Pub Date : 2017-10-06DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.187972
Keavy Martin
This paper explores the rhetoric of silence in Mini Aodla Freeman’s Life Among the Qallunaat . Partway through this memoir, the author shares a parable about a government man who, having spent significant time in the North, adopts Inuit ways, becoming “Inuk-washed.” The marker of this man’s transformation is his decision not to speak back to his superiors; instead, “he chooses to be quiet and to sit back and listen.” This learned behaviour resonates with other silences in the book: the narrator is characterized by her refusal and sometimes inability to speak up; meanwhile, Aodla Freeman has since alluded to what was not included in her book (the full history of her experience at residential school). And while these decisions not to speak reflect Inuit cultural protocols around deference to authority, they also challenge a 21 st century audience reading this text in the era of Truth & Reconciliation—a time, after all, of ‘breaking the silence’ and of speaking back. What are readers to make, then, of Aodla Freeman’s insistence upon silence as a commendable act? How are qallunaat to emulate the silence of the government man, especially when it risks complicity with oppression? I argue that Life Among the Qallunaat re-figures silence not only as a form of resistance to the expected ‘confession’ of traumatic experience (Garneau), but also as a rhetorical tool capable of inspiring reflection and even alliance where, previously, there was none.
{"title":"The Rhetoric of Silence in Life Among the Qallunaat","authors":"Keavy Martin","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.187972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.187972","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the rhetoric of silence in Mini Aodla Freeman’s Life Among the Qallunaat . Partway through this memoir, the author shares a parable about a government man who, having spent significant time in the North, adopts Inuit ways, becoming “Inuk-washed.” The marker of this man’s transformation is his decision not to speak back to his superiors; instead, “he chooses to be quiet and to sit back and listen.” This learned behaviour resonates with other silences in the book: the narrator is characterized by her refusal and sometimes inability to speak up; meanwhile, Aodla Freeman has since alluded to what was not included in her book (the full history of her experience at residential school). And while these decisions not to speak reflect Inuit cultural protocols around deference to authority, they also challenge a 21 st century audience reading this text in the era of Truth & Reconciliation—a time, after all, of ‘breaking the silence’ and of speaking back. What are readers to make, then, of Aodla Freeman’s insistence upon silence as a commendable act? How are qallunaat to emulate the silence of the government man, especially when it risks complicity with oppression? I argue that Life Among the Qallunaat re-figures silence not only as a form of resistance to the expected ‘confession’ of traumatic experience (Garneau), but also as a rhetorical tool capable of inspiring reflection and even alliance where, previously, there was none.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"144-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43259900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-06DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.188325
P. Wakeham
While much has been said about the supposed tensions between literary nationalist and cosmopolitanist approaches to Indigenous literary scholarship, much less attention has been devoted to imagining how , in literary critical practice , scholars might formulate reading methods that mobilize the important insights of Native literary nationalism for the project of reading what Māori scholar Alice Te Punga Somerville calls “Indigenous-Indigenous encounter[s]” (Somerville “The Lingering” 23). The objective of this essay is to derive one possible methodological approach from Indigenous literature itself while engaging with Indigenous scholarship along the way. By reading Indigenous literature for what it teaches about critical methods, I seek to translate Native literary nationalism’s call for prioritizing Indigenous knowledges and methods into a reading practice that attends carefully to how Indigenous literary texts articulate, on their own terms, interactions with other Indigenous communities. An attention to such interactions may, in turn, contribute to the most inclusive versions of Native literary nationalism, demonstrating how distinct, local forms of Indigenous nationhood may be strengthened and enriched, rather than diluted, through exchanges across diverse Indigenous cultures. Reading relations between Indigenous nations thus opens pathways to other worlds of belonging breathed to life in Indigenous stories.
