Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype in women worldwide. The various alterations in the expression of different microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as crucial in the development of metastasis in breast tumors. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on cell survival, cell metastasis and expression of miR-101, ZEB1, ZEB2 and E- cadherin in MDA-MB-468 cells as a TNBC cell line. Methods: Cell viability was evaluated using the (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay), and the metastasis potential of MDA-MB-468 cells was investigated using the scratch and transwell assay. The expression of genes involved in the metastasis process was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The MTT assay showed that NaB attenuated MDA-MB-468 cell survival dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 3.1 mM after 72 h treatment. The scratch and transwell assays also showed the anti-metastatic potential of NaB. The expression of miR-101, E-cadherin, ZEB1, and ZEB2 was significantly difference in MDA-MB-468 cells treated with 3.1 mM NaB after 72 hours (P < 0.05). E-cadherin and miR-101 were up-regulated, while the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 was significantly down-regulated compared to the untreated cells. This suggests that NaB increased cell attachment and prevented metastasis. In addition, NaB (IC50 value) restored the expression of miR-101, as a tumor suppressor, in MDA-MB-468 cells confirming its anti-cancer potency. Conclusions: Sodium butyrate can be used as a drug to suppress invasion and cell migration in TNBC cells. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the putative anti-metastatic mechanism of NaB in preclinical and clinical settings.
{"title":"Sodium Butyrate as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Can Alter miR-101, ZEB1, ZEB2, and E-cadherin Expression in MDA-MB-468 Cells as Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"Sama Layegh Ahani, A. Niknejad, Elaheh Amini","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-139329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-139329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype in women worldwide. The various alterations in the expression of different microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as crucial in the development of metastasis in breast tumors. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on cell survival, cell metastasis and expression of miR-101, ZEB1, ZEB2 and E- cadherin in MDA-MB-468 cells as a TNBC cell line. Methods: Cell viability was evaluated using the (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay), and the metastasis potential of MDA-MB-468 cells was investigated using the scratch and transwell assay. The expression of genes involved in the metastasis process was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The MTT assay showed that NaB attenuated MDA-MB-468 cell survival dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 3.1 mM after 72 h treatment. The scratch and transwell assays also showed the anti-metastatic potential of NaB. The expression of miR-101, E-cadherin, ZEB1, and ZEB2 was significantly difference in MDA-MB-468 cells treated with 3.1 mM NaB after 72 hours (P < 0.05). E-cadherin and miR-101 were up-regulated, while the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 was significantly down-regulated compared to the untreated cells. This suggests that NaB increased cell attachment and prevented metastasis. In addition, NaB (IC50 value) restored the expression of miR-101, as a tumor suppressor, in MDA-MB-468 cells confirming its anti-cancer potency. Conclusions: Sodium butyrate can be used as a drug to suppress invasion and cell migration in TNBC cells. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the putative anti-metastatic mechanism of NaB in preclinical and clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Palliative care is one of the primary rights of children with cancer and their families. Identifying the unmet needs of palliative care for these children is important in providing high-quality care. Objectives: The present study aimed at explaining the perception of formal and informal caregivers about the unmet palliative care needs of children with cancer and their families. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to May 15, 2021, in one of the children’s hospitals in Rasht (Northern Iran). This study enrolled 25 caregivers (nurses, doctors, grandmothers, sisters, aunts, neighbors, and parents of children with cancer) and 5 children with cancer, who met the inclusion criteria by purposeful sampling to participate in in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation. A directed content analysis was performed according to the Elo and Kyngas proposed approach and based on the National Consensus Project (NCP) framework. The findings were managed by MAXQDA2020 software. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.40 ± 1.4 years, and 1,450 codes were extracted. The extracted theme was “the need for holistic care”, which included 7 main categories such as “the structure and process of care”, “physical aspects of care”, “psychological aspects of care”, “social aspects of care”, “cultural aspects of care”, “care of the patient nearing the end of life”, and “spiritual, religious, and existential aspects of care”, and 23 subcategories. Conclusions: Children with cancer and their families have many physical, psychological, spiritual, and social needs. To meet these needs, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for palliative care, strive for justice in access to palliative care services for children with cancer and their families, empower caregivers, form an interdisciplinary team, and promote cultural awareness regarding cancer and end-of-life care.
