Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500803
F.S. Abouzakhar, T. Blackburn
When causes of any particular problem are addressed, the solutions are no longer difficult. Yet a lot of effort has been spent on querying minor issues of energy management and little has been done to resolve some major issues which relate to the social impacts of electrical energy. This paper addresses the need for a reevaluation of the accepted role of electrical energy. Electric power should not be seen as purely "matter become energy". Some public issues to do with electricity, such as the EM field problem, environmental impacts of generation, automation of the work place, and introduction of toxic materials, have been ignored or presented only as a minor issues. This paper surveys the literature on different aspects of the use of electrical energy in general and from specific social and cultural perspective's and argues the need for revising the accepted approach to determining electrical energy needs for the community.
{"title":"Cultural and social impacts on electrical energy use management","authors":"F.S. Abouzakhar, T. Blackburn","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500803","url":null,"abstract":"When causes of any particular problem are addressed, the solutions are no longer difficult. Yet a lot of effort has been spent on querying minor issues of energy management and little has been done to resolve some major issues which relate to the social impacts of electrical energy. This paper addresses the need for a reevaluation of the accepted role of electrical energy. Electric power should not be seen as purely \"matter become energy\". Some public issues to do with electricity, such as the EM field problem, environmental impacts of generation, automation of the work place, and introduction of toxic materials, have been ignored or presented only as a minor issues. This paper surveys the literature on different aspects of the use of electrical energy in general and from specific social and cultural perspective's and argues the need for revising the accepted approach to determining electrical energy needs for the community.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500738
L. Roy, T. A. Mohammed
This paper presents an assessment of the standard successive iterative scheme and strict successive iterative scheme as applied to the fast decoupled load flow, general-purpose version of the fast decoupled load flow, reverse Stott model and fast super decoupled load flow methods. The numerical investigations are carried out on the transmission and distribution systems. Digital simulation studies indicate that there is marginal advantage using the strict successive iterative scheme on the transmission systems. On the distribution systems, the strict successive iterative scheme performs much better. Networks which can not be solved using the standard successive iterative scheme can be solved using the strict successive iterative scheme. The convergence behavior in the case of the fast super decoupled load flow is dependent upon the rotation angle.
{"title":"Comparative study of two iterative schemes applied to decoupled load flow methods","authors":"L. Roy, T. A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500738","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an assessment of the standard successive iterative scheme and strict successive iterative scheme as applied to the fast decoupled load flow, general-purpose version of the fast decoupled load flow, reverse Stott model and fast super decoupled load flow methods. The numerical investigations are carried out on the transmission and distribution systems. Digital simulation studies indicate that there is marginal advantage using the strict successive iterative scheme on the transmission systems. On the distribution systems, the strict successive iterative scheme performs much better. Networks which can not be solved using the standard successive iterative scheme can be solved using the strict successive iterative scheme. The convergence behavior in the case of the fast super decoupled load flow is dependent upon the rotation angle.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124256446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500779
J. Whiteman
The objective of this paper is to identify best practice performance and to measure the technical efficiency of 85 developing country electricity systems. Technical efficiency is measured as the ratio of the gross output of electricity sectors to their output at best practice. Technical efficiency estimates are standardised for differences between systems in average consumption of electricity per customer, inefficiencies due to nonoptimal scale and input congestion. The resulting estimates of technical efficiency measure the scope for management initiated improvements in labour and capital productivity by forming benchmarking partnerships and emulating the best practices of other systems.
{"title":"The technical efficiency of developing country electricity systems","authors":"J. Whiteman","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500779","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to identify best practice performance and to measure the technical efficiency of 85 developing country electricity systems. Technical efficiency is measured as the ratio of the gross output of electricity sectors to their output at best practice. Technical efficiency estimates are standardised for differences between systems in average consumption of electricity per customer, inefficiencies due to nonoptimal scale and input congestion. The resulting estimates of technical efficiency measure the scope for management initiated improvements in labour and capital productivity by forming benchmarking partnerships and emulating the best practices of other systems.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114173464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500807
M.T. Chen, H. Chu, J. Lue
Harmonic distortion has always been a critical issue existing in an electrical power feeder of a utility or customer, and many harmonic administration standards have been defined. As far as these are concerned, the immediately measured harmonics are always used to judge whether a user is illegal in harmonic limits or not. However, harmonics are changeable with load condition and system structure, therefore, when the measured data is out of order, the illegal judgement may not be objective and it may be easy to resolve the dispute. So we must exclude those bad data, and statistical harmonic limits must be reasonable. In this paper, a bad data detecting technique is used to process the measured harmonic data, as well as a statistical harmonic limit standard being recommended by considering the periodic characteristics of harmonics. A developed microcomputer-based instrument system is also used to estimate the harmonic pollution of a high voltage feeder by the statistical harmonics limit standard and the bad data processing algorithms.
