Marziyeh Babazadeh, Mozhdeh Zamani, P. Mehrbod, P. Mokarram
Background: Aberrant activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC), which is a prevalent malignancy. Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway has gained a reputation as an attractive therapeutic strategy, mainly because of its potential for regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Objectives: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET), a complex of oleic acid with bovine α-lactalbumin protein, on colon cancer cells focusing on the Wnt signaling pathway. Methods: For this purpose, HT-29 and HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU and BAMLET, and the expression levels of Wnt signaling-related proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin) and VEGF as angiogenesis regulators were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Results: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET) treatment down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin significantly compared to the 5-FU (P < 0.0001). The reduced mRNA levels of VEGF in treated cells revealed the effectiveness of 5-FU and BAMLET on angiogenesis. Conclusions: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET) can be considered for targeting the Wnt signaling pathway and angiogenesis. It is amenable to further investigation in the development of CRC treatment.
{"title":"The Comparative Role of BAMLET and 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting WNT/& Beta; -Catenin Pathway","authors":"Marziyeh Babazadeh, Mozhdeh Zamani, P. Mehrbod, P. Mokarram","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-123140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-123140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aberrant activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC), which is a prevalent malignancy. Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway has gained a reputation as an attractive therapeutic strategy, mainly because of its potential for regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Objectives: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET), a complex of oleic acid with bovine α-lactalbumin protein, on colon cancer cells focusing on the Wnt signaling pathway. Methods: For this purpose, HT-29 and HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU and BAMLET, and the expression levels of Wnt signaling-related proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin) and VEGF as angiogenesis regulators were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Results: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET) treatment down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin significantly compared to the 5-FU (P < 0.0001). The reduced mRNA levels of VEGF in treated cells revealed the effectiveness of 5-FU and BAMLET on angiogenesis. Conclusions: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET) can be considered for targeting the Wnt signaling pathway and angiogenesis. It is amenable to further investigation in the development of CRC treatment.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79779903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Oncolytic virotherapy can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in oncology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oncolytic activity of the mumps virus RS-12 strain after its adaptation to cancer cells via serial passaging. Methods: To adapt the RS-12 strain-based vaccine to cancer cells, it was passaged eight times in the HT1080 cell line and was isolated via two terminal endpoint dilutions. The genetic homogeneity of isolated cancer cell-adapted RS-12 variant was confirmed by direct sequencing of regions, encompassing four known heterogeneous genomic positions. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of viruses was assessed in two different cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the cancer cell-adapted variant and its parental virus on cancer cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: According to the chromatograms, the RS-12 strain vaccine seed exhibited two peaks at the genomic nucleotide positions 1591, 2417, 3774, and 12977. On the contrary, cancer cell-adapted RS-12, isolated by terminal endpoint serial dilutions, contained no viral subpopulations in these positions. A significant improvement was observed in the oncolytic potency of our cancer cell-adapted variant compared to its parental virus vaccine seed in vitro. Besides, the variant efficiently induced apoptosis in the human fibrosarcoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusions: Considering the increased oncolytic potency and apoptosis-inducing capacity of this variant in cancer cells, it can be a promising option for future experiments.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of a Discrete Genetically Homogeneous Viral Subpopulation of Mumps Virus RS-12 Strain with Superior Oncolytic Potency Compared to Its Progenitor Virus","authors":"B. Alirezaie, A. Foroughi, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-122781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-122781","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oncolytic virotherapy can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in oncology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oncolytic activity of the mumps virus RS-12 strain after its adaptation to cancer cells via serial passaging. Methods: To adapt the RS-12 strain-based vaccine to cancer cells, it was passaged eight times in the HT1080 cell line and was isolated via two terminal endpoint dilutions. The genetic homogeneity of isolated cancer cell-adapted RS-12 variant was confirmed by direct sequencing of regions, encompassing four known heterogeneous genomic positions. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of viruses was assessed in two different cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the cancer cell-adapted variant and its parental virus on cancer cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: According to the chromatograms, the RS-12 strain vaccine seed exhibited two peaks at the genomic nucleotide positions 1591, 2417, 3774, and 12977. On the contrary, cancer cell-adapted RS-12, isolated by terminal endpoint serial dilutions, contained no viral subpopulations in these positions. A significant improvement was observed in the oncolytic potency of our cancer cell-adapted variant compared to its parental virus vaccine seed in vitro. Besides, the variant efficiently induced apoptosis in the human fibrosarcoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusions: Considering the increased oncolytic potency and apoptosis-inducing capacity of this variant in cancer cells, it can be a promising option for future experiments.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher P. Chung, A. Nademanee, Grace Wakabayashi, M. Sadeghi
Introduction: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can occur after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and can affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, and vulvovaginal areas. Case Presentation: This case report described a 65-year-old multiparous patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent a matched unrelated donor transplant approximately 3 years before her surgery. After her BMT she developed GVHD. She underwent anterior and posterior repair and uterosacral ligament suspension for stage III post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Her postoperative course was complicated by mental status changes, abnormal liver function tests, and increasing abdominal distention. All her post-operative symptoms were resolved with conservative management. Conclusions: This case presentation highlights the potential atypical post-operative course of BMT patients with GVHD. The management of patients with GVHD relies heavily on the early involvement of hematologists.