{"title":"Unmet Needs of Palliative Care Among Iranian Children with Cancer and Their Families: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Somaye Pouy, Zahra Taheri Ezbarami, M. Rassouli, Bahram Darbandi, Nazila Javadi-Pashaki","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-136251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-136251","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palliative care is one of the primary rights of children with cancer and their families. Identifying the unmet needs of palliative care for these children is important in providing high-quality care. Objectives: The present study aimed at explaining the perception of formal and informal caregivers about the unmet palliative care needs of children with cancer and their families. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to May 15, 2021, in one of the children’s hospitals in Rasht (Northern Iran). This study enrolled 25 caregivers (nurses, doctors, grandmothers, sisters, aunts, neighbors, and parents of children with cancer) and 5 children with cancer, who met the inclusion criteria by purposeful sampling to participate in in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation. A directed content analysis was performed according to the Elo and Kyngas proposed approach and based on the National Consensus Project (NCP) framework. The findings were managed by MAXQDA2020 software. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.40 ± 1.4 years, and 1,450 codes were extracted. The extracted theme was “the need for holistic care”, which included 7 main categories such as “the structure and process of care”, “physical aspects of care”, “psychological aspects of care”, “social aspects of care”, “cultural aspects of care”, “care of the patient nearing the end of life”, and “spiritual, religious, and existential aspects of care”, and 23 subcategories. Conclusions: Children with cancer and their families have many physical, psychological, spiritual, and social needs. To meet these needs, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for palliative care, strive for justice in access to palliative care services for children with cancer and their families, empower caregivers, form an interdisciplinary team, and promote cultural awareness regarding cancer and end-of-life care.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeed Erfanpoor, Paria Dehesh, Jalil Hasani, Fereshteh Davoodi, M. Akbari, M. Hadizadeh, K. Etemad
Background: Kidney and ureter cancers are two of the most prevalent urological cancers among Iranians. However, studies on the epidemiology and incidence of these cancers are primarily regional and focus on a specific period. Objectives: The present study investigated the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2016. Methods: In this study, information on kidney and ureter cancer cases in Iran from 2004 to 2016 was extracted from the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR). Crude and age-specific incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) was measured, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population. The Joinpoint software program 4.9.0.1 was used to calculate the annual percent changes (APC) in the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancers by age group, regional centers, and tumor grades across a 13-year period. Results: During the study period, 19 659 incidences of ureter and kidney cancer occurred in Iran. The crude and ASR of kidney cancer increased from 0.98 and 1.33 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 3.1 and 3.5 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. In addition, the crude and ASR of ureter cancer increased from 0.04 and 0.05 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 0.9 and 1.1 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. The national ASR of kidney cancer APC was 22.2% (P > 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 4.8% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016, respectively. The national ASR of ureter cancer APC was 290.8% (P < 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 7.5% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer increased over 13 years in Iran. Hence, the implementation of epidemiological studies in various regions and provinces is crucial for gaining a comprehensive and precise understanding of the underlying causes of kidney and ureter cancer incidence.
