna gain at various scan angles. Mutual coupling is studied in terms of antenna active element pattern and the corresponding cross-polarization value as well as the active reflection coefficient and impedance values for inter-element spacings of 0.4λ and 0.5λ. It has been found in this study that cross-polarization levels of the whole array (at various scan angles) are affected significantly because of mutual coupling between elements.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45318954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, I. Fesyuk, O. Bulashenko
This article presents the results of analysis, numerical simulations and optimization of new narrowband guide septulum polarization converters. Orthomode duplexers and polarization converter designs based on septulums are widely used in modern microwave systems with orthogonal circularly polarized signals. Septulum guide polarizer is an effective compact device, which transforms right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) electromagnetic modes into linearly polarized ones. At the same time it divides RHCP and LHCP modes and directs them to two different rectangular guides with high signal discrimination to each other. Thus, a septulum-based guide device integrates performance of a polarization transformer and of an orthomode duplexer. The main electromagnetic characteristics of the polarization converter were simulated in software based on the finite elements method in the frequency domain. The proposed design of a compact narrowband guide polarization converter has a septulum with two steps. Several designs of septulum polarization converters were developed and compared for different relative bandwidths of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The comparative investigation of the obtained designs was carried out. Main electromagnetic characteristics of optimal septulum polarization converters were compared. These include return losses, cross-polarization discrimination, ellipticity parameter, and ports discrimination. It was demonstrated that in 5% fractional bandwidth a compact 2-stepped septulum polarization converter has return losses greater than 22 dB. Its cross-polarization discrimination and ports discrimination are greater than 25 and 27 dB. Developed compact septulum polarization converters can be applied in modern antenna systems for radars and satellite communication systems.
{"title":"Compact 2-step Septulum Polarization Converters for Radars and Satellite Systems","authors":"S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, I. Fesyuk, O. Bulashenko","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1789","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of analysis, numerical simulations and optimization of new narrowband guide septulum polarization converters. Orthomode duplexers and polarization converter designs based on septulums are widely used in modern microwave systems with orthogonal circularly polarized signals. Septulum guide polarizer is an effective compact device, which transforms right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) electromagnetic modes into linearly polarized ones. At the same time it divides RHCP and LHCP modes and directs them to two different rectangular guides with high signal discrimination to each other. Thus, a septulum-based guide device integrates performance of a polarization transformer and of an orthomode duplexer. The main electromagnetic characteristics of the polarization converter were simulated in software based on the finite elements method in the frequency domain. The proposed design of a compact narrowband guide polarization converter has a septulum with two steps. Several designs of septulum polarization converters were developed and compared for different relative bandwidths of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The comparative investigation of the obtained designs was carried out. Main electromagnetic characteristics of optimal septulum polarization converters were compared. These include return losses, cross-polarization discrimination, ellipticity parameter, and ports discrimination. It was demonstrated that in 5% fractional bandwidth a compact 2-stepped septulum polarization converter has return losses greater than 22 dB. Its cross-polarization discrimination and ports discrimination are greater than 25 and 27 dB. Developed compact septulum polarization converters can be applied in modern antenna systems for radars and satellite communication systems.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hollow waveguide slot array antenna with a total of 338x106.5x28.9 mm3 is proposed as a sensor for radar applications at K-band. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating slot plate with 8x32 slots, a middle plate with 64 cavities and apertures, and a full-corporate-feeding network. The antenna is fabricated with these three parts in which the sub-array feeding technique is employed. The proposed antenna is designed for millimeter-wave short-range radar applications. For this purpose, the antenna radiates and achieves reasonable gain values between 23.72–25.30 GHz frequencies with 6.45% bandwidth. The measurement directivity is 32.1 dBi, and the realized gain of the antenna is measured as 30.83 dBi at 24.5 GHz center frequency with 74.8% total efficiency. The antenna achieves high gain and efficiency with straightforward fabrication. Although there are some fabrication errors and connector losses, antenna measurements are obtained sufficiently consistent with simulations.
{"title":"A Low-Profile Hollow Waveguide Slot Array Antenna with Full-Corporate Feeding Network at K-Band","authors":"Y. E. Yamac, A. Çalışkan, A. S. Türk, A. Kizilay","doi":"10.7716/aem.v11i2.1829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1829","url":null,"abstract":"A hollow waveguide slot array antenna with a total of 338x106.5x28.9 mm3 is proposed as a sensor for radar applications at K-band. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating slot plate with 8x32 slots, a middle plate with 64 cavities and apertures, and a full-corporate-feeding network. The antenna is fabricated with these three parts in which the sub-array feeding technique is employed. The proposed antenna is designed for millimeter-wave short-range radar applications. For this purpose, the antenna radiates and achieves reasonable gain values between 23.72–25.30 GHz frequencies with 6.45% bandwidth. The measurement directivity is 32.1 dBi, and the realized gain of the antenna is measured as 30.83 dBi at 24.5 GHz center frequency with 74.8% total efficiency. The antenna achieves high gain and efficiency with straightforward fabrication. Although there are some fabrication errors and connector losses, antenna measurements are obtained sufficiently consistent with simulations.","PeriodicalId":44653,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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