Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382828
Junghwan Chang, Jiyoung Lee, Jiwon Kim, Siuk Chung, D. Kang, H. Weh
This paper describes the design and development of rotating type transverse flux motors (TFM) excited by permanent magnets. In-plane phase construction and axial phase arrangement are compared each other and many variants of them are introduced by combining soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and laminated steel core. Magnetic field is analyzed by three-dimensional equivalent magnetic circuit network (EMCN) method with the help of two-dimensional finite element analysis. The experimental results of prototyped motor compared with the analysis ones, and show the possibility of the suggested motor as a direct drive application requiring relatively low speed and high torque.
{"title":"Development of Rotating Type Transverse Flux Machine","authors":"Junghwan Chang, Jiyoung Lee, Jiwon Kim, Siuk Chung, D. Kang, H. Weh","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and development of rotating type transverse flux motors (TFM) excited by permanent magnets. In-plane phase construction and axial phase arrangement are compared each other and many variants of them are introduced by combining soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and laminated steel core. Magnetic field is analyzed by three-dimensional equivalent magnetic circuit network (EMCN) method with the help of two-dimensional finite element analysis. The experimental results of prototyped motor compared with the analysis ones, and show the possibility of the suggested motor as a direct drive application requiring relatively low speed and high torque.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123493042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383632
H. Polinder, D. Bang, R. V. Rooij, A. McDonald, M. Mueller
The objectives of this paper are to investigate the feasibility of a 10 MW generator for a direct-drive wind turbine and to compare the generator systems for pitch control and for active speed stall control. The idea behind the active speed stall control concept is to make a rotor that is as simple as possible, and therefore very robust and suitable for offshore wind turbines. This is done by removing the pitch control of the blades. Above rated wind speed, the power is not controlled by controlling the pitch, but by controlling the rotor speed: the rotor speed is so much reduced that the aerodynamic power is limited to the rated value. A rough 10 MW permanent-magnet direct- drive generator design is presented, indicating that such a generator is feasible. It is shown that for a thorough evaluation of active speed stall control, more knowledge is required about changes in the wind speed. However, a considerable increase in generator system cost is necessary to enable active speed stall control.
{"title":"10 MW Wind Turbine Direct-Drive Generator Design with Pitch or Active Speed Stall Control","authors":"H. Polinder, D. Bang, R. V. Rooij, A. McDonald, M. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383632","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this paper are to investigate the feasibility of a 10 MW generator for a direct-drive wind turbine and to compare the generator systems for pitch control and for active speed stall control. The idea behind the active speed stall control concept is to make a rotor that is as simple as possible, and therefore very robust and suitable for offshore wind turbines. This is done by removing the pitch control of the blades. Above rated wind speed, the power is not controlled by controlling the pitch, but by controlling the rotor speed: the rotor speed is so much reduced that the aerodynamic power is limited to the rated value. A rough 10 MW permanent-magnet direct- drive generator design is presented, indicating that such a generator is feasible. It is shown that for a thorough evaluation of active speed stall control, more knowledge is required about changes in the wind speed. However, a considerable increase in generator system cost is necessary to enable active speed stall control.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122552257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382752
J. Rens, K. Atallah, S. Calverley, D. Howe
Magnetic gears offer several advantages compared to mechanical gears, in terms of reduced maintenance, improved reliability and inherent overload protection, whilst having a high efficiency. The paper describes the principle of operation of a novel form of magnetic gear, which is particularly suited to applications for which a high gear ratio is required. The performance capability of such a magnetic gear is investigated, and it is shown that it transmits a ripple-free torque, and that a torque density of up to 110 kNm/m can be achieved when high- energy permanent magnets are employed.
{"title":"A novel magnetic harmonic gear","authors":"J. Rens, K. Atallah, S. Calverley, D. Howe","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382752","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic gears offer several advantages compared to mechanical gears, in terms of reduced maintenance, improved reliability and inherent overload protection, whilst having a high efficiency. The paper describes the principle of operation of a novel form of magnetic gear, which is particularly suited to applications for which a high gear ratio is required. The performance capability of such a magnetic gear is investigated, and it is shown that it transmits a ripple-free torque, and that a torque density of up to 110 kNm/m can be achieved when high- energy permanent magnets are employed.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123912044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383547
Y. Kano, K. Tonogi, T. Kosaka, N. Matsui
In this paper, a simple non-linear magnetic analysis- based optimum design of axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines is presented, which realizes the maximization of torque density while keeping motor volume. The proposed analysis consists of the geometric-flux-tube-based equivalent-magnetic-circuit model. The model includes saturable permeances taking into account the local magnetic saturation in the core. At first, the validity of the proposed analysis is examined for the various design free parameters. After verifying the accuracy of the torque computation of the proposed analysis through the comparisons with 3D-FEA, 8-pole 12-slot AFPM machine is optimally designed. Comparing to the traditional 3D-FEA, the design method proposed here has the same accuracy, while the computation time is as short as 1/700.