{"title":"Trend of the Incidence Rate of Kidney and Ureter Cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2016","authors":"Saeed Erfanpoor, Paria Dehesh, Jalil Hasani, Fereshteh Davoodi, M. Akbari, M. Hadizadeh, K. Etemad","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-140329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-140329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kidney and ureter cancers are two of the most prevalent urological cancers among Iranians. However, studies on the epidemiology and incidence of these cancers are primarily regional and focus on a specific period. Objectives: The present study investigated the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2016. Methods: In this study, information on kidney and ureter cancer cases in Iran from 2004 to 2016 was extracted from the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR). Crude and age-specific incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) was measured, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population. The Joinpoint software program 4.9.0.1 was used to calculate the annual percent changes (APC) in the trend of the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancers by age group, regional centers, and tumor grades across a 13-year period. Results: During the study period, 19 659 incidences of ureter and kidney cancer occurred in Iran. The crude and ASR of kidney cancer increased from 0.98 and 1.33 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 3.1 and 3.5 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. In addition, the crude and ASR of ureter cancer increased from 0.04 and 0.05 per 100 000 population in 2004 to 0.9 and 1.1 per 100 000 population in 2016, respectively. The national ASR of kidney cancer APC was 22.2% (P > 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 4.8% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016, respectively. The national ASR of ureter cancer APC was 290.8% (P < 0.05) from 2004 to 2006 and 7.5% (P < 0.05) from 2006 to 2016. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the incidence rate of kidney and ureter cancer increased over 13 years in Iran. Hence, the implementation of epidemiological studies in various regions and provinces is crucial for gaining a comprehensive and precise understanding of the underlying causes of kidney and ureter cancer incidence.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nowroozi, Ehsan Mosa Farkhani, K. Hushmandi, E. Amini, Seyed Ali Momeni, Seyed Hassan Inanloo, S. Bokaie, L. Sharifi
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The prevalence of prostate cancer in Iran is lower than in Western and European countries. Objectives: Our study presents an updated incidence rate of prostate cancer in Iran and its provinces, displays its trends, and adds its spatial distribution to the literature. Methods: We investigate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per annum of prostate cancer from 2003 to 2016 in Iran, using the data of the cancer registration available by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Crude incidence rates were calculated by dividing incident cases by the population of the whole country and each province which was available on the website of Iran Statistic Center. Age standardization was done by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population and presented according to age and province. Results: The crude number of incident prostate cancer cases in Iran was 49 188 between 2003 and 2016. Age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer showed an increasing trend from 4.46 in 2003 to 18.44 per 100 000 in 2016. Mazandaran (29.57 per 100 000 in 2008) and Esfahan (27.5 per 100 000 in 2016 and 26.51 per 100 000 in 2015) were provinces with the highest reported ASIRs, while Sistan and Baluchestan province had the lowest mean of ASIR (1.59 per 100 000) in the period of the study. Conclusions: The incidence of prostate cancer displays an increase of more than 4 times at the end of the study period. However, the increase in coverage of data recording and greater access to diagnostic tests during these years are effective in the reported ASIRS, but the steep slope in the incidence trend of prostate cancer compared to other cancers in Iran shows its capacity to become one of the health problems that underscore the necessity of implementation of control and prevention programs, especially in high-incidence provinces.
{"title":"Trends in Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Iran and Its 31 Provinces During 2003 - 2016","authors":"M. Nowroozi, Ehsan Mosa Farkhani, K. Hushmandi, E. Amini, Seyed Ali Momeni, Seyed Hassan Inanloo, S. Bokaie, L. Sharifi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-136819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-136819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The prevalence of prostate cancer in Iran is lower than in Western and European countries. Objectives: Our study presents an updated incidence rate of prostate cancer in Iran and its provinces, displays its trends, and adds its spatial distribution to the literature. Methods: We investigate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per annum of prostate cancer from 2003 to 2016 in Iran, using the data of the cancer registration available