Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/13882627221138599
Danielle Dumont
The case for a universal basic income helps to reflect on what could be done to bring social protection into the 21st century, but, it is argued, does not itself provide the most convincing solution to the difficulties rightly pointed out by its proponents. However, this plea constitutes a fruitful source of inspiration for other developments than that proposed. Three proposals are made here in this respect: reducing the influence of household composition on the amount of social benefits received, making the possibility of combining a social benefit with other financial resources more flexible, and relaxing the work integration requirements imposed in return for the granting of rights.
{"title":"Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda","authors":"Danielle Dumont","doi":"10.1177/13882627221138599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221138599","url":null,"abstract":"The case for a universal basic income helps to reflect on what could be done to bring social protection into the 21st century, but, it is argued, does not itself provide the most convincing solution to the difficulties rightly pointed out by its proponents. However, this plea constitutes a fruitful source of inspiration for other developments than that proposed. Three proposals are made here in this respect: reducing the influence of household composition on the amount of social benefits received, making the possibility of combining a social benefit with other financial resources more flexible, and relaxing the work integration requirements imposed in return for the granting of rights.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"299 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45779345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/13882627221139501
Pauline Melin, Susanne Sivonen
In this case note, nine judgments of the Court will be discussed. The first two judgments discussed concern the principle of equal treatment in relation to family benefits (S v Familienkasse and Commission v Austria). Additionally, both the first and third judgments reported relate to the interpretation of the Citizenship Directive (Directive 2004/38) (S v Familienkasse and VI). The other judgments on social security deal with the calculation of old-age pension (CC) and the legislation applicable for flight and cabin crew (INAIL and INPS) under Regulation 883/2004. The four remaining judgments are cases of discrimination on grounds of sex in the context of pensions (KM v INSS and EB v BVAEB), on grounds of age (A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat) and between temporary agency workers and ‘regular’ workers (Luso Temp).
在本案例说明中，将讨论法院的九项判决。讨论的前两项判决涉及家庭福利方面的平等待遇原则（S诉Familienkasse和Commission诉奥地利）。此外，报告的第一和第三项判决均与《公民身份指令》（第2004/38号指令）的解释有关（S v Familienkasse和VI）。关于社会保障的其他判决涉及养老金的计算以及根据第883/2004号条例适用于机组人员和机组人员的立法（INAIL和INPS）。剩下的四项判决分别是养老金方面基于性别的歧视案件（KM诉INSS和EB诉BVAEB）、年龄歧视案件（A诉HK Danmark和HK/Privat）以及临时代理员工和“正式”员工之间的歧视（Luso Temp）。
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Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1177/13882627221137606
E. Bakirtzi
tors in general (not only economically-dependent workers) is competition law, which tends to look at collectively agreed pay rates for self-employed workers as a – questionable, if not unlawful – concerted restriction on the free-market mechanism which determines the prices of services. If economically-dependent workers are deemed to be vulnerable subjects who cannot defend themselves through the market and who need to be defended from the market, then Schubert and Krause’s stance in favour of the labour shield (i.e. of the immunity) from competition/antitrust law for such workers seems fully justified. Still, the core question remains whether such a shield – and the same could be said for any other labour law protection – should be provided to economically-dependent workers and/or also to those who are not economically, but personally dependent on their clients, as other labour law scholars argue. Given that the final emphasis in the book, embedded in Schubert’s last chapter, is to promote the holistic value of decent work, the choice of the scope of labour law coverage (and of the competition law shield) is just as important as the actual content of the guarantees. Yet, there is no doubt that in fleshing out this policy choice, the – national and supranational – authorities will take into account the accurate and thoughtful contributions of this book, which surely achieves its proposed goal to serve as a solid and sound reference for any further debate on the matter.