{"title":"Graft-Versus-Host Disease Associated Post-operative Complications After Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery: A Case Report","authors":"Christopher P. Chung, A. Nademanee, Grace Wakabayashi, M. Sadeghi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-11594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-11594","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can occur after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and can affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, and vulvovaginal areas. Case Presentation: This case report described a 65-year-old multiparous patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent a matched unrelated donor transplant approximately 3 years before her surgery. After her BMT she developed GVHD. She underwent anterior and posterior repair and uterosacral ligament suspension for stage III post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Her postoperative course was complicated by mental status changes, abnormal liver function tests, and increasing abdominal distention. All her post-operative symptoms were resolved with conservative management. Conclusions: This case presentation highlights the potential atypical post-operative course of BMT patients with GVHD. The management of patients with GVHD relies heavily on the early involvement of hematologists.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84250907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehrnoush Azadeh Jouneghani, F. Keshavarzi, Nahid Haghnazari, S. Amini, Z. Hooshmandi
Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein regulates cell growth, motility, and morphogenesis in a variety of cells and tissues by binding to the HGF receptor. The rs5745687 SNPs in the introns of the HGF gene could affect the splicing and expression of HGF mRNA. Objectives: In this study, the genotype frequency of rs5745687 in breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC) (positive helicobacter) patients has been investigated and compared with the healthy controls in the Isfahan population. Methods: Firstly, initial bioinformatics studies were done. Then, according to the results, bioinformatics High-Resolution Melt (HRM) and Real-Time PCR were recruited to determine genotypes rs5745678 for 432 participants in the case-control analysis (84 GC with 126 healthy control samples, as well as 111 BC cases with 111 normal controls). The conditional logistic regression model was used to measure odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to produce these cancers based on genotype frequency. Results: The homozygote genotype of the mutant (G) allele of rs5745678 has a significant association with the lower risk of gastric cancer (P-value < 0.0001) and this allele can increase the risk of GC in a co-dominant model (OR: 5.541, P-value < 0.0001). Also, the rs5745678 SNP had a significant association with the clinicopathological features (age, smoking, H. Pylori infection) in GC patients. Conclusions: The presence of a single G allele in rs5745678 heterozygote (AG/AA) and co-dominant (AG/AA+GG) models could significantly impact GC pathogenicity in different ways. There was no significant correlation between the rs5745678 polymorphism and BC (P-value: 0.671) in the studied sample size.