by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Crude incidence rates were calculated by dividing incident cases by the population of the whole country and each province which was available on the website of Iran Statistic Center. Age standardization was done by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population and presented according to age and province. Results: The crude number of incident prostate cancer cases in Iran was 49 188 between 2003 and 2016. Age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer showed an increasing trend from 4.46 in 2003 to 18.44 per 100 000 in 2016. Mazandaran (29.57 per 100 000 in 2008) and Esfahan (27.5 per 100 000 in 2016 and 26.51 per 100 000 in 2015) were provinces with the highest reported ASIRs, while Sistan and Baluchestan province had the lowest mean of ASIR (1.59 per 100 000) in the period of the study. Conclusions: The incidence of prostate cancer displays an increase of more than 4 times at the end of the study period. However, the increase in coverage of data recording and greater access to diagnostic tests during these years are effective in the reported ASIRS, but the steep slope in the incidence trend of prostate cancer compared to other cancers in Iran shows its capacity to become one of the health problems that underscore the necessity of implementation of control and prevention programs, especially in high-incidence provinces.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elahe Parnian, Ali Aboutorabi, Mohammad Mohseni, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani
Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among Iranian women with more than 10 000 cases per year. Objectives: This study aimed at determining out-of-pocket (OOP) payments among women with breast cancer at health care centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional and applied study was done among 336 women with breast cancer referring to hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data on inpatient expenses were obtained from the cost bills and the outpatient was collected, using a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed, using SPSS V2 software. Results: The average monthly OOP payment for direct hospitalization costs in inpatient breast cancer patients was estimated 146 ± 47.98 dollars and the average OOP payment for direct costs of treatment in outpatients was 69 ± 102.99 dollars, and the average OOP payment for non-medical direct cost per month 34.88 ± 31.12 dollars. The results of this study showed the average OOP payment included drug costs with the rate of 37.99 ± 45.31 dollars imposed the highest medical direct costs. Among the non-medical direct costs of OOP payment for transportation, the average of 30.65 ± 103.23 dollars imposed the highest OOP payment on breast cancer patients. Conclusions: These findings show that individuals with breast cancer endure high OOP payments that could adversely affect their quality of life; hence, decision-makers should pay more attention to implementing proper policies.
{"title":"Estimating Out-of-Pocket Payments Among Iranian Women with Breast Cancer","authors":"Elahe Parnian, Ali Aboutorabi, Mohammad Mohseni, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-138240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-138240","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among Iranian women with more than 10 000 cases per year. Objectives: This study aimed at determining out-of-pocket (OOP) payments among women with breast cancer at health care centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional and applied study was done among 336 women with breast cancer referring to hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data on inpatient expenses were obtained from the cost bills and the outpatient was collected, using a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed, using SPSS V2 software. Results: The average monthly OOP payment for direct hospitalization costs in inpatient breast cancer patients was estimated 146 ± 47.98 dollars and the average OOP payment for direct costs of treatment in outpatients was 69 ± 102.99 dollars, and the average OOP payment for non-medical direct cost per month 34.88 ± 31.12 dollars. The results of this study showed the average OOP payment included drug costs with the rate of 37.99 ± 45.31 dollars imposed the highest medical direct costs. Among the non-medical direct costs of OOP payment for transportation, the average of 30.65 ± 103.23 dollars imposed the highest OOP payment on breast cancer patients. Conclusions: These findings show that individuals with breast cancer endure high OOP payments that could adversely affect their quality of life; hence, decision-makers should pay more attention to implementing proper policies.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham Khanniri, S. Esmaeili, M. Akbari, E. Molaee-aghaee, Sara Sohrabvandi, Nader Akbari, P. Sadighara, Ramin Aslani