{"title":"Book Review: The Revised European Social Charter, An Article by Article Commentary by Karin Lukas","authors":"E. Bakirtzi","doi":"10.1177/13882627221137606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221137606","url":null,"abstract":"tors in general (not only economically-dependent workers) is competition law, which tends to look at collectively agreed pay rates for self-employed workers as a – questionable, if not unlawful – concerted restriction on the free-market mechanism which determines the prices of services. If economically-dependent workers are deemed to be vulnerable subjects who cannot defend themselves through the market and who need to be defended from the market, then Schubert and Krause’s stance in favour of the labour shield (i.e. of the immunity) from competition/antitrust law for such workers seems fully justified. Still, the core question remains whether such a shield – and the same could be said for any other labour law protection – should be provided to economically-dependent workers and/or also to those who are not economically, but personally dependent on their clients, as other labour law scholars argue. Given that the final emphasis in the book, embedded in Schubert’s last chapter, is to promote the holistic value of decent work, the choice of the scope of labour law coverage (and of the competition law shield) is just as important as the actual content of the guarantees. Yet, there is no doubt that in fleshing out this policy choice, the – national and supranational – authorities will take into account the accurate and thoughtful contributions of this book, which surely achieves its proposed goal to serve as a solid and sound reference for any further debate on the matter.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"392 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44342594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1177/13882627221137643
Szandra Kramarics
care crisis and gender equality, which the authors define and present extremely clearly. For example, they explain the difference between the concepts of neoliberalism and New Public Management (NPM), which is rarely clarified in the literature. While neoliberalism takes a holistic view of the state and its effects on the economy and civil society, NPM focuses on various reforms and on how, for example, efficiency can be increased. In the neoliberal care model, the caring services are outsourced to the market and organised in accordance with market values. Both management and ‘technological fixes’ are described as solutions to different problems in care. An important conclusion in the book is that the care crisis in the Nordic countries exists and has been implemented through neoliberal reforms. Another conclusion is that care professionals experience disrespect and suffer from lack of recognition in society. The authors suggest further research in the area so that the care crisis can be resolved. They suggest that more comparative research is needed, to pinpoint both similarities and differences between the Nordic countries but also between other welfare states. They also suggest more research concerning welfare state sustainability and the relationship with both care and social reproduction. The researchers in the book take different intersectional perspectives involving gender, ethnicity and social class. However, the intersectional perspectives have not been applied systematically in all sections. Moreover, the book lacks the perspective of people with various disabilities in the Nordic care crisis. Persons with disabilities find it more difficult than others to get a job on the regular labour market, while young people with disabilities often retire early. This raises several urgent questions for further social policy research. The book could also have contained a special chapter with discussion questions. It would have been good to collect together all the questions arising in the separate chapters into one section. The book combines empirical research, theoretical perspectives, reflections and experiences. It can be read not only by researchers but also by students on various courses. But in order to be able to look ahead, it is important to have historical knowledge and awareness of, for example, the development of feminism, neoliberalism and welfare policy. This book has created a good basis for continued conversations and further research in the field. It is highly recommended for those readers who wish to discover more about the care crisis and care work in different welfare regimes.
{"title":"Book Review: Handbook of Migration and Welfare by Crepaz, Markus M.L. (ed.)","authors":"Szandra Kramarics","doi":"10.1177/13882627221137643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221137643","url":null,"abstract":"care crisis and gender equality, which the authors define and present extremely clearly. For example, they explain the difference between the concepts of neoliberalism and New Public Management (NPM), which is rarely clarified in the literature. While neoliberalism takes a holistic view of the state and its effects on the economy and civil society, NPM focuses on various reforms and on how, for example, efficiency can be increased. In the neoliberal care model, the caring services are outsourced to the market and organised in accordance with market values. Both management and ‘technological fixes’ are described as solutions to different problems in care. An important conclusion in the book is that the care crisis in the Nordic countries exists and has been implemented through neoliberal reforms. Another conclusion is that care professionals experience disrespect and suffer from lack of recognition in society. The authors suggest further research in the area so that the care crisis can be resolved. They suggest that more comparative research is needed, to pinpoint both similarities and differences between the Nordic countries but also between other welfare states. They also suggest more research concerning welfare state sustainability and the relationship with both care and social reproduction. The researchers in the book take different intersectional perspectives involving gender, ethnicity and social class. However, the intersectional perspectives have not been applied systematically in all sections. Moreover, the book lacks the perspective of people with various