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Insistent Hope as Anti-Anti-Utopian Politics in N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth Trilogy 作为反乌托邦政治的坚持希望在杰米辛的《破碎的地球》三部曲中的表现
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.33.1.0018
Mark A. Tabone
abstract:This article discusses the politics of hope in N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth trilogy. Drawing on scholarship in utopian studies, science fiction studies, and Africana studies, it discusses the ways in which Jemisin uses two intentional community experiments depicted in the trilogy as "critical utopias" in order to work through problems involved in collective living, including the potentially anti-utopian aspects of these communities' shortcomings. Ultimately, despite the apocalyptic setting that has attracted the most attention from critics, this article argues that The Broken Earth ultimately affirms the necessity of utopian hope, even amid anti-utopian circumstances, and as such is an important and timely political statement. In a historical moment marked by social and racial strife and, in the literary realm, by what Sean Guynes calls "dystopia fatigue," Jemisin's trilogy does not promise utopia, but insists on the need for hope in seemingly hopeless times, the "anti-anti-utopian" orientation described by Fredric Jameson.
本文探讨了耶米辛《破碎的地球》三部曲中的希望政治。它借鉴了乌托邦研究、科幻小说研究和非洲研究的学术成果,讨论了杰米辛如何使用三部曲中描述为“批判性乌托邦”的两个有意的社区实验来解决集体生活中涉及的问题,包括这些社区缺点中潜在的反乌托邦方面。最终,尽管世界末日的背景最受评论家关注,但这篇文章认为,《破碎的地球》最终肯定了乌托邦希望的必要性,即使在反乌托邦的情况下也是如此,因此是一个重要而及时的政治声明。在一个以社会和种族冲突为标志的历史时刻,在文学领域,肖恩·盖恩斯所说的“反乌托邦疲劳”,杰米辛的三部曲并没有承诺乌托邦,而是坚持在看似绝望的时代需要希望,弗雷德里克·詹姆森所描述的“反反乌托邦”取向。
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引用次数: 1
Becoming Utopian: The Culture and Politics of Radical Transformation 成为乌托邦:激进转型的文化与政治
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.33.1.0172
S. Fassbinder
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引用次数: 3
Dystopian/Utopian Theatre in Britain after 2000 and Its Political Spaces, Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung / Centre for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), University of Bielefeld, March 11–13, 2021
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.33.1.0192
D. Henneböhl, Luciana Tamas
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引用次数: 0
Cyberbullying and its protective and risk factors among Polish adolescents. 波兰青少年中的网络欺凌及其保护和风险因素
IF 1 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-24 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.111404
Julia Łosiak-Pilch, Paweł Grygiel, Barbara Ostafińska-Molik, Ewa Wysocka

Background: Cyberbullying has recently attracted attention because of its increasing occurrence and serious consequences for victims. The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence rates of cyberbullying and the association between cyberbullying and protective/risk factors (cognitive empathy, assertiveness, cooperation, pro-social behaviour, and social support) among Polish adolescents.

Participants and procedure: Participants (822 students, 448 girls and 374 boys, M = 12.97, SD = 1.02) completed a computer-based online questionnaire.

Results: The majority of respondents did not experience cyberbul-lying in the last six months, while a significant group still experienced cyberbullying regularly (28.1%). Engaging in cyberbullying appeared to be even less common: it was reported by 12.3% of respondents. Family and peer social support appeared to be the strongest protective factor against experiencing cyberbullying while assertiveness was a characteristic that makes a person more likely to engage in cyberbullying.

Conclusions: The results of our study can serve as guidance for preventive interventions against cyberbullying.