Background: Several contaminants such as trace elements can pollute drinking water sources with subsequent toxic effects on humans. These compounds may also accumulate in target organs and result in carcinogenic reactions. Objectives: The concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), copper (1), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Cd), tin (2), antimony (Sb), chromium (3), and mercury (Hg) were aimed to determine in the drinking water of Tehran, Iran and to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. Methods: A total of 66 tap water samples were collected from 22 regions of Tehran and their heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were calculated, using hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), respectively. Results: The findings revealed that the mean concentrations of measured elements were lower than the maximum permissible limits established by Iranian National Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO). HQ was less than 1 for all metals except Cr and ILCR was higher than 1× 10-4 for Cr and Cd, which may cause human health risk. Conclusions: No carcinogenic effects were posed by heavy metals contamination in the drinking water of Tehran; however, the content of Cr and Cd may cause human health risks because of the high daily intake of tap water throughout the lifetime and the tendency of these metals to accumulate in the human body organs. Therefore, implementing ongoing programs to monitor heavy metals in municipal drinking water and applying appropriate corrective actions to prevent the transfer of these pollutants to drinking water is crucial.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals in Municipal Water Network of Tehran, Iran: A Health Risk Assessment with a Focus on Carcinogenicity","authors":"Elham Khanniri, S. Esmaeili, M. Akbari, E. Molaee-aghaee, Sara Sohrabvandi, Nader Akbari, P. Sadighara, Ramin Aslani","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-137240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-137240","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several contaminants such as trace elements can pollute drinking water sources with subsequent toxic effects on humans. These compounds may also accumulate in target organs and result in carcinogenic reactions. Objectives: The concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), copper (1), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Cd), tin (2), antimony (Sb), chromium (3), and mercury (Hg) were aimed to determine in the drinking water of Tehran, Iran and to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. Methods: A total of 66 tap water samples were collected from 22 regions of Tehran and their heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were calculated, using hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), respectively. Results: The findings revealed that the mean concentrations of measured elements were lower than the maximum permissible limits established by Iranian National Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO). HQ was less than 1 for all metals except Cr and ILCR was higher than 1× 10-4 for Cr and Cd, which may cause human health risk. Conclusions: No carcinogenic effects were posed by heavy metals contamination in the drinking water of Tehran; however, the content of Cr and Cd may cause human health risks because of the high daily intake of tap water throughout the lifetime and the tendency of these metals to accumulate in the human body organs. Therefore, implementing ongoing programs to monitor heavy metals in municipal drinking water and applying appropriate corrective actions to prevent the transfer of these pollutants to drinking water is crucial.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Differentiating types of brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive element is essential. Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the difference in the first-order histogram (FOH) features obtained from apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) between glioblastoma (GBM) tumors with or without oligodendroglial (ODG) components. Methods: MRIs were taken before surgical resection of the brain tumors. The brain lesions were analyzed and ADC maps were plotted to calculate FOH. Brain lesions were surgically removed, diagnosed using pathological methods, and categorized as GBM with an ODG (GBM-ODG) or without ODG. A comparison of ADC values was performed between GBM-ODG and GBM. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off sensitivity and specificity values. Results: In the GBM group, 26 patients were included; 20 cases were male and 6 were female; the mean ± SD of age was 54.1 ± 1.2 and 55.2 ± 1.6 years, respectively. In the GBM-ODG group, 31 patients were included; 22 cases were male and 9 cases were female; the mean ± SD of 52.1 ± 0.8 and 55.3 ± 1.5 years, respectively. The results of peritumoral edema had several significant FOHs. In the MRIs of tumor and T1W groups, the third moment and minimum-ADC had significant results, respectively. Cut-off values of the FOHs were statistically significant outcomes in the peritumoral edema region when compared between GBM-ODG and GBM categories: Median > 1.3516, normal mean > 0.6671, third moment ≤ -0.0001, 25 percentile > 0.5929, 75 percentile > 0.7336, and 95 percentile > 0.8542. The highest sensitivity and specificity values for these FOHs were higher than 80% and sometimes near 99.9%. Conclusions: The results showed that ADC values from peritumoral edema regions differ between these two types of tumors. Then, an MRI from the edematous areas is suggested when evaluating the patient's status and deciding to make interventions.