disabilities in the Nordic care crisis. Persons with disabilities find it more difficult than others to get a job on the regular labour market, while young people with disabilities often retire early. This raises several urgent questions for further social policy research. The book could also have contained a special chapter with discussion questions. It would have been good to collect together all the questions arising in the separate chapters into one section. The book combines empirical research, theoretical perspectives, reflections and experiences. It can be read not only by researchers but also by students on various courses. But in order to be able to look ahead, it is important to have historical knowledge and awareness of, for example, the development of feminism, neoliberalism and welfare policy. This book has created a good basis for continued conversations and further research in the field. It is highly recommended for those readers who wish to discover more about the care crisis and care work in different welfare regimes.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"388 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1177/13882627221133128
Eleni De Becker
In this reporting procedure (April 2022–September 2022) 1 , we present three cases before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and one case before the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR). 2 All three cases before the ECtHR concern pension claims. The first case is Savickis and Others v Latvia (App no 49270/11), dealing with the payment of employment pensions in Latvia to ‘permanently resident non-citizens’. For these citizens, the Latvian legislation did not take into account periods worked in other Soviet republics at the time of the occupation of Latvia by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which it did do for Latvian citizens. The Court had to review this difference in treatment in light of the prohibition of discrimination in Article 14 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the right to property in Article 1 Protocol no. 1 to the ECHR (AP ECHR). The second report discusses a case concerning the length of the appeal proceedings relating to a reduction of the applicant's pension rights. In Bieliński v Poland (App no 48762/19), the Court had to review whether there was a violation of Article 6 ECHR (right to a fair trial) and Article 13 ECHR (right to an effective remedy). P.C. v Ireland is the third case that will be discussed (App no 26922/19). It concerns disqualification from an old-age pension while serving a sentence of imprisonment. The applicant claimed that this disqualification violated Article 1 AP ECHR read alone, as well as Article 14 ECHR read in conjunction with Article 1 AP ECHR. Finally, this overview ends with a discussion of the European Social Charter (ESC). In Unione Sindacale di Base (hereinafter: USB) v Italy (collective complaint, App no 170/2018), the ECSR had to review the compatibility of the Italian scheme of socially useful workers with several of the provisions of the ESC, including the prohibition of discrimination (Article E), read in conjunction with the right to social security in Article 12 (1) of the revised ESC.
在本报告程序（2022年4月至2022年9月）1中，我们向欧洲人权法院（ECtHR）提交了三个案件，向欧洲社会权利委员会（ECSR）提交了一个案件。2欧洲人权法院受理的所有三起案件都涉及养老金索赔。第一个案件是Savickis等人诉拉脱维亚案（申请号49270/11），涉及在拉脱维亚向“永久居民非公民”支付就业养老金的问题。对于这些公民来说，拉脱维亚立法没有考虑到苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）占领拉脱维亚时在其他苏联共和国工作的时期，它确实考虑到了拉脱维亚公民。法院必须根据《欧洲人权公约》第14条中禁止歧视的规定和《欧洲人权条约》第1号议定书第1条中的财产权，审查这种待遇差异。第二份报告讨论了一个案件，涉及与减少申请人养恤金权利有关的上诉程序的期限。在Bieliński诉波兰案（申请号48762/19）中，法院必须审查是否存在违反《欧洲人权公约》第6条（公平审判权）和第13条（有效补救权）的行为。P.C.诉爱尔兰案是将要讨论的第三个案件（申请号26922/19）。它涉及在服刑期间取消领取养老金的资格。申请人声称，这种取消资格的行为违反了单独阅读的《欧洲人权公约》第一条，以及与《欧洲人权条约》第一条一并阅读的《欧盟人权公约》第十四条。最后，本概述以对《欧洲社会宪章》（ESC）的讨论结束。在Unione Sindacale di Base（以下简称USB）诉意大利（集体申诉，申请号170/2018）一案中，ECSR不得不审查意大利社会福利工作者计划与ESC的若干条款的兼容性，包括禁止歧视（第E条），并结合修订后的ESC第12（1）条中的社会保障权进行解读。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-18DOI: 10.1177/13882627221128841
J. Lundälv
{"title":"Book Review: A Care Crisis in the Nordic Welfare States? Care Work, Gender Equality and Welfare State Sustainability by Lise Lotte Hansen, Hanne Marlene Dahl and Laura Horn (eds.)","authors":"J. Lundälv","doi":"10.1177/13882627221128841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221128841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"387 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1177/13882627221125809
Marco Biasi
et al. investigates ethnic diversity in the workplace, Lenard focuses on the relationships between diversity and trusting relationships, while Hootegem et al. provide insight into the relationships between redistributive solidarity and ethnic diversity. Part V, which makes the volume most innovative, presents the perspective of the sending countries (Global South). The four studies address interesting topics one by one, such as the relationship between remittances and the development of the Global South (Makhlouf-Atta), issues of food security in Bangladesh (Moniruzzaman-Roberts), the role of diasporas (Mavroudi) and the difficulties of building a global migration system (Wise). Overall, the volume provides an excellent summary of the challenges of migration today and tries to show the dilemmas of both receiving and sending countries. However, the focus on the north-south division seems incomplete. The issues of migration are also present among the countries of the northern hemisphere, even they relate to labour migration for the most part. It would have been worthwhile to examine migration of citizens of Eastern European countries to the West more widely, especially through studies by authors from the region. However, space limitations obviously did not allow for this, so I recommend continuing the series based on the above. I recommend the volume to all those who wish to conduct research in the field of migration and or who would like to gain more insight into the subject. It will be useful mostly for researchers and students, and it may be more difficult to follow for lay readers due to the technical terms and the complexity of the topic. Although the studies are high-quality, in many cases the findings are not new. Several studies highlight that ambiguous findings emerged in respect of certain questions, which means that we need to study the relevant area more thoroughly.