背景:网络欺凌事件越来越多,对受害者造成了严重的后果,近年来引起了人们的关注。本研究旨在调查波兰青少年网络欺凌的发生率,以及网络欺凌与保护性/风险因素(认知共情、自信、合作、亲社会行为和社会支持)之间的关系。参与者和程序:参与者(822名学生,448名女生和374名男生,M = 12.97, SD = 1.02)完成了一份基于计算机的在线问卷。结果:大多数受访者在过去六个月内没有经历过网络欺凌,而相当一部分人仍然经常经历网络欺凌(28.1%)。参与网络欺凌似乎更不常见:12.3%的受访者报告了这一点。家庭和同伴的社会支持似乎是防止遭受网络欺凌的最强保护因素,而自信则是使一个人更有可能参与网络欺凌的一个特征。结论:本研究结果可为网络欺凌的预防干预提供指导。
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引用次数: 1
A Nostalgic Return to the Future: The Utopian Dialectic in Hao Jingfang's Vagabonds 对未来的怀旧回归——郝景芳《流浪汉》中的乌托邦辩证法
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0636
Guangzhao Lyu
abstract:As one of the most representative writers of contemporary Chinese science fiction, Hao Jingfang is well known for her world-building that blends the characteristics of both utopia and dystopia, especially in Vagabonds. In line with the classic utopian dialectic in Le Guin's The Dispossessed, Hao Jingfang has also set up two opposing worlds: the libertarian Earth that welcomes market competition and individualistic pursuit for capital and the egalitarian Martian Republic built upon scarcity and under the supervision of a central archive system that provides social welfare and protection. However, neither of the two societies is "perfect" enough to be called a true utopia. People in both societies see the other world as the negation of their own, though this, again, simply traps them in an unending cycle of "negating to negation." Through such a process of negative hermeneutics, Vagabonds provides a dialectical paradigm with which to interrogate China's postsocialist transition since the 1990s while invoking a utopian hope for a post-postsocialist alternative for China.
摘要:作为中国当代科幻小说最具代表性的作家之一,郝景芳以其融合了乌托邦与反乌托邦特征的世界建构而著称,尤其是在《流浪汉》中。根据勒金的《被抛弃者》中经典的乌托邦辩证法,郝景芳还建立了两个对立的世界:一个是欢迎市场竞争和个人主义资本追求的自由主义地球,另一个是建立在稀缺基础上并在提供社会福利和保护的中央档案系统监督下的平等主义火星共和国。然而,这两个社会都不够“完美”,不足以被称为真正的乌托邦。两个社会的人都把另一个世界看作是对自己世界的否定,尽管这再次将他们困在一个无休止的“从否定到否定”的循环中,《流浪汉》提供了一种辩证范式,用来质疑中国自20世纪90年代以来的后社会主义转型,同时唤起了对中国后社会主义替代方案的乌托邦式希望。
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引用次数: 0
Margery Brown's Air-Age Utopia for American Women 玛格丽·布朗的空气时代美国女性乌托邦
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0513
F. Erisman
abstract:Among the women pilots prominent during the American between-the-wars years, Margery Brown (1892–1961) set no records and made no thrilling flights. During the "Golden Age of American Aviation" (1925–40), however, she published eight articles that established her as an articulate voice advocating aviation as a benefit to America's women. She postulated a technologically based utopia in which the transformative power of aviation would bring about a new freedom for those women who chose to embrace it. Flight would allow women to demonstrate their ability to master a new and sophisticated technology. They would gain moral discipline and would shed the cultural limitations that had for so long held them back. They would abolish gender discrimination in the air, achieving a transcendent degree of liberation and a new freedom, all gained through the agency of flight.
在美国两次世界大战期间的杰出女飞行员中,玛杰里·布朗(1892-1961)没有创造任何记录,也没有进行过任何激动人心的飞行。然而,在“美国航空的黄金时代”(1925年至1940年),她发表了八篇文章,使她成为倡导航空为美国妇女造福的清晰声音。她设想了一个以技术为基础的乌托邦,在那里,航空的变革力量将为那些选择拥抱它的女性带来新的自由。飞行将使妇女能够展示她们掌握一项新的复杂技术的能力。他们将获得道德纪律,并将摆脱长期以来阻碍他们的文化限制。他们将废除空中的性别歧视,达到一种超越的解放程度和一种新的自由,这一切都是通过飞行的媒介获得的。
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引用次数: 0
The Closed West: Rajneeshpuram and the Failure of Utopia in Antelope, Oregon 封闭的西部:拉杰尼什普兰和乌托邦的失败在羚羊,俄勒冈
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0652
Robertson
abstract:Settler colonialism lay at the heart of the dispute between Oregonians and the followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, who built a utopian community called Rajneeshpuram in central Oregon between 1981 and 1985. Rajneeshpuram's inhabitants believed their environmentalist ambitions would align them with settler-spirited and eco-minded Oregonians. However, Oregon's land use laws were rooted in the dispossession of Native land, a foundational theft that was reinstantiated in present-day hierarchies of land use and ownership. Many Oregonians simultaneously saw the residents of Rajneeshpuram as invaders and invoked frontier narratives in their defense, blending them with prevalent political and cultural concerns of contamination. Rajneesh and his followers' disregard for zoning laws and inflammatory tactics brought about their community's undoing. Rajneeshpuram thus challenged an arrangement that was the historical product of settler colonialism while replicating it. The conflict was mired in the idealistic—and incompatible—self-interest of opposing settler groups.
