Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301444
Lindsey, B. Denby, Herman Haggerty
Drift chamber tracking with a commercial analog VLSI neural network chip is considered. Voltages proportional to the drift times in a four-layer drift chamber were presented to the Intel ETANN (Electrically Trained Analog Neural Network) chip. The network was trained to provide the intercept and slope of straight tracks traversing the chamber. The outputs were recorded and later compared off-line to conventional track fits. Two types of network architectures were studied.<>
{"title":"Drift chamber tracking with neural networks","authors":"Lindsey, B. Denby, Herman Haggerty","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301444","url":null,"abstract":"Drift chamber tracking with a commercial analog VLSI neural network chip is considered. Voltages proportional to the drift times in a four-layer drift chamber were presented to the Intel ETANN (Electrically Trained Analog Neural Network) chip. The network was trained to provide the intercept and slope of straight tracks traversing the chamber. The outputs were recorded and later compared off-line to conventional track fits. Two types of network architectures were studied.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116939849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301248
D. Doughty, S. Lemon, P. Bonneau
The impact of flip-flop metastability on the pipelined trigger for the CLAS detector at CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) has been studied. It is found that the newest ECL (emitter coupled logic) flip-flops (ECLinPS) are much faster than older families at resolving the metastable condition. This will allow their use in systems with asynchronous inputs without an extra stage of synchronizing flip-flops.<>
{"title":"Asynchronous inputs and flip-flop metastability in the CLAS trigger at CEBAF","authors":"D. Doughty, S. Lemon, P. Bonneau","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301248","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of flip-flop metastability on the pipelined trigger for the CLAS detector at CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) has been studied. It is found that the newest ECL (emitter coupled logic) flip-flops (ECLinPS) are much faster than older families at resolving the metastable condition. This will allow their use in systems with asynchronous inputs without an extra stage of synchronizing flip-flops.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116475414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301331
C. Boulin, P. Plas, A. Epstein
A study to evaluate the architecture of a multi-DSP (digital signal processing) system primarily intended to execute, at high speed, a very sensitive algorithm that finds homologies between protein sequences is presented. This algorithm is an ideal candidate for implementation in a multiprocessing environment using parallel and pipelined processing. This study of a multiple-DSP system for finding protein sequence homologies against large databases showed that, even with the sophisticated processors available today, some extra work has to be added either in hardware by building powerful input/output components or in the coding of the software. The critical parts in number crunching algorithms still deserve to be looked at carefully and it is probably justified to program such parts at the assembly level to get the best possible speed out of the system.<>
{"title":"Parallel and pipelined digital signal processor system for fast protein sequence homologies","authors":"C. Boulin, P. Plas, A. Epstein","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301331","url":null,"abstract":"A study to evaluate the architecture of a multi-DSP (digital signal processing) system primarily intended to execute, at high speed, a very sensitive algorithm that finds homologies between protein sequences is presented. This algorithm is an ideal candidate for implementation in a multiprocessing environment using parallel and pipelined processing. This study of a multiple-DSP system for finding protein sequence homologies against large databases showed that, even with the sophisticated processors available today, some extra work has to be added either in hardware by building powerful input/output components or in the coding of the software. The critical parts in number crunching algorithms still deserve to be looked at carefully and it is probably justified to program such parts at the assembly level to get the best possible speed out of the system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121898312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301071
T. Ichihara, N. Motomura, T. Ito, K. Nakamura, K. Matsumura, K. Takeda, T. Nakagawa
To achieve quantitative SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) measurement, it is important that the Comptom-scatter and absorption correction technique handles SPECT values as primary activity over a large variety of geometries. The authors chose a liver study and expected a sufficient photon count in the SPECT scan because liver uptake of Tc-99m-labeled pharmaceuticals is high. However, the scatter and absorption volume was so large and so many scattered photons were contained in the projection data that, until now, quantitative SPECT measurements could not be done using only attenuation correction. In the present work, the practical application of the scatter compensation method modified from Ogawa's method for clinical use was investigated. For reconstruction and attenuation correction, the authors used Inoue's method and modified the table thickness parameters to make the attenuation coefficient of the tabletop equal to that of the human body. The results obtained indicate that image quality and quantity are improved by the compensation procedure. The proposed scatter compensation method can be applied to routine liver SPECT studies.<>