{"title":"Book Review: Economically-dependent workers as part of a decent economy: International, European and comparative perspective by Claudia Schubert (ed.)","authors":"Marco Biasi","doi":"10.1177/13882627221125809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221125809","url":null,"abstract":"et al. investigates ethnic diversity in the workplace, Lenard focuses on the relationships between diversity and trusting relationships, while Hootegem et al. provide insight into the relationships between redistributive solidarity and ethnic diversity. Part V, which makes the volume most innovative, presents the perspective of the sending countries (Global South). The four studies address interesting topics one by one, such as the relationship between remittances and the development of the Global South (Makhlouf-Atta), issues of food security in Bangladesh (Moniruzzaman-Roberts), the role of diasporas (Mavroudi) and the difficulties of building a global migration system (Wise). Overall, the volume provides an excellent summary of the challenges of migration today and tries to show the dilemmas of both receiving and sending countries. However, the focus on the north-south division seems incomplete. The issues of migration are also present among the countries of the northern hemisphere, even they relate to labour migration for the most part. It would have been worthwhile to examine migration of citizens of Eastern European countries to the West more widely, especially through studies by authors from the region. However, space limitations obviously did not allow for this, so I recommend continuing the series based on the above. I recommend the volume to all those who wish to conduct research in the field of migration and or who would like to gain more insight into the subject. It will be useful mostly for researchers and students, and it may be more difficult to follow for lay readers due to the technical terms and the complexity of the topic. Although the studies are high-quality, in many cases the findings are not new. Several studies highlight that ambiguous findings emerged in respect of certain questions, which means that we need to study the relevant area more thoroughly.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"390 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45298811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1177/13882627221109287
H. Johnston
This paper provides an overview of Irish dalliances with basic income over the last 40 years in the context of social security reform. A government Green Paper on Basic Income was published in 2002, but the proposals were never progressed. Now, the current 2020 Programme for Government contains a commitment to pilot basic income within the lifetime of the Government. It has transpired that two basic income schemes are being developed – a universal basic income scheme by the Government's Low Pay Commission and a sectoral basic income scheme for artists. The arts proposal is being led by the Green Party Minister for the Arts, a long-time advocate of basic income. The work of the Low Pay Commission is overseen by the Fine Gael leader and Minister for Employment, who has not traditionally supported basic income. Public discourse claims that these are separate proposals with a lack of clarity on whether they will be progressed separately, one will inform the other, or they will become integrated. The work in Ireland has drawn upon other basic income experiments taking place in Europe, especially the Finnish experience. The work to date can make a unique contribution to understanding basic income experimentation in Europe, especially through a government-led, twin-track approach.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1177/13882627221123347
Leire Rincón García
The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project.
{"title":"The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project","authors":"Leire Rincón García","doi":"10.1177/13882627221123347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221123347","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"213 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1177/13882627221118103
Dominic Afscharian, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski, L. Siegel
In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”.
{"title":"Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe’s risk insurance","authors":"Dominic Afscharian, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski, L. Siegel","doi":"10.1177/13882627221118103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221118103","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":"24 1","pages":"257 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44868916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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