定居者殖民主义是俄勒冈人和巴格万·什里·拉杰尼什追随者之间争端的核心。1981年至1985年间,拉杰尼什什在俄勒冈州中部建立了一个名为拉杰尼施普兰的乌托邦社区。Rajneeshpuram的居民相信,他们的环保主义野心将使他们与有定居者精神和生态意识的俄勒冈人保持一致。然而,俄勒冈州的土地使用法植根于对原住民土地的剥夺,这是一种基本的盗窃行为,在当今的土地使用和所有权等级制度中得到了重申。许多俄勒冈人同时将Rajneeshpuram的居民视为入侵者,并援引边境叙事进行辩护,将其与普遍存在的污染政治和文化担忧融合在一起。Rajneesh和他的追随者无视分区法和煽动性策略,导致了他们社区的毁灭。因此,Rajneeshpuram在复制定居者殖民主义的历史产物的同时,挑战了这种安排。冲突陷入了对立定居者团体的理想主义和不相容的私利之中。
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引用次数: 0
Utopian Imagination in Ancient Iran: The Nostalgia of a Lost Paradise 古代伊朗的乌托邦想象:失落天堂的怀旧
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0582
R. Khosravi
abstract:Various manifestations of utopia, aspiring or conservative, idyllic or oppressive, credible or far-fetched, have long been elaborated in classics of literature, philosophy, and political theory. Nevertheless, utopian imagination has a tendency to transcend the boundaries of classic texts and debates. Presenting an account of an oriental utopia lost in history, this article revisits utopian imagination in ancient Iran. In particular, it discusses the construction of the utopian city of Varjamkard under Jamshid, one of the most popular Shahs or kings in Persian mythology. A paradise hidden from the world's eyes, Varjamkard was built to protect people from the dire winter that was the manifestation of evil on earth; but then this earthly paradise was lost because of Jamshid's disregard for a divine law. This paper aims to unearth an ancient utopian tradition, taking the concept of utopia to the less explored realms in history and times.
乌托邦的各种表现形式,有抱负的还是保守的,田园诗般的还是压抑的,可信的还是牵强的,早已在文学、哲学和政治理论的经典中得到阐述。然而,乌托邦想象有一种超越经典文本和辩论界限的趋势。这篇文章回顾了古代伊朗的乌托邦想象,讲述了一个迷失在历史中的东方乌托邦。特别是,它讨论了在波斯神话中最受欢迎的国王之一贾姆希德(Jamshid)统治下的乌托邦城市Varjamkard的建设。瓦雅卡德是一个隐藏在世人视线之外的天堂,它的建造是为了保护人们免受地球上邪恶的化身——可怕的冬天的侵袭;但后来这个人间天堂就失去了,因为贾姆希德无视神圣的律法。本文旨在挖掘一种古老的乌托邦传统,将乌托邦的概念带入历史和时代中较少被探索的领域。
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引用次数: 1
Islamic Utopianism: Key Concepts from the Quranic Story of Adam's Creation 伊斯兰乌托邦主义:《古兰经》亚当创造故事中的关键概念
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0478
M. Bajaber
abstract:This article argues that the story of Adam's creation in the Quran establishes some early terminology on Islamic utopianism that later influenced the utopian drive in the Muslim world. It also argues that proper understanding of Islamic utopianism calls for Bloch's redefinition of the term and his differentiation between utopian function, content, and form and between abstract and concrete utopias. Throughout the article, the writer tracks the formation of abstract and concrete utopias in the Quranic story of Adam and his mission on Earth. The writer then explains and illustrates how the Quranic story established three terms crucial to the formation of many secular and religious utopian articulations in Islamic history: Ḵilāfa, istiʿmār, and ṣirāṭ mustaqīm. This article is useful to researchers interested in utopianism beyond the Western context because it provides preliminary research on Islamic utopianism that has been scarcely studied so far
本文认为,《古兰经》中亚当被创造的故事为伊斯兰乌托邦主义建立了一些早期术语,这些术语后来影响了穆斯林世界的乌托邦动力。它还认为,正确理解伊斯兰乌托邦主义需要布洛赫重新定义这个术语,并区分乌托邦的功能、内容和形式,以及抽象乌托邦和具体乌托邦。在整篇文章中,作者追溯了古兰经中亚当的故事和他在地球上的使命中抽象和具体乌托邦的形成。然后,作者解释并说明了《古兰经》故事如何建立了三个术语,这三个术语对伊斯兰历史上许多世俗和宗教乌托邦的形成至关重要:Ḵilāfa, isti al mār和ṣirāṭ mustaq ? m。这篇文章对对西方以外的乌托邦感兴趣的研究人员很有帮助,因为它对迄今为止很少研究的伊斯兰乌托邦主义提供了初步的研究
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引用次数: 1
Utopia Matters! The Importance of Utopianism and Utopian Scholarship 乌托邦的问题!乌托邦主义与乌托邦学术的重要性
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0453
Sargent
abstract:An argument for the importance of utopianism and a reflection on the current state of utopian scholarship that was to have been given as a keynote address at the annual meeting of Utopian Studies Europe in Bucharest in 2020.
关于乌托邦主义重要性的论述,以及对乌托邦学术现状的反思,将于2020年在布加勒斯特举行的欧洲乌托邦研究年会上作主题演讲。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Utopian Studies
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