Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2054412
Ulrik Langen
Immediately following the dramatic coup against J. F. Struensee in 1772, information on the events at court was in high demand. Amid this political upheaval an enterprising publicist in Copenhagen launched a new magazine with the explicit ambition of reporting whatever information could by picked up about the coup. In order not to be on a collision course with the new regime the magazine invented a new way of curating different types of intelligence by segregating news, rumours, and commentary in recurrent columns. This adaptable news coverage evaded controversy by reflexive intertwinement of the contents of the columns, while at the same time giving readers the opportunity to make their own value attribution of the information presented.
{"title":"Reportage, Rumours, and Conversation","authors":"Ulrik Langen","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2054412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2054412","url":null,"abstract":"Immediately following the dramatic coup against J. F. Struensee in 1772, information on the events at court was in high demand. Amid this political upheaval an enterprising publicist in Copenhagen launched a new magazine with the explicit ambition of reporting whatever information could by picked up about the coup. In order not to be on a collision course with the new regime the magazine invented a new way of curating different types of intelligence by segregating news, rumours, and commentary in recurrent columns. This adaptable news coverage evaded controversy by reflexive intertwinement of the contents of the columns, while at the same time giving readers the opportunity to make their own value attribution of the information presented.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48187607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2054410
Susanna Paasonen, Laura Saarenmaa
Media history is still written largely from national perspectives so that the role of import and export, translations and franchises is seldom foregrounded. On geographically and linguistically limited markets, imported materials have nevertheless been crucial parts of popular print culture. This paper explores the market of ‘sex edutainment’ magazines in 1970s Finland, zooming specifically in on Leikki (‘Play’, 1976), a sex magazine for women translated from the Norwegian Lek (first launched in 1971) that provided knowledge on topics ranging from marriage to masturbation and lesbian desire. Through contextual analysis of Leikki, a marginal publication that has basically faded from popular memory, this article attends to ephemeral and even failed print media in order to account for the heterogeneity of the 1970s sex press market as it intermeshed with sex advice and education. In so doing, it adds new perspectives to a field largely focused on successful periodicals and addresses knowledge gaps resulting from the exclusion of the sex press from mainstream media historiography.
{"title":"Short-Lived Play","authors":"Susanna Paasonen, Laura Saarenmaa","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2054410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2054410","url":null,"abstract":"Media history is still written largely from national perspectives so that the role of import and export, translations and franchises is seldom foregrounded. On geographically and linguistically limited markets, imported materials have nevertheless been crucial parts of popular print culture. This paper explores the market of ‘sex edutainment’ magazines in 1970s Finland, zooming specifically in on Leikki (‘Play’, 1976), a sex magazine for women translated from the Norwegian Lek (first launched in 1971) that provided knowledge on topics ranging from marriage to masturbation and lesbian desire. Through contextual analysis of Leikki, a marginal publication that has basically faded from popular memory, this article attends to ephemeral and even failed print media in order to account for the heterogeneity of the 1970s sex press market as it intermeshed with sex advice and education. In so doing, it adds new perspectives to a field largely focused on successful periodicals and addresses knowledge gaps resulting from the exclusion of the sex press from mainstream media historiography.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42200474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2054408
Sofia Paasikivi, Hannu Salmi, Aleksi Vesanto, Filip Ginter
Cholera was the emblematic disease of the nineteenth-century Europe. This article explores the cultural ramifications of cholera by concentrating on the ways in which public discourse participated in circulating information on the disease. It focuses on the reuse of texts about cholera in the Finnish press from 1860 to 1920. The most difficult cholera epidemics in Finland were the first ones in the 1830s and 1850s, and the number of casualties dropped significantly towards the end of the century. At the same time, however, cholera was discussed more than ever, and there was the rising curve of the references to cholera from the 1860s onwards. In Finland, the public discourse on cholera was also entangled with the rising nationalism towards the end of the nineteenth century.
{"title":"Infectious Media: Cholera and the Circulation of Texts in the Finnish Press, 1860–1920","authors":"Sofia Paasikivi, Hannu Salmi, Aleksi Vesanto, Filip Ginter","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2054408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2054408","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera was the emblematic disease of the nineteenth-century Europe. This article explores the cultural ramifications of cholera by concentrating on the ways in which public discourse participated in circulating information on the disease. It focuses on the reuse of texts about cholera in the Finnish press from 1860 to 1920. The most difficult cholera epidemics in Finland were the first ones in the 1830s and 1850s, and the number of casualties dropped significantly towards the end of the century. At the same time, however, cholera was discussed more than ever, and there was the rising curve of the references to cholera from the 1860s onwards. In Finland, the public discourse on cholera was also entangled with the rising nationalism towards the end of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49255708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2054407
J. Hamilton
This article investigates the reproduction of the foundational terrain of media work as composed of amateur and professional realms through the youth movement of amateur journalism in the late 19th-Century United States. Amateur journalists wrote, typeset and printed journals of essays, commentary, word puzzles and stories, which were circulated primarily among themselves in subcultural networks of reciprocity. A broad cultural analysis characterizes how debates about social change due to industrialization shaped definitions and valuations of amateurism and professionalism. A critical political-economic analysis examines how these changes and debates as refracted and reproduced through the commercialization of literary industries and printing technologies spawned amateur journalism. A critical analysis of surviving autobiographical works by amateur journalists of the day explores the on-the-ground cultural production of amateurism and professionalism through amateur journalism’s ascendance, peak and decline. The article concludes by reflecting on the value of these findings for understanding today’s media terrain.