{"title":"The Association of rs5745687 Polymorphism Located at HGF Gene with Risk of Gastric and Breast Cancer in the Helicobacter Positive Patients of Isfahan Population","authors":"Mehrnoush Azadeh Jouneghani, F. Keshavarzi, Nahid Haghnazari, S. Amini, Z. Hooshmandi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-118832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-118832","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein regulates cell growth, motility, and morphogenesis in a variety of cells and tissues by binding to the HGF receptor. The rs5745687 SNPs in the introns of the HGF gene could affect the splicing and expression of HGF mRNA. Objectives: In this study, the genotype frequency of rs5745687 in breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC) (positive helicobacter) patients has been investigated and compared with the healthy controls in the Isfahan population. Methods: Firstly, initial bioinformatics studies were done. Then, according to the results, bioinformatics High-Resolution Melt (HRM) and Real-Time PCR were recruited to determine genotypes rs5745678 for 432 participants in the case-control analysis (84 GC with 126 healthy control samples, as well as 111 BC cases with 111 normal controls). The conditional logistic regression model was used to measure odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to produce these cancers based on genotype frequency. Results: The homozygote genotype of the mutant (G) allele of rs5745678 has a significant association with the lower risk of gastric cancer (P-value < 0.0001) and this allele can increase the risk of GC in a co-dominant model (OR: 5.541, P-value < 0.0001). Also, the rs5745678 SNP had a significant association with the clinicopathological features (age, smoking, H. Pylori infection) in GC patients. Conclusions: The presence of a single G allele in rs5745678 heterozygote (AG/AA) and co-dominant (AG/AA+GG) models could significantly impact GC pathogenicity in different ways. There was no significant correlation between the rs5745678 polymorphism and BC (P-value: 0.671) in the studied sample size.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"33 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86758583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The rate of childhood cancer death has dropped steadily over the past 50 years. The pediatric cancer risk has remained under investigation. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the associated factors with the survival of pediatric patients with retinoblastoma, sarcoma, brain tumor, and leukemia cancer. Methods: The cohort study of 1879 children with retinoblastoma, sarcoma, brain tumor, and leukemia aged < 1, 1 - 5, 6 - 10, 11 - 15, and > 15 years in Mahak Hospital and Rehabilitation Complex from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled in the study. Median survival time was reported for each cancer. Parametric survival models including Gompertz, Weibull, lognormal, and log‑logistic models were fitted. Then, the model with almost minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) was chosen. The hazard ratio (HR) and the analysis were performed by R3.5.1. Results: Totally, 270 (14.37%) patients with Retinoblastoma, 667 (35.5%) with leukemia, 625 (33.26%) with a Brain tumor, and 317 (16.87%) with Sarcoma were included in this study; 815 (43.37%) patients were female. Gompertz's model was chosen to fit the data due to the minimum AIC. The associated factors with the survival of childhood cancers were as follows: age < 1 year, parental relation, loco-regional relapse and chemotherapy alone (HR: 7.63, 1.56, 4.61, 1.12) in leukemia, other nationalities, metastasis or metastasis and loco-regional relapse and chemotherapy alone (HR = 3.74, 5.75, 2.12) in retinoblastoma, loco-regional relapse and metastasis (HR = 2.40, 3.71) in brain tumor, other ages except for 5 - 10 years, parental relation, chemotherapy alone, and metastasis (HR = 33.3, 1.80, 3.57, 3.8) in sarcoma. Conclusions: Age, parental familial relationships, combination therapy, and metastasis of primary cancer were the risk factors for survival of children with 4 common cancers of leukemia, retinoblastoma, brain tumors, and sarcoma, using the Gompertz model.
{"title":"Parametric Models for Survival Analysis of Childhood Cancer Patients' Data","authors":"Aliasghar Keramatinia, Maryam Mohseny, Esmat Davoudi Monfared, Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-Baharanchi, Fateme Shahabi, Nilofar Safavi Naeini, Sima Kianpour Rad, Mojgan Sheikhpour, Seyed Ehsan Beladian- Behbhan, Ayad Bahadorimonfared, Mandana Aphsharpad, A. Movafagh","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-127430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-127430","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rate of childhood cancer death has dropped steadily over the past 50 years. The pediatric cancer risk has remained under investigation. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the associated factors with the survival of pediatric patients with retinoblastoma, sarcoma, brain tumor, and leukemia cancer. Methods: The cohort study of 1879 children with retinoblastoma, sarcoma, brain tumor, and leukemia aged < 1, 1 - 5, 6 - 10, 11 - 15, and > 15 years in Mahak Hospital and Rehabilitation Complex from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled in the study. Median survival time was reported for each cancer. Parametric survival models including Gompertz, Weibull, lognormal, and log‑logistic models were fitted. Then, the model with almost minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) was chosen. The hazard ratio (HR) and the analysis were performed by R3.5.1. Results: Totally, 270 (14.37%) patients with Retinoblastoma, 667 (35.5%) with leukemia, 625 (33.26%) with a Brain tumor, and 317 (16.87%) with Sarcoma were included in this study; 815 (43.37%) patients were female. Gompertz's model was chosen to fit the data due to the minimum AIC. The associated factors with the survival of childhood cancers were as follows: age < 1 year, parental relation, loco-regional relapse and chemotherapy alone (HR: 7.63, 1.56, 4.61, 1.12) in leukemia, other nationalities, metastasis or metastasis and loco-regional relapse and chemotherapy alone (HR = 3.74, 5.75, 2.12) in retinoblastoma, loco-regional relapse and metastasis (HR = 2.40, 3.71) in brain tumor, other ages except for 5 - 10 years, parental relation, chemotherapy alone, and metastasis (HR = 33.3, 1.80, 3.57, 3.8) in sarcoma. Conclusions: Age, parental familial relationships, combination therapy, and metastasis of primary cancer were the risk factors for survival of children with 4 common cancers of leukemia, retinoblastoma, brain tumors, and sarcoma, using the Gompertz model.