虽然人们对文学民族主义和世界主义对待土著文学学术的方法之间的紧张关系说了很多，但很少有人关注想象在文学批评实践中，学者们可能会为阅读毛利学者Alice Te Punga Somerville所说的“土著与土著的相遇”（Somerville“the Lingering”23）的项目制定动员土著文学民族主义重要见解的阅读方法。本文的目的是从土著文学本身中得出一种可能的方法论方法，同时参与土著学术研究。通过阅读土著文学中关于批判性方法的内容，我试图将土著文学民族主义对优先考虑土著知识和方法的呼吁转化为一种阅读实践，认真关注土著文学文本如何以自己的方式表达与其他土著社区的互动。对这种互动的关注反过来可能有助于形成最具包容性的土著文学民族主义版本，表明通过不同土著文化之间的交流，可以加强和丰富而不是削弱独特的土著民族形式。阅读土著民族之间的关系，从而打开了通往其他归属世界的道路，这些归属世界在土著故事中被赋予了生命。
{"title":"Beyond Comparison: Reading Relations Between Indigenous Nations","authors":"P. Wakeham","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.188325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I230-1.188325","url":null,"abstract":"While much has been said about the supposed tensions between literary nationalist and cosmopolitanist approaches to Indigenous literary scholarship, much less attention has been devoted to imagining how , in literary critical practice , scholars might formulate reading methods that mobilize the important insights of Native literary nationalism for the project of reading what Māori scholar Alice Te Punga Somerville calls “Indigenous-Indigenous encounter[s]” (Somerville “The Lingering” 23). The objective of this essay is to derive one possible methodological approach from Indigenous literature itself while engaging with Indigenous scholarship along the way. By reading Indigenous literature for what it teaches about critical methods, I seek to translate Native literary nationalism’s call for prioritizing Indigenous knowledges and methods into a reading practice that attends carefully to how Indigenous literary texts articulate, on their own terms, interactions with other Indigenous communities. An attention to such interactions may, in turn, contribute to the most inclusive versions of Native literary nationalism, demonstrating how distinct, local forms of Indigenous nationhood may be strengthened and enriched, rather than diluted, through exchanges across diverse Indigenous cultures. Reading relations between Indigenous nations thus opens pathways to other worlds of belonging breathed to life in Indigenous stories.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"124-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46804251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.188057
Suzanne James
{"title":"Out of the Silence","authors":"Suzanne James","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.188057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.188057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187614
L. Lorenzi
This article analyses the ways in which Emma Donoghue’s novel Room interrogates how experiences of violence are represented and understood. With a focus on Donoghue’s choice to narrate the novel from the perspective of a young child, I suggest that Room not only questions how trauma is externally imposed onto individuals’ stories, but also queries whether or not the clinical language of trauma is in fact a useful one for describing the nuances and paradoxes of experiencing violence.
{"title":"“Am I not OK?”: Negotiating and Re-Defining Traumatic Experience in Emma Donoghue’s Room","authors":"L. Lorenzi","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187614","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the ways in which Emma Donoghue’s novel Room interrogates how experiences of violence are represented and understood. With a focus on Donoghue’s choice to narrate the novel from the perspective of a young child, I suggest that Room not only questions how trauma is externally imposed onto individuals’ stories, but also queries whether or not the clinical language of trauma is in fact a useful one for describing the nuances and paradoxes of experiencing violence.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187588
M. Ying
A child’s positive attitude towards his surrounding environment, as Sidney I. Dobrin and Kenneth B. Kidd express in their collection on children’s culture and ecocriticism, becomes crucial in the act of environmental planning and activism; and this paper will explore that very connection by following the Canadian child figure’s growth to maturity in Quebecoise writer Monique Proulx’s Wildlives . By tracing the formative moments in young Jeremie’s environmental experience in nature, the personal change and self-discovery he undergoes deeply informs the role he will be inspired to take up as an adult – to become a caretaker of nature through the act(ion) of conservation. In understanding his connection to his surrounding environment, Jeremie’s emergent feelings of responsibility towards the natural world accentuates the powerful hold the wild places of childhood can have on our sense of self, sense of place, and sense of duty to the very bioregion that shapes those ideas.
{"title":"“Liv[ing] Poetically Upon the Earth”: The Bioregional Child and Conservation in Monique Proulx’s Wildlives","authors":"M. Ying","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187588","url":null,"abstract":"A child’s positive attitude towards his surrounding environment, as Sidney I. Dobrin and Kenneth B. Kidd express in their collection on children’s culture and ecocriticism, becomes crucial in the act of environmental planning and activism; and this paper will explore that very connection by following the Canadian child figure’s growth to maturity in Quebecoise writer Monique Proulx’s Wildlives . By tracing the formative moments in young Jeremie’s environmental experience in nature, the personal change and self-discovery he undergoes deeply informs the role he will be inspired to take up as an adult – to become a caretaker of nature through the act(ion) of conservation. In understanding his connection to his surrounding environment, Jeremie’s emergent feelings of responsibility towards the natural world accentuates the powerful hold the wild places of childhood can have on our sense of self, sense of place, and sense of duty to the very bioregion that shapes those ideas.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"35-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187589
Paul Barrett
This paper argues that digital humanities methods of distance reading constitute a valuable form of paraphrase of the field of Canadian Literature. In this paper I demonstrate the use of distance reading to analyze the entirety of two journals in the field: Canadian Literature and Studies in Canadian Literature/Etudes en litterature canadienne . I argue that this form of analysis may demonstrate the value in some forms of thematic paraphrase.
