Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301189
M. M. Chiles, J. Mihalczo, C. E. Fowler
The authors describe a small-diameter, double-contained /sup 252/Cf fission chamber design that can be inserted into a 0.95-cm diameter hole or tube such as the control rod guide tubes in pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel elements. Thus, this fission chamber can be used as a neutron driver for subcriticality measurements with irradiated PWR fuel elements. This prototype contains approximately 0.1 mu g of /sup 252/Cf, but the design has flexibility to accommodate larger amounts of fissionable material required for PWR tests. Details of the design are presented as well as some of the instrument's operational parameters and performance characteristics.<>
作者描述了一个小直径，双包含/sup 252/Cf裂变室设计，可以插入0.95厘米直径的孔或管，如压水堆(PWR)燃料元件的控制棒导管。因此，该裂变室可作为中子驱动器用于辐照压水堆燃料元件的亚临界测量。该原型包含约0.1 μ g /sup 252/Cf，但该设计具有灵活性，可容纳压水堆试验所需的大量裂变材料。介绍了该仪器的设计细节以及部分工作参数和性能特点。
{"title":"Small, annular, double-contained /sup 252/Cf fission chamber for source-driven subcriticality measurements","authors":"M. M. Chiles, J. Mihalczo, C. E. Fowler","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301189","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a small-diameter, double-contained /sup 252/Cf fission chamber design that can be inserted into a 0.95-cm diameter hole or tube such as the control rod guide tubes in pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel elements. Thus, this fission chamber can be used as a neutron driver for subcriticality measurements with irradiated PWR fuel elements. This prototype contains approximately 0.1 mu g of /sup 252/Cf, but the design has flexibility to accommodate larger amounts of fissionable material required for PWR tests. Details of the design are presented as well as some of the instrument's operational parameters and performance characteristics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301260
J. Friese, A. Gillitzer, H.-J. Körner, M. R. Maier
A flexible, small, and low-cost analog pulse shaper and amplifier circuit has been developed for silicon PIN photodiode detectors. The shaping amplifier produces both a fast negative output signal with less than 10-ns rise time for timing measurements and a slow positive output signal with peaking times from 500 ns to 10 mu s for energy measurements. The gain for the two signals can be set independently. The maximum output amplitude is -1.5 V for the fast signal and +10 V for the slow signal. The resolution for the energy channel was <10 keV electronic contribution, giving a total of 17 keV with alpha particles. The resolution for the timing channel was <1 ns electronics, with a total of 2 ns with alpha particles. The whole circuit fits on a board of 7.5 cm*3.5 cm.<>
{"title":"Low cost pulse shaper for use with silicon PIN diodes","authors":"J. Friese, A. Gillitzer, H.-J. Körner, M. R. Maier","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301260","url":null,"abstract":"A flexible, small, and low-cost analog pulse shaper and amplifier circuit has been developed for silicon PIN photodiode detectors. The shaping amplifier produces both a fast negative output signal with less than 10-ns rise time for timing measurements and a slow positive output signal with peaking times from 500 ns to 10 mu s for energy measurements. The gain for the two signals can be set independently. The maximum output amplitude is -1.5 V for the fast signal and +10 V for the slow signal. The resolution for the energy channel was <10 keV electronic contribution, giving a total of 17 keV with alpha particles. The resolution for the timing channel was <1 ns electronics, with a total of 2 ns with alpha particles. The whole circuit fits on a board of 7.5 cm*3.5 cm.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129277698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301487
N. Dogan, A. Akcasu, D. Wehe
A three-dimensional source reconstruction technique has been investigated for a new ring Compton scatter camera based on electronic collimation. The method uses each first detector element to find directions to the source locations, and then intersects these directions from all detector elements to find the intensity and three-dimensional location of the source. The results for a simulated 150-keV point source located on the camera axis and a line source perpendicular to the camera axis are presented.<>
{"title":"A 3-D reconstruction technique for an electronically collimated camera","authors":"N. Dogan, A. Akcasu, D. Wehe","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301487","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional source reconstruction technique has been investigated for a new ring Compton scatter camera based on electronic collimation. The method uses each first detector element to find directions to the source locations, and then intersects these directions from all detector elements to find the intensity and three-dimensional location of the source. The results for a simulated 150-keV point source located on the camera axis and a line source perpendicular to the camera axis are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129173900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301518