{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Statistics in Differentiating the Glioblastoma Tumors with an Oligodendroglioma and Glioblastomas Without Such Moiety","authors":"Mersad Mehrnahad, Morteza Sanei Taheri, Farnaz Kimia, H. Saligheh Rad, Robabeh Ghodssi GhassemAbadi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-119301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-119301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Differentiating types of brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive element is essential. Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the difference in the first-order histogram (FOH) features obtained from apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) between glioblastoma (GBM) tumors with or without oligodendroglial (ODG) components. Methods: MRIs were taken before surgical resection of the brain tumors. The brain lesions were analyzed and ADC maps were plotted to calculate FOH. Brain lesions were surgically removed, diagnosed using pathological methods, and categorized as GBM with an ODG (GBM-ODG) or without ODG. A comparison of ADC values was performed between GBM-ODG and GBM. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off sensitivity and specificity values. Results: In the GBM group, 26 patients were included; 20 cases were male and 6 were female; the mean ± SD of age was 54.1 ± 1.2 and 55.2 ± 1.6 years, respectively. In the GBM-ODG group, 31 patients were included; 22 cases were male and 9 cases were female; the mean ± SD of 52.1 ± 0.8 and 55.3 ± 1.5 years, respectively. The results of peritumoral edema had several significant FOHs. In the MRIs of tumor and T1W groups, the third moment and minimum-ADC had significant results, respectively. Cut-off values of the FOHs were statistically significant outcomes in the peritumoral edema region when compared between GBM-ODG and GBM categories: Median > 1.3516, normal mean > 0.6671, third moment ≤ -0.0001, 25 percentile > 0.5929, 75 percentile > 0.7336, and 95 percentile > 0.8542. The highest sensitivity and specificity values for these FOHs were higher than 80% and sometimes near 99.9%. Conclusions: The results showed that ADC values from peritumoral edema regions differ between these two types of tumors. Then, an MRI from the edematous areas is suggested when evaluating the patient's status and deciding to make interventions.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder, which tends to occur in childbearing women. Although IGM has a benign nature, it can mimic a vast spectrum of diseases and may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma. Also, the patients usually experience a prolonged course of the disease, which is distressing. But, the clinicopathological of IGM is nonspecific and not clear enough. Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the clinicopathological aspects of IGM. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran on patients between 20 to 50 years old, preliminary diagnosed with IGM from 2010 to 2019. Then, the demographic, clinical, ultrasound, and histopathologic features of patients enrolled were evaluated. Results: A total number of 60 women aged 20 to 50 years old and initially diagnosed with IGM were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 34.5 ± 6.73. Among all participants, 38.3% of patients had a family history of breast cancer. The most common location of the lesion was the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) with the predominance of the left side (36.6%). They were more likely to present with pain, erythema, swelling, and warmth (51.6%) of the breast followed by palpable mass (38.3%). With ultrasound assessment, the results were matched with a tubular hypoechoic mass in 43.3% of the patients, while the remainder showed a tumor-like lesion (21.6%) and abscess formation (15%). Histologically, non-caseating granulomas associated with mixed inflammatory cells (70%) and cystic space formations surrounded by neutrophil aggregations (15%) composed the dominant features. Conclusions: Despite the rarity of the disease, IGM is a diagnostic challenge as it can masquerade various breast conditions. A definite diagnosis needs collaboration of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.
{"title":"Clinicopathological Evaluation of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Retrospective Analysis of Sixty Women at Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital from 2010 to 2019","authors":"Azadeh Rakhshan, Atieh Akbari, Mahsa Ahadi, Hanieh Zham, Afshin Moradi, Kimia Karimi Toudeshki, Soroor Bashiri","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-139543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-139543","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder, which tends to occur in childbearing women. Although IGM has a benign nature, it can mimic a vast spectrum of diseases and may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma. Also, the patients usually experience a prolonged course of the disease, which is distressing. But, the clinicopathological of IGM is nonspecific and not clear enough. Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the clinicopathological aspects of IGM. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran on patients between 20 to 50 years old, preliminary diagnosed with IGM from 2010 to 2019. Then, the demographic, clinical, ultrasound, and histopathologic features of patients enrolled were evaluated. Results: A total number of 60 women aged 20 to 50 years old and initially diagnosed with IGM were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 34.5 ± 6.73. Among all participants, 38.3% of patients had a family history of breast cancer. The most common location of the lesion was the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) with the predominance of the left side (36.6%). They were more likely to present with pain, erythema, swelling, and warmth (51.6%) of the breast followed by palpable mass (38.3%). With ultrasound assessment, the results were matched with a tubular hypoechoic mass in 43.3% of the patients, while the remainder showed a tumor-like lesion (21.6%) and abscess formation (15%). Histologically, non-caseating granulomas associated with mixed inflammatory cells (70%) and cystic space formations surrounded by neutrophil aggregations (15%) composed the dominant features. Conclusions: Despite the rarity of the disease, IGM is a diagnostic challenge as it can masquerade various breast conditions. A definite diagnosis needs collaboration of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahsa Ahadi, Shirin Ziafat, Sara Zahedifard, Hussein Soleimantabar
Introduction: The gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET) is a rare mesenchymal tumor mainly arising in the gastrointestinal tract. Case Presentation: Herein, we describe a case of GNET that had been previously diagnosed as metastatic primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) to the lung and liver and received 30 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The physical exam showed a palpable mass in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The tumor mass was composed of diffuse sheets of epithelioid tumor cells, in which osteoclast-like giant cells scattered unevenly. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for SOX10, CD99, and CD56, patchy positive for pan-CK, and negative for desmin, HMB-45, Melan-A, and chromogranin. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies that reported a secondary GNET following chemotherapy, we assume that the chemotherapy might trigger the tumorigenesis of GNET in this case.