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75001266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Mehdizadeh, M. Gharib, A. Jafarian, M. Afzalaghaee, F. Homaee Shandiz, Amirhosein Irajpour
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is known as the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system, suggested to be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome (LS). Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen for LS in patients with EC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the patients with EC, referred to Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2015 - 2019, were enrolled. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were then examined via IHC for the expression of four mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. The demographic and tumor-related data were also extracted from medical records and pathology reports. The data were consequently analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 100 patients with EC were evaluated using IHC, and 12 (12%) cases were found suspected. As well, no significant relationship was observed between LS and age, tumor site, tumor histology, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and a family/personal history of malignancies. Conclusions: The prevalence of LS based on the IHC expression of the MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was 12% in the patients with EC. There was also no significant relationship between the cases suspected and the demographic and tumor-related data.
{"title":"Prevalence of DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry","authors":"B. Mehdizadeh, M. Gharib, A. Jafarian, M. Afzalaghaee, F. Homaee Shandiz, Amirhosein Irajpour","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-119065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-119065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is known as the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system, suggested to be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome (LS). Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen for LS in patients with EC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the patients with EC, referred to Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2015 - 2019, were enrolled. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were then examined via IHC for the expression of four mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. The demographic and tumor-related data were also extracted from medical records and pathology reports. The data were consequently analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 100 patients with EC were evaluated using IHC, and 12 (12%) cases were found suspected. As well, no significant relationship was observed between LS and age, tumor site, tumor histology, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and a family/personal history of malignancies. Conclusions: The prevalence of LS based on the IHC expression of the MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was 12% in the patients with EC. There was also no significant relationship between the cases suspected and the demographic and tumor-related data.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81488471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a general term that includes several types of pathologically different diseases, which range from hydatidiform mole to choriocarcinoma. Early differentiation of these types is important to determine treatment strategy and prognosis. Objectives: Genetic markers such as TP53 and HER-2/neu expression are recently shown to have diagnostic and prognostic values. The aim of this study was to evaluate its significance. Methods: We enrolled 62 patients diagnosed with GTD referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2012 and 2017. Endometrial pathologic specimens were stained, using the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for the expression of TP53 and HER-2/neu genes. Expression levels determined by IHC were compared between final pathologic diagnoses, using one-way ANOVA test (analysis of variances), which detects significant differences between the means of 3 or more independent groups. Results: Out of 62 participants, 32 and 24 cases were diagnosed as partial and complete hydatidiform mole, respectively. Four cases had invasive hydatidiform mole and only 2 cases were diagnosed as choriocarcinoma. Analysis using ANOVA demonstrated that expression levels of both TP53 and HER-2/neu genes are significantly higher among patients with invasive form and choriocarcinoma compared with non-invasive hydatidiform mole (P < 0.05 for both genes). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each gene showed that more than 55% positive staining for the TP53 gene can differentiate non-invasive hydatidiform mole from invasive form and choriocarcinoma with 100% sensitivity, and 92.9% specificity. Conclusions: TP53 expression might serve as a potential diagnostic aid to differentiate benign and malignant GTDs and a future target for adjusting treatment based on the expression levels.