{"title":"Phantom study and preliminary clinical evaluation of position-dependent Compton-scatter correction system","authors":"T. Ichihara, N. Motomura, T. Ito, K. Nakamura, K. Matsumura, K. Takeda, T. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301071","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve quantitative SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) measurement, it is important that the Comptom-scatter and absorption correction technique handles SPECT values as primary activity over a large variety of geometries. The authors chose a liver study and expected a sufficient photon count in the SPECT scan because liver uptake of Tc-99m-labeled pharmaceuticals is high. However, the scatter and absorption volume was so large and so many scattered photons were contained in the projection data that, until now, quantitative SPECT measurements could not be done using only attenuation correction. In the present work, the practical application of the scatter compensation method modified from Ogawa's method for clinical use was investigated. For reconstruction and attenuation correction, the authors used Inoue's method and modified the table thickness parameters to make the attenuation coefficient of the tabletop equal to that of the human body. The results obtained indicate that image quality and quantity are improved by the compensation procedure. The proposed scatter compensation method can be applied to routine liver SPECT studies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125910286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301241
C. Bruschini, G. Darbo, P. Martinengo, C. Salvo, P. Farthouat, M. Passaseo, V. Ryzhov, G. Schuler, M. Torelli, L. Zanello, L. Malferrari
The Beauty Contiguity Trigger (BCT) in the fixed-target experiment WA92/BEATRICE at CERN is described. It is composed of 11 FASTBUS modules and is based on a custom-designed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. An overview of both the trigger algorithm and the processor architecture is given. Preliminary results on its operation during data collection in the 1992 run of WA92 are also presented.<>
{"title":"The Beauty Contiguity Trigger of the BEATRICE experiment","authors":"C. Bruschini, G. Darbo, P. Martinengo, C. Salvo, P. Farthouat, M. Passaseo, V. Ryzhov, G. Schuler, M. Torelli, L. Zanello, L. Malferrari","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301241","url":null,"abstract":"The Beauty Contiguity Trigger (BCT) in the fixed-target experiment WA92/BEATRICE at CERN is described. It is composed of 11 FASTBUS modules and is based on a custom-designed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. An overview of both the trigger algorithm and the processor architecture is given. Preliminary results on its operation during data collection in the 1992 run of WA92 are also presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124661461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301319
K. Biery, K. Ragan, R. Grindley, A. Holscher, P. Sinervo, R. Harris, K. Schurecht, T. Shaw
The CDF data acquisition system was upgraded for the 1992 run, with modifications to the front-end electronics and the addition of a second FASTBUS-based event builder. The goal is a 35-Hz output rate to the Level 3 trigger processor farm. The initial performance of the system up to the Level 3 input is reviewed and compared to that of a Verilog simulation. The system runs reliably and its performance is in good agreement with the predictions of the behavioral simulation.<>
{"title":"Performance of the CDF DAQ system in the 1992 run","authors":"K. Biery, K. Ragan, R. Grindley, A. Holscher, P. Sinervo, R. Harris, K. Schurecht, T. Shaw","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301319","url":null,"abstract":"The CDF data acquisition system was upgraded for the 1992 run, with modifications to the front-end electronics and the addition of a second FASTBUS-based event builder. The goal is a 35-Hz output rate to the Level 3 trigger processor farm. The initial performance of the system up to the Level 3 input is reviewed and compared to that of a Verilog simulation. The system runs reliably and its performance is in good agreement with the predictions of the behavioral simulation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124685456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301122
T. Zhao, C. Daly, R. Davisson, H. Lubatti, T. Fukui, J. Thunborg
Summary form only. The design of a muon tracking system for the central region of the SDC detector is discussed. The basic tracking elements are aluminum drift tubes with circular cross section with simple field shaping electrodes. The maximum length of the tubes is 9 m and they are operated in proportional mode using a nonflammable gas mixture. These drift tubes are bonded together into modules using structural epoxy. Tubes are properly oriented and precision located during the module assembly by mechanical constraints which are built into the tube endcaps. CNC (computer numerical control) machined reference end plates ensure the relative alignment of anode wires within a module. The largest module is envisaged to be approximately 9 m*8 m and to contain a mixture of theta , phi , and stereo views. Finite element analysis shows that a three-point kinematic support can be used. Full length prototype detectors have been built and studied. Cosmic ray and beam tests have been performed.<>
{"title":"SDC muon tracking system","authors":"T. Zhao, C. Daly, R. Davisson, H. Lubatti, T. Fukui, J. Thunborg","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301122","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. The design of a muon tracking system for the central region of the SDC detector is discussed. The basic tracking elements are aluminum drift tubes with circular cross section with simple field shaping electrodes. The maximum length of the tubes is 9 m and they are operated in proportional mode using a nonflammable gas mixture. These drift tubes are bonded together into modules using structural epoxy. Tubes are properly oriented and precision located during the module assembly by mechanical constraints which are built into the tube endcaps. CNC (computer numerical control) machined reference end plates ensure the relative alignment of anode wires within a module. The largest module is envisaged to be approximately 9 m*8 m and to contain a mixture of theta , phi , and stereo views. Finite element analysis shows that a three-point kinematic support can be used. Full length prototype detectors have been built and studied. Cosmic ray and beam tests have been performed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124826220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301463