M. Fatemi, M. Arad
A novel pulse-echo imaging system based on X-wave nondiffracting transmission and reception is described. In the theoretical model of this system a position-dependent filter has been used for pulse generation and subsequently for processing of the received echoes. In practice, the system can be implemented using an annular array transducer and a filter bank. The point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system has been derived. The PSF has an asteroid shape with branches extending to infinity. To reduce the effects of branches and improve image resolution, a space-invariant restoration filter is used. The performance of the imaging system, for broadband as well as for bandlimited X-waves, and the restoration process are evaluated by computer simulations. Simulation results indicate that the system is capable of providing high resolution, large depth of field images.<>
{"title":"Evaluation of image resolution in X-wave imaging system","authors":"M. Fatemi, M. Arad","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301518","url":null,"abstract":"A novel pulse-echo imaging system based on X-wave nondiffracting transmission and reception is described. In the theoretical model of this system a position-dependent filter has been used for pulse generation and subsequently for processing of the received echoes. In practice, the system can be implemented using an annular array transducer and a filter bank. The point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system has been derived. The PSF has an asteroid shape with branches extending to infinity. To reduce the effects of branches and improve image resolution, a space-invariant restoration filter is used. The performance of the imaging system, for broadband as well as for bandlimited X-waves, and the restoration process are evaluated by computer simulations. Simulation results indicate that the system is capable of providing high resolution, large depth of field images.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123940035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301276
B. Dierickx, A. Alaerts, I. Debusschere, E. Simoen, J. Vlummens, C. Claeys, H. Maes, L. Hermans, E. Heijne, P. Jarron, F. Anghinolfi, P. Aspell, Marnie L Campbell, F. Pengg, L. Bosisio, E. Focardi, P. Delpierre, A. Mekkaoui, M. Habrard, D. Sauvage
The monolithic integration of electronics and high-resistivity silicon detectors is reported. The approach is based on CMOS circuit integration in the top layer of high-resistivity SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers. In a preliminary feasibility study, high-resistivity wafers were subjected to SOI layer fabrication methods and evaluated with a simple diode process for two main characteristics: diode leakage and possible dopant concentration increase. In the second phase of the project, a full SOI-on-H Omega process was executed. MOSFET behavior was then evaluated.<>
{"title":"Integration of CMOS-electronics in an SOI layer on high-resistivity silicon substrates","authors":"B. Dierickx, A. Alaerts, I. Debusschere, E. Simoen, J. Vlummens, C. Claeys, H. Maes, L. Hermans, E. Heijne, P. Jarron, F. Anghinolfi, P. Aspell, Marnie L Campbell, F. Pengg, L. Bosisio, E. Focardi, P. Delpierre, A. Mekkaoui, M. Habrard, D. Sauvage","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301276","url":null,"abstract":"The monolithic integration of electronics and high-resistivity silicon detectors is reported. The approach is based on CMOS circuit integration in the top layer of high-resistivity SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers. In a preliminary feasibility study, high-resistivity wafers were subjected to SOI layer fabrication methods and evaluated with a simple diode process for two main characteristics: diode leakage and possible dopant concentration increase. In the second phase of the project, a full SOI-on-H Omega process was executed. MOSFET behavior was then evaluated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123496771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301436
N. Bacchetta, D. Bisello, Y. Gotra, A. Paccagnella, G. Verzellesi, C. Canali, P. Fuochi