{"title":"Evaluation of TP53 and HER-2/neu Genes Expression Levels in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases Cases and Determining Their Predictive Value in Diagnosis of Malignancy and Disease Progression","authors":"Fatemeh Hadi, N. Kazemi, M. Hosseini, A. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-119264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-119264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a general term that includes several types of pathologically different diseases, which range from hydatidiform mole to choriocarcinoma. Early differentiation of these types is important to determine treatment strategy and prognosis. Objectives: Genetic markers such as TP53 and HER-2/neu expression are recently shown to have diagnostic and prognostic values. The aim of this study was to evaluate its significance. Methods: We enrolled 62 patients diagnosed with GTD referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2012 and 2017. Endometrial pathologic specimens were stained, using the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for the expression of TP53 and HER-2/neu genes. Expression levels determined by IHC were compared between final pathologic diagnoses, using one-way ANOVA test (analysis of variances), which detects significant differences between the means of 3 or more independent groups. Results: Out of 62 participants, 32 and 24 cases were diagnosed as partial and complete hydatidiform mole, respectively. Four cases had invasive hydatidiform mole and only 2 cases were diagnosed as choriocarcinoma. Analysis using ANOVA demonstrated that expression levels of both TP53 and HER-2/neu genes are significantly higher among patients with invasive form and choriocarcinoma compared with non-invasive hydatidiform mole (P < 0.05 for both genes). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each gene showed that more than 55% positive staining for the TP53 gene can differentiate non-invasive hydatidiform mole from invasive form and choriocarcinoma with 100% sensitivity, and 92.9% specificity. Conclusions: TP53 expression might serve as a potential diagnostic aid to differentiate benign and malignant GTDs and a future target for adjusting treatment based on the expression levels.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87299397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marzieh Neykhonji, Shima Nazem, H. Ghaedi, A. Mirzaei, Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki, Z. Shahsavari
Background: Among the primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma accounts for a malignant tumor with a high rate of progression and poor prognosis. Despite the achievement of combined therapy regimens in improving patients’ overall survival, patients with osteosarcoma confront the chemoresistance obstacle. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the expression pattern of autophagy and necroptosis pathways mediators in osteosarcoma tumors. Methods: The expression level of autophagy main mediators such as autophagy-associated protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin 1 (BECN1), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), necroptosis biomarkers such as receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1 and RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were evaluated in 80 bone tissues including 60 bone tumors (40 malignant tumors and 20 benign tumors) and 20 margin tissues, using real-time PCR. The correlations of gene expression levels with the patient’s clinical and pathological features were considered. Results: Based on our data, ATG5, BECN1 and LC3 expression were down-regulated in osteosarcoma tumors compared to margin tissues. Also, malignant osteosarcoma tumors showed a significant decrease in the expression level of RIPK1 and MLKL as necroptosis regulators, which revealed a correlation with tumor malignancy. In addition, the higher expression levels of BECN1, LC3, RIPK1, and MLKL were observed in tumor tissues of patients under the chemotherapy regimen, indicating the relevance of autophagy and necroptosis pathways with the patient’s response to therapy. Conclusions: Reduction in the expression level of autophagy and necroptosis mediators in high-grade osteosarcoma tumors indicates the possible impact of these pathways on the rate of proliferation and growth of osteosarcoma tumor cells and can emphasize the importance of cell death alternative pathways for treatment when apoptosis machinery is mutated and cause chemoresistance.