{"title":"Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Mahsa Ahadi, Shirin Ziafat, Sara Zahedifard, Hussein Soleimantabar","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-135231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-135231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET) is a rare mesenchymal tumor mainly arising in the gastrointestinal tract. Case Presentation: Herein, we describe a case of GNET that had been previously diagnosed as metastatic primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) to the lung and liver and received 30 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The physical exam showed a palpable mass in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The tumor mass was composed of diffuse sheets of epithelioid tumor cells, in which osteoclast-like giant cells scattered unevenly. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for SOX10, CD99, and CD56, patchy positive for pan-CK, and negative for desmin, HMB-45, Melan-A, and chromogranin. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies that reported a secondary GNET following chemotherapy, we assume that the chemotherapy might trigger the tumorigenesis of GNET in this case.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) is a non-neoplastic cardiac tumor, frequently presenting as a a mass with variable sizes. Scare cases of this phenomenon have been reported so far, so its natural history and therapeutic options are still unclear. In fact, CAT diagnosing relies on pathological findings where a definite diagnosis is not reachable until the mass is removed. So, CAT is a retrospectively diagnosed following surgical intervention. Case Presentation Case Presentation: A 72-year-old man was referred for evaluation due to complaints of dyspnea. Initial coronary examinations yielded normal findings. In echocardiography, a 56 × 34 mm mass was seen in the posterior left ventricle wall, along with severe mitral stenosis and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. The patient subsequently underwent cardiac surgery, during which the mass was completely removed through the left atrium and mitral valve. Then the patient underwent biological heart valve replacement. Post-surgery echocardiography demonstrated the absence of any residual mass, and no complications were reported during the six months follow-up period. Conclusions: The symptoms and complications of CAT during imaging manifest as a calcified mass. Due to the diagnostic reliance on pathological evidence, surgical treatment is the preferred option for excluding any malignancy and resolve and prevent further complications. Follow-up with echocardiography is advised for monitoring.
{"title":"A Giant Calcified Amorphous Tumor in the Left Ventricle Presentingwith Dyspnea","authors":"Ramin Baghaei Tehrani, Zahra Ansari Aval, Hamid Ghaderi, Seyedeh Adeleh Mirjafari","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-136005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-136005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) is a non-neoplastic cardiac tumor, frequently presenting as a a mass with variable sizes. Scare cases of this phenomenon have been reported so far, so its natural history and therapeutic options are still unclear. In fact, CAT diagnosing relies on pathological findings where a definite diagnosis is not reachable until the mass is removed. So, CAT is a retrospectively diagnosed following surgical intervention. Case Presentation Case Presentation: A 72-year-old man was referred for evaluation due to complaints of dyspnea. Initial coronary examinations yielded normal findings. In echocardiography, a 56 × 34 mm mass was seen in the posterior left ventricle wall, along with severe mitral stenosis and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. The patient subsequently underwent cardiac surgery, during which the mass was completely removed through the left atrium and mitral valve. Then the patient underwent biological heart valve replacement. Post-surgery echocardiography demonstrated the absence of any residual mass, and no complications were reported during the six months follow-up period. Conclusions: The symptoms and complications of CAT during imaging manifest as a calcified mass. Due to the diagnostic reliance on pathological evidence, surgical treatment is the preferred option for excluding any malignancy and resolve and prevent further complications. Follow-up with echocardiography is advised for monitoring.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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