{"title":"Optimization of Axial-Flux PM Machines for Improved Torque Density by Simple Non-Linear Magnetic Analysis","authors":"Y. Kano, K. Tonogi, T. Kosaka, N. Matsui","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383547","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a simple non-linear magnetic analysis- based optimum design of axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines is presented, which realizes the maximization of torque density while keeping motor volume. The proposed analysis consists of the geometric-flux-tube-based equivalent-magnetic-circuit model. The model includes saturable permeances taking into account the local magnetic saturation in the core. At first, the validity of the proposed analysis is examined for the various design free parameters. After verifying the accuracy of the torque computation of the proposed analysis through the comparisons with 3D-FEA, 8-pole 12-slot AFPM machine is optimally designed. Comparing to the traditional 3D-FEA, the design method proposed here has the same accuracy, while the computation time is as short as 1/700.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129778436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383595
M. Menaa, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, Maurice Fadel
This paper presents a speed sensorless vector control of an induction motor using an extended complex Kalman filter, a neural network, a spiral vector model and two sensors for tracking voltage and current of one phase of stator. The spiral vector model uses the spiral vector variables rotating counter clockwise in the complex plane. This model depends only on variables and parameters of one phase of stator and one phase of rotor without Park transformation. The rotor speed, airgap flux and stator current of one phase are estimated by a new variant of the extended Kalman filter in the complex domain. The estimated rotor speed, airgap flux and stator current are used for vector control where all controllers are based on the neural network. Computer simulations have been carried out to test the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control under noise and several load torques.
{"title":"Speed Sensorless Vector Control of an Induction Motor using Spiral Vector Model-ECKF and ANN Controller","authors":"M. Menaa, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, Maurice Fadel","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383595","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a speed sensorless vector control of an induction motor using an extended complex Kalman filter, a neural network, a spiral vector model and two sensors for tracking voltage and current of one phase of stator. The spiral vector model uses the spiral vector variables rotating counter clockwise in the complex plane. This model depends only on variables and parameters of one phase of stator and one phase of rotor without Park transformation. The rotor speed, airgap flux and stator current of one phase are estimated by a new variant of the extended Kalman filter in the complex domain. The estimated rotor speed, airgap flux and stator current are used for vector control where all controllers are based on the neural network. Computer simulations have been carried out to test the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control under noise and several load torques.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382718
Shaofeng Xie
Mostly traction loads are AC/DC type loads. A great lot of harmonic produced by electrified locomotive (mainly including order 3, 5 and 7) is directly injected into utility. The effect of harmonic to utility must not be ignored. But traction loads have different characteristics from normal loads in power system, such as random and unbalance. So traction load harmonic also has random time-varying characteristic. The distribution characteristics of traction load harmonic are analyzed based on a great deal recorded harmonic data in this paper. Curve fitting for distribution characteristics based on least square approximation is carried out, and probability density function of traction load harmonic is obtained. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by error analysis. The exact traction load harmonic model is helpful for studying on traction load harmonic.
{"title":"Probability Model of Traction Load Harmonics Based on Least Square Approximation","authors":"Shaofeng Xie","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382718","url":null,"abstract":"Mostly traction loads are AC/DC type loads. A great lot of harmonic produced by electrified locomotive (mainly including order 3, 5 and 7) is directly injected into utility. The effect of harmonic to utility must not be ignored. But traction loads have different characteristics from normal loads in power system, such as random and unbalance. So traction load harmonic also has random time-varying characteristic. The distribution characteristics of traction load harmonic are analyzed based on a great deal recorded harmonic data in this paper. Curve fitting for distribution characteristics based on least square approximation is carried out, and probability density function of traction load harmonic is obtained. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by error analysis. The exact traction load harmonic model is helpful for studying on traction load harmonic.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128220102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382772
A. Arkadan, N. Al-Aawar, A. Hanbali
This work investigates the feasibility of utilizing a team artificial intelligence-electromagnetic, TAI-EM, environment for the characterization and design optimization of synchronous reluctance motors, SynRM, with axially laminated anisotropic, ALA, rotor configurations. The main objective of this optimization is to minimize the torque ripple, as well as Ohmic and core losses at a given torque-speed condition. This environment is applied for the characterization and design optimization of a prototype 100 KW, 6000 rev/min ALA rotor SynRM drive system for traction applications. The TAI-EM environment resulted in an optimized machine design. The results are verified by comparing major performance indices of the predicted optimized design to those obtained from the prototype measurements.