{"title":"Statistical standards and pollution estimation of harmonics in a power system","authors":"M.T. Chen, H. Chu, J. Lue","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500807","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic distortion has always been a critical issue existing in an electrical power feeder of a utility or customer, and many harmonic administration standards have been defined. As far as these are concerned, the immediately measured harmonics are always used to judge whether a user is illegal in harmonic limits or not. However, harmonics are changeable with load condition and system structure, therefore, when the measured data is out of order, the illegal judgement may not be objective and it may be easy to resolve the dispute. So we must exclude those bad data, and statistical harmonic limits must be reasonable. In this paper, a bad data detecting technique is used to process the measured harmonic data, as well as a statistical harmonic limit standard being recommended by considering the periodic characteristics of harmonics. A developed microcomputer-based instrument system is also used to estimate the harmonic pollution of a high voltage feeder by the statistical harmonics limit standard and the bad data processing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500792
Chao-Ming Huang, Hong-Tzer Yang
Multiple local minimum points often exist on the surface of forecasting error function of the time series models. Solutions of the traditional gradient search based identification technique, therefore, may stall at the local optimal points which lead to an inadequate model. By simulating natural evolutionary process, the evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm offers the capability of converging towards the global extremum of a complex error surface. The EP based load forecasting algorithm is developed to identify the autoregression moving average (ARMA) model for one week ahead hourly load demand forecasts. Numerical tests indicate the proposed EP approach provides a method to simultaneously estimate the appropriate order and parameter values of the ARMA model for diverse types of load data. Comparisons of forecasting errors are made to the traditional identification techniques used by SAS statistical commercial package.
{"title":"A time series approach to short term load forecasting through evolutionary programming structures","authors":"Chao-Ming Huang, Hong-Tzer Yang","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500792","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple local minimum points often exist on the surface of forecasting error function of the time series models. Solutions of the traditional gradient search based identification technique, therefore, may stall at the local optimal points which lead to an inadequate model. By simulating natural evolutionary process, the evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm offers the capability of converging towards the global extremum of a complex error surface. The EP based load forecasting algorithm is developed to identify the autoregression moving average (ARMA) model for one week ahead hourly load demand forecasts. Numerical tests indicate the proposed EP approach provides a method to simultaneously estimate the appropriate order and parameter values of the ARMA model for diverse types of load data. Comparisons of forecasting errors are made to the traditional identification techniques used by SAS statistical commercial package.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500789
P. Dash, H. P. Satpathy, S. Rahman
A fuzzy neural network based on the multilayer perceptron and capable of fuzzy classification of patterns is presented in this paper. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of unsupervised and supervised learning phases is used for training the network. In the supervised learning phase linear Kalman filter equations are used for tuning the weights and membership functions. Extensive tests have been performed on a two-year-utility data for generation of peak and average load profiles for 24- and 168-hours ahead time frames and results for winter and summer months are given to confirm the effectiveness of the new approach.
{"title":"Short term daily average and peak load predications using a hybrid intelligent approach","authors":"P. Dash, H. P. Satpathy, S. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500789","url":null,"abstract":"A fuzzy neural network based on the multilayer perceptron and capable of fuzzy classification of patterns is presented in this paper. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of unsupervised and supervised learning phases is used for training the network. In the supervised learning phase linear Kalman filter equations are used for tuning the weights and membership functions. Extensive tests have been performed on a two-year-utility data for generation of peak and average load profiles for 24- and 168-hours ahead time frames and results for winter and summer months are given to confirm the effectiveness of the new approach.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122521536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500813
A. Seppala
The electric utilities need data from customer loads for many purposes. Load research has been activity to collect load data, analyse it and further distribute the results for management and engineers in an electric utility. The Finnish load research project has developed customer class hourly load models for one year with average load values and standard deviation. In many cases in distribution planning or pricing applications the confidence intervals must be approximated for distinct customers or small groups of customers. The simple use of normal distribution will not give reliable estimations for confidence intervals of one customer. Therefore more information is needed from distributions of customer load profiles. The Finnish load research project has studied the disaggregated load distributions of different customer categories. In this report the study of distribution functions of customer load profiles is reported and some results explained. Also some background theory is reviewed.