{"title":"Terrains of Media Work; Producing Amateurs and Professionals in the 19th-Century United States","authors":"J. Hamilton","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2054407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2054407","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the reproduction of the foundational terrain of media work as composed of amateur and professional realms through the youth movement of amateur journalism in the late 19th-Century United States. Amateur journalists wrote, typeset and printed journals of essays, commentary, word puzzles and stories, which were circulated primarily among themselves in subcultural networks of reciprocity. A broad cultural analysis characterizes how debates about social change due to industrialization shaped definitions and valuations of amateurism and professionalism. A critical political-economic analysis examines how these changes and debates as refracted and reproduced through the commercialization of literary industries and printing technologies spawned amateur journalism. A critical analysis of surviving autobiographical works by amateur journalists of the day explores the on-the-ground cultural production of amateurism and professionalism through amateur journalism’s ascendance, peak and decline. The article concludes by reflecting on the value of these findings for understanding today’s media terrain.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48423956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2048642
B. Çağlar
This study takes up the subject of the Journalist biography of Edgar Whitaker, one of the three editors of The Levant Herald (1856-1914), extending from London to the Ottoman Empire, while giving particular focus on his adventurous journey as a publisher since under his editorship The Levant Herald contributed to the formation of the political opposition to the Hamidian regime (1878-1909). The study addresses Whitaker’s ongoing struggle against suppression, censorship and closure penalties that were imposed by the Ottoman government. His effort served to spread the journalism tradition within the Ottoman Press. The study also gives attention to the political, social, and cultural relations that Whitaker as a journalist of British nationality established with the Ottoman government, the British embassy, and the European Levantine communities.
{"title":"Edgar Whitaker","authors":"B. Çağlar","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2048642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2048642","url":null,"abstract":"This study takes up the subject of the Journalist biography of Edgar Whitaker, one of the three editors of The Levant Herald (1856-1914), extending from London to the Ottoman Empire, while giving particular focus on his adventurous journey as a publisher since under his editorship The Levant Herald contributed to the formation of the political opposition to the Hamidian regime (1878-1909). The study addresses Whitaker’s ongoing struggle against suppression, censorship and closure penalties that were imposed by the Ottoman government. His effort served to spread the journalism tradition within the Ottoman Press. The study also gives attention to the political, social, and cultural relations that Whitaker as a journalist of British nationality established with the Ottoman government, the British embassy, and the European Levantine communities.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47516384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2051461
C. O’Reilly
This study examines local government reporting in the English provincial press from 1900 to 1950. It has two main findings—firstly, that the press moved from verbatim council reports in the early part of the century to selective news stories that were designed to maximise news values and commercial revenues. City council meeting reports were re-shaped, re-focused and re-formulated to resemble news stories, often featuring on the front pages. They conformed to journalistic news values such as drama, conflict and personalities and provide evidence of a move to a more news-driven approach to local government reporting. The paper also demonstrates the often-invisible commercial links between some elected representatives and the local press, on whose boards of management they sat. Overall, it provides a challenge to the conventional wisdom that the provincial press interest in municipal issues declined in the twentieth century.
{"title":"Municipal Matters","authors":"C. O’Reilly","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2051461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2051461","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines local government reporting in the English provincial press from 1900 to 1950. It has two main findings—firstly, that the press moved from verbatim council reports in the early part of the century to selective news stories that were designed to maximise news values and commercial revenues. City council meeting reports were re-shaped, re-focused and re-formulated to resemble news stories, often featuring on the front pages. They conformed to journalistic news values such as drama, conflict and personalities and provide evidence of a move to a more news-driven approach to local government reporting. The paper also demonstrates the often-invisible commercial links between some elected representatives and the local press, on whose boards of management they sat. Overall, it provides a challenge to the conventional wisdom that the provincial press interest in municipal issues declined in the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2048640
Masduki
This paper revisits the history of Indonesian broadcasting, focusing particularly on the broadcasting model implemented during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945) and its influence on broadcast organizations in the post-independence era. Taking into consideration four elements of broadcast governance—remit, structure, ownership, and funding—this study examines how the Japanese colonial model of radio became the model used by the Radio of the Republic of Indonesia. Examining the broadcast policies of colonial Japan and post-independence Indonesia, this paper finds policy connections between these countries’ broadcast systems. Japanese colonial policy remained evident in the management of Indonesia’s radio in the early independence era, particularly in the use of autocratic political propaganda and centralized control of media content. Even today, the military media of colonial Japan continues to influence how broadcasters serve Indonesia’s national interests. This paper fills the gap in the literature on how Japanese colonialism has affected broadcast systems of Asia.