Results are presented showing the radiation response of FOXFET (field-oxide field effect transistor) biased AC-coupled microstrip detectors and related test patterns to be used in the CDF microvertex detector. The radiation tolerance of detectors to gamma and proton irradiation has been tested, and the radiation induced variations of the DC electrical parameters have been analyzed. The long-term post-irradiation behavior of detector characteristics has been studied, and the relevant room-temperature annealing phenomena have been considered. The main radiation damage effects after gamma or proton irradiation of FOXFET biased microstrip detectors consist of an increase of the total leakage current, while both the detector dynamic resistance and FOXFET switching voltage decrease. No radiation-induced variation of the strip self bias Vso is measured up to 1 Mrad. The above variations are due to the generation of Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface traps and positive charge accumulation in the oxide film, as confirmed by C-V measurements on MOS capacitors.<>
{"title":"Degradation of silicon AC-coupled microstrip detectors induced by radiation damage","authors":"N. Bacchetta, D. Bisello, Y. Gotra, A. Paccagnella, G. Verzellesi, C. Canali, P. Fuochi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301436","url":null,"abstract":"Results are presented showing the radiation response of FOXFET (field-oxide field effect transistor) biased AC-coupled microstrip detectors and related test patterns to be used in the CDF microvertex detector. The radiation tolerance of detectors to gamma and proton irradiation has been tested, and the radiation induced variations of the DC electrical parameters have been analyzed. The long-term post-irradiation behavior of detector characteristics has been studied, and the relevant room-temperature annealing phenomena have been considered. The main radiation damage effects after gamma or proton irradiation of FOXFET biased microstrip detectors consist of an increase of the total leakage current, while both the detector dynamic resistance and FOXFET switching voltage decrease. No radiation-induced variation of the strip self bias Vso is measured up to 1 Mrad. The above variations are due to the generation of Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface traps and positive charge accumulation in the oxide film, as confirmed by C-V measurements on MOS capacitors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"93 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120868339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301022
F. Daghighiam, P. Shenderov, K. Pentlow, M. Graham, C. Melcher, J. Schweitzer
A new scintillation crystal, cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), was recently discovered, with light intensity 75% of NaI(Tl), scintillation decay time of 12 ns (30%) and 42 ns (70%), effective Z of 66, and density of 7.4 g/cc. The fast decay time and scintillation light output of LSO are superior to those of bismuth germanate (BGO) for positron emission tomography (PET) and the stopping power of LSO for 511 keV photons is only slightly lower than that of BGO. The authors directly compared the detection characteristics relevant to PET applications of small crystals of LSO (2*2*10 mm) with those of BGO. The energy resolution at 511 keV was 12% FWHM for LSO and two to three times wider for BGO. The coincidence timing of two opposing crystals, using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) (Hamamatsu R2486), were 1.4 ns FWHM for LSO and more than three times higher for BGO. Using a fast PMT (Hamamatsu R3177), coincidence timing for LSO yielded 0.46 ns FWHM. These crystals are being used to simulate a small-scale PET scanner and to investigate its imaging performance.<>
{"title":"Evaluation of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals for PET","authors":"F. Daghighiam, P. Shenderov, K. Pentlow, M. Graham, C. Melcher, J. Schweitzer","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301022","url":null,"abstract":"A new scintillation crystal, cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), was recently discovered, with light intensity 75% of NaI(Tl), scintillation decay time of 12 ns (30%) and 42 ns (70%), effective Z of 66, and density of 7.4 g/cc. The fast decay time and scintillation light output of LSO are superior to those of bismuth germanate (BGO) for positron emission tomography (PET) and the stopping power of LSO for 511 keV photons is only slightly lower than that of BGO. The authors directly compared the detection characteristics relevant to PET applications of small crystals of LSO (2*2*10 mm) with those of BGO. The energy resolution at 511 keV was 12% FWHM for LSO and two to three times wider for BGO. The coincidence timing of two opposing crystals, using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) (Hamamatsu R2486), were 1.4 ns FWHM for LSO and more than three times higher for BGO. Using a fast PMT (Hamamatsu R3177), coincidence timing for LSO yielded 0.46 ns FWHM. These crystals are being used to simulate a small-scale PET scanner and to investigate its imaging performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"61 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114087139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301323