{"title":"Statistical distribution of customer load profiles","authors":"A. Seppala","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500813","url":null,"abstract":"The electric utilities need data from customer loads for many purposes. Load research has been activity to collect load data, analyse it and further distribute the results for management and engineers in an electric utility. The Finnish load research project has developed customer class hourly load models for one year with average load values and standard deviation. In many cases in distribution planning or pricing applications the confidence intervals must be approximated for distinct customers or small groups of customers. The simple use of normal distribution will not give reliable estimations for confidence intervals of one customer. Therefore more information is needed from distributions of customer load profiles. The Finnish load research project has studied the disaggregated load distributions of different customer categories. In this report the study of distribution functions of customer load profiles is reported and some results explained. Also some background theory is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124930222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500804
P. Dahono, Qamaruzzaman
A new reduced order model of induction motors is proposed in this paper. Instead of neglecting the stator transients as in the case of standard reduced order model, the new model is derived by neglecting the transients in the leakage inductances. It is found that the new model produces better results than the standard reduced order model and, in some cases, the results are almost the same as that of the full order model.
{"title":"A new reduced order model of induction motors","authors":"P. Dahono, Qamaruzzaman","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500804","url":null,"abstract":"A new reduced order model of induction motors is proposed in this paper. Instead of neglecting the stator transients as in the case of standard reduced order model, the new model is derived by neglecting the transients in the leakage inductances. It is found that the new model produces better results than the standard reduced order model and, in some cases, the results are almost the same as that of the full order model.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129451463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500704
W. Chu, Bin Chen, Pao-Chang Mo
For energy conservation and improvement of power system operation efficiency, how to reduce the transmission system losses becomes an important topic of grave concern. To understand the cause, and to evaluate the amount, of the losses are the prior steps to diminish them. To simplify the evaluation procedure without losing too much accuracy, this paper adopts the artificial neural network, which is a model free network, to analyze the transmission system losses. As the artificial neural network with time decayed weight has the capability of learning, memorizing, and forgetting, it is more suitable for a power system with gradually changing characteristics. By using this artificial neural network, the estimation of transmission system losses will be more precise. In this paper, comparison is made between the results of artificial neural network analysis and polynomial loss equations analysis.
{"title":"Calculation of transmission system losses for the Taiwan Power Company by the artificial neural network with time decayed weight","authors":"W. Chu, Bin Chen, Pao-Chang Mo","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500704","url":null,"abstract":"For energy conservation and improvement of power system operation efficiency, how to reduce the transmission system losses becomes an important topic of grave concern. To understand the cause, and to evaluate the amount, of the losses are the prior steps to diminish them. To simplify the evaluation procedure without losing too much accuracy, this paper adopts the artificial neural network, which is a model free network, to analyze the transmission system losses. As the artificial neural network with time decayed weight has the capability of learning, memorizing, and forgetting, it is more suitable for a power system with gradually changing characteristics. By using this artificial neural network, the estimation of transmission system losses will be more precise. In this paper, comparison is made between the results of artificial neural network analysis and polynomial loss equations analysis.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EMPD.1995.500713
Wei-Nan Chang, Chi-Jui Wu
In this paper, a 200 W flicker voltage generator is made by using microcomputers and linear amplification circuits. The modulation amplitudes and frequencies based on the UIE /spl Delta/V/sub 10/ evaluation can be arbitrarily assigned by software with high accuracy. The flicker voltage signals measured at the customer side also can be re-generated. Some applications such as evaluating the effects of flicker voltage on incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), are also made. From experimental tests by use of the flicker voltage generator, the properties of some compact fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps are compared. Those properties describe the relation between input voltage variation and output lux of lamps, such that there is direct description of influences of flicker voltages on lamps.
{"title":"Design and applications of a flicker voltage generator","authors":"Wei-Nan Chang, Chi-Jui Wu","doi":"10.1109/EMPD.1995.500713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMPD.1995.500713","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 200 W flicker voltage generator is made by using microcomputers and linear amplification circuits. The modulation amplitudes and frequencies based on the UIE /spl Delta/V/sub 10/ evaluation can be arbitrarily assigned by software with high accuracy. The flicker voltage signals measured at the customer side also can be re-generated. Some applications such as evaluating the effects of flicker voltage on incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), are also made. From experimental tests by use of the flicker voltage generator, the properties of some compact fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps are compared. Those properties describe the relation between input voltage variation and output lux of lamps, such that there is direct description of influences of flicker voltages on lamps.","PeriodicalId":447674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116264855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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