D. Lalush, B. Tsui
An attempt is made to determine how Gibbs priors can be designed to optimize the reconstruction of objects of specific sizes and contrasts using a MAP-EM (maximum a posteriori, expectation maximization) algorithm. Two-dimensional parallel projection datasets were realistically simulated for phantoms with various object sizes and contrasts. The resulting datasets were reconstructed using a MAP-EM algorithm with a Gibbs prior whose potential function is determined by a set of parameters. Analysis of the contrast and root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) of reconstructed objects revealed a tradeoff between noise reduction and contrast for the MAP-EM approach. It is found that the Gibbs priors can be designed to reduce noise and maintain edge sharpness, as compared to ML-EM (maximum-likelihood, EM), only for certain high-contrast objects, but that such priors may smooth over low-contrast objects. Methods for designing priors to optimize the reconstruction of high- or low-contrast objects are demonstrated. It is concluded that MAP-EM significantly reduces noise at the price of some object contrast and that Gibbs priors should be chosen carefully to avoid smoothing out important small and/or low-contrast objects.<>
{"title":"Optimization of Gibbs priors based on object size and contrast for maximum a posteriori reconstruction in SPECT","authors":"D. Lalush, B. Tsui","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301463","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to determine how Gibbs priors can be designed to optimize the reconstruction of objects of specific sizes and contrasts using a MAP-EM (maximum a posteriori, expectation maximization) algorithm. Two-dimensional parallel projection datasets were realistically simulated for phantoms with various object sizes and contrasts. The resulting datasets were reconstructed using a MAP-EM algorithm with a Gibbs prior whose potential function is determined by a set of parameters. Analysis of the contrast and root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) of reconstructed objects revealed a tradeoff between noise reduction and contrast for the MAP-EM approach. It is found that the Gibbs priors can be designed to reduce noise and maintain edge sharpness, as compared to ML-EM (maximum-likelihood, EM), only for certain high-contrast objects, but that such priors may smooth over low-contrast objects. Methods for designing priors to optimize the reconstruction of high- or low-contrast objects are demonstrated. It is concluded that MAP-EM significantly reduces noise at the price of some object contrast and that Gibbs priors should be chosen carefully to avoid smoothing out important small and/or low-contrast objects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129424575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301344
W. Merz, F. Myers, S. Sarkar
The development of correction magnet controls for the five SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) circular machines and the implications of corrector controls for the SSC Central Control System are discussed. The effects of site-specific considerations on implementation, hardware, software, and interface protocols are described.<>
{"title":"Corrector magnet controls at the SSC","authors":"W. Merz, F. Myers, S. Sarkar","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301344","url":null,"abstract":"The development of correction magnet controls for the five SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) circular machines and the implications of corrector controls for the SSC Central Control System are discussed. The effects of site-specific considerations on implementation, hardware, software, and interface protocols are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129501228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301206
L. Bosisio, E. Focardi, F. Forti, S. Kashigin, B. Dierickx, D. Wouters, G. Willems, G. Winderickx, I. Debusschere, E. Simoen, C. Claeys, H. Maes, L. Hermans, E. Heijne, P. Jarron, Marnie L Campbell, F. Anghinolfi, P. Aspell, P. Delpierre, D. Sauvage, M. Habrard
A novel approach to monolithic pixel detectors based on SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers with high-resistivity substrates is being pursued by the CERN RD-19 collaboration. The authors report the results of electrical evaluation measurements performed on the devices fabricated in the substrate. The SOI preparation processes considered (SIMOX and laser or stripheater ZMR) appear to be compatible with the fabrication of detectors of suitable quality in the high-resistivity substrate. With reference to the detecting elements in the substrate, ZMR wafers give very good results. For SIMOX wafers, the main concern seems to be the higher depletion voltage resulting from the increase in effective doping concentration.<>
{"title":"Detector diodes and test devices fabricated in high resistivity SOI wafers","authors":"L. Bosisio, E. Focardi, F. Forti, S. Kashigin, B. Dierickx, D. Wouters, G. Willems, G. Winderickx, I. Debusschere, E. Simoen, C. Claeys, H. Maes, L. Hermans, E. Heijne, P. Jarron, Marnie L Campbell, F. Anghinolfi, P. Aspell, P. Delpierre, D. Sauvage, M. Habrard","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301206","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to monolithic pixel detectors based on SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers with high-resistivity substrates is being pursued by the CERN RD-19 collaboration. The authors report the results of electrical evaluation measurements performed on the devices fabricated in the substrate. The SOI preparation processes considered (SIMOX and laser or stripheater ZMR) appear to be compatible with the fabrication of detectors of suitable quality in the high-resistivity substrate. With reference to the detecting elements in the substrate, ZMR wafers give very good results. For SIMOX wafers, the main concern seems to be the higher depletion voltage resulting from the increase in effective doping concentration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128170515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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