{"title":"Paraphrasing the Paraphrase OR what I learned from reading every issue of Canadian Literature & SCL/ ÉLC","authors":"Paul Barrett","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that digital humanities methods of distance reading constitute a valuable form of paraphrase of the field of Canadian Literature. In this paper I demonstrate the use of distance reading to analyze the entirety of two journals in the field: Canadian Literature and Studies in Canadian Literature/Etudes en litterature canadienne . I argue that this form of analysis may demonstrate the value in some forms of thematic paraphrase.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"208-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41556675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187592
Jessica Mcdonald
Using Nalo Hopkinson’s novel Brown Girl in the Ring as a case study, I argue that science fiction—as a rhetorically-structured genre—has functioned in insidious, neo-colonial ways to ghettoize non-white, non-Western epistemologies by rejecting them as “science” fiction and relegating them to the realm of “fantasy.” I reveal how Hopkinson’s novel illustrates that the colonial and science fictional agendas can be paired, contending that Brown Girl can be read in two ways: first, as a commentary on ongoing colonial paradigms, and second, as a critique of science fiction in general. From this, I further develop the problems of science fiction, including that its generic circumscriptions police the conceptual boundaries of the future by structurally designating which futures are scientific or plausible. I conclude by addressing the various solutions presented by others and counter that any productive generic transformation must come from within the existing category of science fiction.
{"title":"Beyond Generic Hybridity: Nalo Hopkinson and the Politics of Science Fiction","authors":"Jessica Mcdonald","doi":"10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187592","url":null,"abstract":"Using Nalo Hopkinson’s novel Brown Girl in the Ring as a case study, I argue that science fiction—as a rhetorically-structured genre—has functioned in insidious, neo-colonial ways to ghettoize non-white, non-Western epistemologies by rejecting them as “science” fiction and relegating them to the realm of “fantasy.” I reveal how Hopkinson’s novel illustrates that the colonial and science fictional agendas can be paired, contending that Brown Girl can be read in two ways: first, as a commentary on ongoing colonial paradigms, and second, as a critique of science fiction in general. From this, I further develop the problems of science fiction, including that its generic circumscriptions police the conceptual boundaries of the future by structurally designating which futures are scientific or plausible. I conclude by addressing the various solutions presented by others and counter that any productive generic transformation must come from within the existing category of science fiction.","PeriodicalId":44701,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":"133-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44785001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I228-9.187574
Kate Siklosi
Despite its status as ahistorical in metanarratives of modernity that serve the colonial project, the sea nonetheless features as a prominent and dynamic space in the global (and especially Western) historical imaginary. In M. NourbeSe Philip’s 2008 long poem Zong! , the seascape features as a kinet ic contact zone of modernity by creating a responsive archive that documents and preserves the cultural and historical agency of colonized subjects. This paper examines Philip’s text from the perspective of two related spatial schemas that stand in opposition to land-locked narratives of Western modernity: Kamau Brathwaite’s tidalectics, and Katherine McKittrick’s (via Sylvia Wynter) demonic grounds. Bringing these two lenses together in conversation with Philip’s text highlights the oppositional archive of space and being engendered by Zong! ’s resistant maritime poetic.
尽管海洋在为殖民项目服务的现代性元叙事中具有非历史性的地位，但它仍然是全球（尤其是西方）历史想象中一个突出而充满活力的空间。在M.NourbeSe Philip 2008年的长诗《宗！》中，海景是现代性的动态接触区，通过创建一个响应档案来记录和保存被殖民主体的文化和历史机构。本文从两个相关的空间图式的角度审视了菲利普的文本，这两个空间图式与西方现代性的陆上叙事背道而驰：卡缪·布拉斯维特的花言巧语和凯瑟琳·麦基特里克（通过西尔维娅·温特）的恶魔场域。将这两个镜头放在一起与菲利普的文本对话，突出了空间的对立档案，以及宗所产生的！”具有抵抗力的海上诗歌。
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Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.14288/CL.V0I235.189741
Christopher Gutierrez
This paper will chart out this particular anxiety as it emerges within the fantasy, and reality, of Vancouver as both a city and a model for urban planning. As this investigation was provoked by the 2011 Stanley Cup Riot, a moment that marked a rupture in the image of Vancouver as an exceptional site and that is discussed in the paper’s final pages, my exploration of Vancouver’s particular anxiousness begins in the history, and its attendant affective promise and future fantasy, that preceded this riot. The first part of this paper (Post-political plans (and charts, and diagrams, and lists, and books, and...)) will explore the relationship between the “communicative turn” in urban planning discourse, the increasing number of comparative and quantified metrics for understanding the city, and the development of a post-political image of the city. The following section (Mapping Vancouver(ism)s) considers how Vancouverism, as a model for urban planning, has come to be understood as a commodity within this post-political realm. In the next part, (Entrepreneurial Resonances/Material Remainders) I argue that this particular commodified and imagetic form of Vancouver is felt in the city as an anxious structure. Here, I will consider the relationship between Vancouver’s fantastic image in relation to both the city’s “Empty Condo Syndrome” and the ongoing indebtedness of a city where speculative real estate investment continues to dominate an already expensive housing market. Finally, by combining these discursive, ideational, and material realities, this paper concludes with a close reading of Douglas Keefe and John Furlong’s review report of the June 15th riots to consider the affective forces of both the riot and the response to the riot. Read as a moment where the anxiety of the subject is snapped into a present material reality, this paper concludes by considering the events of that night as a particular affective worlding; as a moment when the image of the city disappeared and a moment when the subject encountered the violent reality of present day Vancouver.
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