{"title":"The Expression Pattern of Non-apoptotic Cell Death Pathway in Osteosarcoma: Necroptosis and Autophagy as Backup Mechanisms for Therapeutics Strategy","authors":"Marzieh Neykhonji, Shima Nazem, H. Ghaedi, A. Mirzaei, Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki, Z. Shahsavari","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-117962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-117962","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma accounts for a malignant tumor with a high rate of progression and poor prognosis. Despite the achievement of combined therapy regimens in improving patients’ overall survival, patients with osteosarcoma confront the chemoresistance obstacle. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the expression pattern of autophagy and necroptosis pathways mediators in osteosarcoma tumors. Methods: The expression level of autophagy main mediators such as autophagy-associated protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin 1 (BECN1), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), necroptosis biomarkers such as receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1 and RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were evaluated in 80 bone tissues including 60 bone tumors (40 malignant tumors and 20 benign tumors) and 20 margin tissues, using real-time PCR. The correlations of gene expression levels with the patient’s clinical and pathological features were considered. Results: Based on our data, ATG5, BECN1 and LC3 expression were down-regulated in osteosarcoma tumors compared to margin tissues. Also, malignant osteosarcoma tumors showed a significant decrease in the expression level of RIPK1 and MLKL as necroptosis regulators, which revealed a correlation with tumor malignancy. In addition, the higher expression levels of BECN1, LC3, RIPK1, and MLKL were observed in tumor tissues of patients under the chemotherapy regimen, indicating the relevance of autophagy and necroptosis pathways with the patient’s response to therapy. Conclusions: Reduction in the expression level of autophagy and necroptosis mediators in high-grade osteosarcoma tumors indicates the possible impact of these pathways on the rate of proliferation and growth of osteosarcoma tumor cells and can emphasize the importance of cell death alternative pathways for treatment when apoptosis machinery is mutated and cause chemoresistance.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Rezaei Gazaki, Mohsen Askari Shahi, R. Malboosbaf, S. Jambarsang
Background: In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. On the other hand, those with insulin resistance often have higher thyroid volume and a risk of developing thyroid nodules. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the global trend of thyroid cancer and its relationship with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Methods: The information in the present study is related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the incidence of thyroid cancer in all countries of the world, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease site during 1990 - 2019. In order to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the incidence of thyroid cancer, a longitudinal random effects regression model was used with both random effects of intercept and the slope of the regression line. Results: The results showed that the risk of developing thyroid cancer associated with diabetes was 0.00024 (95% CI 0.00023 - 0.00025), 24 persons per 100000. This significance level was also evaluated separately in men and women, so that the relative risk in men was estimated to be 0.00018 (95% CI 0.00017 - 0.00019) and in women equal to 0.00033 (95% CI 0.00031 - 0.00035). Conclusions: Findings showed that type 2 diabetes can be a risk factor for thyroid cancer. So that this effect can be considered on both men and women and is more intense in women than men.
背景:近年来，甲状腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势。另一方面，那些有胰岛素抵抗的人往往有更高的甲状腺体积和发展甲状腺结节的风险。目的:本研究的目的是调查甲状腺癌的全球趋势及其与2型糖尿病患病率的关系。方法:本研究的数据来源于1990 - 2019年全球疾病负担网站(Global Burden of Disease site)，与世界各国2型糖尿病患病率和甲状腺癌发病率相关。为了探讨2型糖尿病患病率与甲状腺癌发病率之间的关系，采用纵向随机效应回归模型，随机效应为截距和回归线斜率。结果:结果显示，患甲状腺癌合并糖尿病的风险为0.00024 (95% CI 0.00023 - 0.00025)，每10万人24人。该显著性水平在男性和女性中也分别进行了评估，因此男性的相对风险估计为0.00018 (95% CI 0.00017 - 0.00019)，女性的相对风险为0.00033 (95% CI 0.00031 - 0.00035)。结论:研究结果表明，2型糖尿病可能是甲状腺癌的危险因素。因此，这种影响对男性和女性都有影响，而且女性比男性更强烈。
{"title":"Investigation of the Global Trend of Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Its Relationship with the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: An Application of Longitudinal Random Effects Regression Model","authors":"Maryam Rezaei Gazaki, Mohsen Askari Shahi, R. Malboosbaf, S. Jambarsang","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-120720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-120720","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. On the other hand, those with insulin resistance often have higher thyroid volume and a risk of developing thyroid nodules. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the global trend of thyroid cancer and its relationship with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Methods: The information in the present study is related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the incidence of thyroid cancer in all countries of the world, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease site during 1990 - 2019. In order to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the incidence of thyroid cancer, a longitudinal random effects regression model was used with both random effects of intercept and the slope of the regression line. Results: The results showed that the risk of developing thyroid cancer associated with diabetes was 0.00024 (95% CI 0.00023 - 0.00025), 24 persons per 100000. This significance level was also evaluated separately in men and women, so that the relative risk in men was estimated to be 0.00018 (95% CI 0.00017 - 0.00019) and in women equal to 0.00033 (95% CI 0.00031 - 0.00035). Conclusions: Findings showed that type 2 diabetes can be a risk factor for thyroid cancer. So that this effect can be considered on both men and women and is more intense in women than men.","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"6 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76793347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pregnancy in Breast Cancer Survivors; Is It Safe?","authors":"A. Akbari, Mansoureh Baniasadi","doi":"10.5812/ijcm-128858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-128858","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":44764,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74410718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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