J. Anderson, R. Forster, J. Franzen, N. Wilcer
A fully integrated system for the diagnosis and repair of data acquisition hardware in FASTBUS, VME, and CAMAC is described. A short cost/benefit analysis of using a distributed network of personal computers for diagnosis is presented. The SPUDS (Single Platform Uniting Diagnostic Software) software package developed at Fermilab is introduced. Examples of how SPUDS is currently used in the Fermilab equipment repair facility as an evaluation tool and for field diagnostics are given.<>
{"title":"Integrated FASTBUS, VME and CAMAC diagnostic software at Fermilab","authors":"J. Anderson, R. Forster, J. Franzen, N. Wilcer","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301323","url":null,"abstract":"A fully integrated system for the diagnosis and repair of data acquisition hardware in FASTBUS, VME, and CAMAC is described. A short cost/benefit analysis of using a distributed network of personal computers for diagnosis is presented. The SPUDS (Single Platform Uniting Diagnostic Software) software package developed at Fermilab is introduced. Examples of how SPUDS is currently used in the Fermilab equipment repair facility as an evaluation tool and for field diagnostics are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116472233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301076
T. Pan, M. Gennert, J. Gauch, M. King
The authors investigate three methods of calculating the derivative of an image for the second directional derivative (SDD) operator, which has been shown by M.A. Gennert et al. (1991) to provide improved accuracy of volume quantitation. The three methods are Zucker-Hummel finite-impulse-response (ZH-FIR) filtering, Monga-Deriche finite-impulse-response (MD-IIR) filtering, and the Gaussian-derivative Fourier transform (GD-FT) method. The three methods resulted in very similar volumes when applied to the simulated images of a set of spherical sources. It is also found that, by using an interpolative background subtraction technique, the quantitation accuracy of the low-contrast spheres can be significantly improved.<>
{"title":"Comparison of second directional derivative boundary detection methods for SPECT","authors":"T. Pan, M. Gennert, J. Gauch, M. King","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301076","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigate three methods of calculating the derivative of an image for the second directional derivative (SDD) operator, which has been shown by M.A. Gennert et al. (1991) to provide improved accuracy of volume quantitation. The three methods are Zucker-Hummel finite-impulse-response (ZH-FIR) filtering, Monga-Deriche finite-impulse-response (MD-IIR) filtering, and the Gaussian-derivative Fourier transform (GD-FT) method. The three methods resulted in very similar volumes when applied to the simulated images of a set of spherical sources. It is also found that, by using an interpolative background subtraction technique, the quantitation accuracy of the low-contrast spheres can be significantly improved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121450439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301203
H. Henschel, H. Kaufmann, M. Klein, W. Lange, J. Meibner
Summary form only. The authors discuss a study to upgrade the existing H1 tracking detector by a semiconductor backward tracking telescope consisting of eight beam concentric discs to measure the gluon and quark distribution functions at very low Bjorken x. Each disc comprises three planes of strip and pad silicon detectors made of 4-in wafers in order to measure the polar angle and the transverse momentum, and to trigger on deep inelastically scattered electrons. The technical and electronics design of the trigger has to cope with very high beam background rates and the HERA bunch crossing rate of 10.4 MHz.<>
{"title":"A silicon backward tracking detector and trigger for the H1 experiment at the ep collider HERA","authors":"H. Henschel, H. Kaufmann, M. Klein, W. Lange, J. Meibner","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301203","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. The authors discuss a study to upgrade the existing H1 tracking detector by a semiconductor backward tracking telescope consisting of eight beam concentric discs to measure the gluon and quark distribution functions at very low Bjorken x. Each disc comprises three planes of strip and pad silicon detectors made of 4-in wafers in order to measure the polar angle and the transverse momentum, and to trigger on deep inelastically scattered electrons. The technical and electronics design of the trigger has to cope with very high beam background rates and the HERA bunch crossing rate of 10.4 MHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114721551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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