{"title":"The Influence of Japanese Colonialism on Post-Independence Indonesian Radio","authors":"Masduki","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2048640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2048640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits the history of Indonesian broadcasting, focusing particularly on the broadcasting model implemented during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945) and its influence on broadcast organizations in the post-independence era. Taking into consideration four elements of broadcast governance—remit, structure, ownership, and funding—this study examines how the Japanese colonial model of radio became the model used by the Radio of the Republic of Indonesia. Examining the broadcast policies of colonial Japan and post-independence Indonesia, this paper finds policy connections between these countries’ broadcast systems. Japanese colonial policy remained evident in the management of Indonesia’s radio in the early independence era, particularly in the use of autocratic political propaganda and centralized control of media content. Even today, the military media of colonial Japan continues to influence how broadcasters serve Indonesia’s national interests. This paper fills the gap in the literature on how Japanese colonialism has affected broadcast systems of Asia.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44713275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2051460
M. O'Brien
As an innovative photojournalism publication with a left-of-centre worldview, Picture Post was hugely popular in Ireland but also has the distinction of being one of the most frequently banned periodicals in twentieth-century Ireland. Senior church figures and morality campaigners viewed its photojournalism as indecent and obscene and engaged in a sustained decades-long battle to ban the publication. Utilising records held at the National Archives of Ireland, this article examines the campaign against Picture Post as a case study to offer a deeper comprehension of the Catholic Church inspired crusade against popular ‘foreign’ and ‘immoral’ publications. Understanding the motivations and rationale for targeting periodicals such as Picture Post is central to illuminating not just the censorship mentality that dominated Irish life in the period under consideration but is central also to appreciating the rational offered by morality campaigners in favour of the Irish censorship regime.
{"title":"‘Indecent and Suggestive Pictorial Matter’","authors":"M. O'Brien","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2051460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2051460","url":null,"abstract":"As an innovative photojournalism publication with a left-of-centre worldview, Picture Post was hugely popular in Ireland but also has the distinction of being one of the most frequently banned periodicals in twentieth-century Ireland. Senior church figures and morality campaigners viewed its photojournalism as indecent and obscene and engaged in a sustained decades-long battle to ban the publication. Utilising records held at the National Archives of Ireland, this article examines the campaign against Picture Post as a case study to offer a deeper comprehension of the Catholic Church inspired crusade against popular ‘foreign’ and ‘immoral’ publications. Understanding the motivations and rationale for targeting periodicals such as Picture Post is central to illuminating not just the censorship mentality that dominated Irish life in the period under consideration but is central also to appreciating the rational offered by morality campaigners in favour of the Irish censorship regime.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2048641
R. Williamson
Australian newspapers mediate the response of the prime minister to communities stricken by disaster. From 1967, newspapers have reported ritualised visits by the prime minister to sites of natural disaster along with associated press conferences. A historical overview of national and metropolitan newspapers reveals that through word and image, dress is presented as a meaningful performative element of these rituals and increasingly acknowledged as such. It also reveals a shift toward an expectation that the prime minister dress in a way that projects empathetic engagement with communities. While confined to only some newspapers and prime ministers, this shift arguably is significant in the evolution of newspaper depictions of disaster and political authenticity. Donyale R. Griffin-Padgett and Donnetrice Allison’s concept of restorative rhetoric, Gunn Enli’s notion of performed authenticity and Jeffrey C. Alexander’s theory of cultural pragmatics inform this finding.
{"title":"Costumes of Empathy","authors":"R. Williamson","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2048641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2048641","url":null,"abstract":"Australian newspapers mediate the response of the prime minister to communities stricken by disaster. From 1967, newspapers have reported ritualised visits by the prime minister to sites of natural disaster along with associated press conferences. A historical overview of national and metropolitan newspapers reveals that through word and image, dress is presented as a meaningful performative element of these rituals and increasingly acknowledged as such. It also reveals a shift toward an expectation that the prime minister dress in a way that projects empathetic engagement with communities. While confined to only some newspapers and prime ministers, this shift arguably is significant in the evolution of newspaper depictions of disaster and political authenticity. Donyale R. Griffin-Padgett and Donnetrice Allison’s concept of restorative rhetoric, Gunn Enli’s notion of performed authenticity and Jeffrey C. Alexander’s theory of cultural pragmatics inform this finding.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2048643
I. Richet
{"title":"Standing on the Edge of Two Cultural Worlds","authors":"I. Richet","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2048643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2048643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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