{"title":"Design Optimization of SynRM Drives for HEV Power Train Applications","authors":"A. Arkadan, N. Al-Aawar, A. Hanbali","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382772","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the feasibility of utilizing a team artificial intelligence-electromagnetic, TAI-EM, environment for the characterization and design optimization of synchronous reluctance motors, SynRM, with axially laminated anisotropic, ALA, rotor configurations. The main objective of this optimization is to minimize the torque ripple, as well as Ohmic and core losses at a given torque-speed condition. This environment is applied for the characterization and design optimization of a prototype 100 KW, 6000 rev/min ALA rotor SynRM drive system for traction applications. The TAI-EM environment resulted in an optimized machine design. The results are verified by comparing major performance indices of the predicted optimized design to those obtained from the prototype measurements.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128455079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383591
C. Lu, Yi Liu, Xianghua Bao, Yu Zhang, Jianping Ying
Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based estimator has become the dominant speed estimation approach for sensorless induction motor drives. However, stator resistance thermo variation always deteriorates speed estimation stability and accuracy at low speeds, especially in the generating-mode operation, which is a common challenge to MRAS-based speed estimators. To improve the drive's robustness, generally the stator resistance should be estimated simultaneously at low speeds. In this paper, the two estimators, conventionally regarded as a complex fourth-order MIMO system, are decoupled to be two simple second-order SISO systems based on the two-time-scale approach. Simple but general design principles rather than complicated numerical solutions are presented to stabilize the estimators. A novel error function with dynamic convergence is proposed to estimate stator resistance in acceleration, deceleration and impact-load situations. Stability of the proposed estimators is verified by extensive experiments. Analysis method of this paper can be extended to other MRAS schemes.
{"title":"Considerations of Stator Resistance Online-tuning Method for MRAS-based Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive","authors":"C. Lu, Yi Liu, Xianghua Bao, Yu Zhang, Jianping Ying","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383591","url":null,"abstract":"Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based estimator has become the dominant speed estimation approach for sensorless induction motor drives. However, stator resistance thermo variation always deteriorates speed estimation stability and accuracy at low speeds, especially in the generating-mode operation, which is a common challenge to MRAS-based speed estimators. To improve the drive's robustness, generally the stator resistance should be estimated simultaneously at low speeds. In this paper, the two estimators, conventionally regarded as a complex fourth-order MIMO system, are decoupled to be two simple second-order SISO systems based on the two-time-scale approach. Simple but general design principles rather than complicated numerical solutions are presented to stabilize the estimators. A novel error function with dynamic convergence is proposed to estimate stator resistance in acceleration, deceleration and impact-load situations. Stability of the proposed estimators is verified by extensive experiments. Analysis method of this paper can be extended to other MRAS schemes.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383678
E. Batzies, O. Zirn
This paper discusses input saturation for state control extension of servo drives in the case of flexible structural components. It is pointed out that by applying state control, there is no abundant extra strain to the input values. Formulas are presented that give upper bounds to these input quantities and can be used to estimate whether input saturation will be reached when applying state control. Experimental data from a coil motor support the results.
{"title":"Input saturation estimation for servo drives with state space control","authors":"E. Batzies, O. Zirn","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383678","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses input saturation for state control extension of servo drives in the case of flexible structural components. It is pointed out that by applying state control, there is no abundant extra strain to the input values. Formulas are presented that give upper bounds to these input quantities and can be used to estimate whether input saturation will be reached when applying state control. Experimental data from a coil motor support the results.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130583649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383661
Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Q. Hu
Soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is formed by surface-insulated iron powder particles, generating unique properties like magnetic and thermal isotropy, and very low eddy current. This paper presents the design and analysis of a highspeed claw pole motor with an SMC core for reducing core losses and cost. The analyses are conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the property of SMC materials. Three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is performed for accurate parameter calculation and dimension optimization. Considering the importance of core loss in high speed motors, rotational core loss model is employed. The design and analyze methods are validated by experiment on the prototype.
{"title":"Development of a High-Speed Claw Pole Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core","authors":"Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Q. Hu","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383661","url":null,"abstract":"Soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is formed by surface-insulated iron powder particles, generating unique properties like magnetic and thermal isotropy, and very low eddy current. This paper presents the design and analysis of a highspeed claw pole motor with an SMC core for reducing core losses and cost. The analyses are conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the property of SMC materials. Three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is performed for accurate parameter calculation and dimension optimization. Considering the importance of core loss in high speed motors, rotational core loss model is employed. The design and analyze methods are validated by experiment on the prototype.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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