Soil erosion is a formidable global challenge with far-reaching consequences. It results in the depletion of soil nutrients, land degradation, decreased agricultural output, heightened runoff, and the exacerbation of geological hazards such as landslides and debris fl ows. This study focuses on the assessment of soil erosion in the Beas Valley region of Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, situated in the Western Himalaya landscape of Northern India. The research employs various datasets and a well-de fi ned methodology to analyze the complex interactions between climate, soil, topography, and land use in order to understand and mitigate soil erosion risks. The primary data sources utilized in this study include rainfall data from the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, soil data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, and satellite imagery from Landsat. The research methodology is based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), a widely accepted model for assessing soil erosion. The RUSLE equation (A= R·K·LS·C·P) incorporates several factors to quantify soil erosion rates. The R-factor, derived from monthly and annual rainfall data, is used to estimate erosivity. The K-factor, determined using soil type and composition, characterizes soil erodibility. The LS-factor considers slope and fl ow accumulation, while the C-factor is calculated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite imagery. Lastly, the P-factor accounts for the effectiveness of conservation practices. This interdisciplinary approach provides valuable insights into the dynamics of soil erosion in the Beas Valley region. By leveraging cutting-edge data sources, fi led visit and a robust methodology, this study contributes to a better understanding of soil erosion processes in a fragile Himalaya ecosystem, facilitating informed land management decisions and environmental conservation efforts.
水土流失是一项影响深远的全球性严峻挑战。它导致土壤养分枯竭、土地退化、农业减产、径流增加以及山体滑坡和泥石流等地质灾害的加剧。本研究的重点是评估位于印度北部西喜马拉雅地貌的喜马偕尔邦库鲁的比斯河谷地区的土壤侵蚀情况。研究采用了各种数据集和成熟的方法来分析气候、土壤、地形和土地利用之间复杂的相互作用，以了解和减轻土壤侵蚀风险。本研究使用的主要数据源包括东英吉利大学气候研究室提供的降雨量数据、粮食及农业组织提供的土壤数据、航天飞机雷达地形图任务提供的数字高程模型（DEM）数据以及大地遥感卫星提供的卫星图像。研究方法基于经修订的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE），这是一个广为接受的土壤侵蚀评估模型。RUSLE 方程（A= R-K-LS-C-P）包含几个量化土壤侵蚀率的因子。根据月降雨量和年降雨量数据得出的 R 因子用于估算侵蚀率。K 系数根据土壤类型和成分确定，用于描述土壤的侵蚀性。LS 系数考虑了坡度和积土量，而 C 系数则根据卫星图像中的归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 计算得出。最后，P 因子考虑了保护措施的有效性。这种跨学科方法为了解比斯河谷地区的水土流失动态提供了宝贵的信息。通过利用最前沿的数据源、fi 主导的访问和稳健的方法，该研究有助于更好地了解喜马拉雅脆弱生态系统中的土壤侵蚀过程，促进明智的土地管理决策和环境保护工作。
{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion in the Beas Valley, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh: A study of Western Himalayan landscape, Northern India","authors":"Suraj Kumar Maurya, Vartika Singh, Kesar Chand, Prabuddh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/185558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/185558","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a formidable global challenge with far-reaching consequences. It results in the depletion of soil nutrients, land degradation, decreased agricultural output, heightened runoff, and the exacerbation of geological hazards such as landslides and debris fl ows. This study focuses on the assessment of soil erosion in the Beas Valley region of Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, situated in the Western Himalaya landscape of Northern India. The research employs various datasets and a well-de fi ned methodology to analyze the complex interactions between climate, soil, topography, and land use in order to understand and mitigate soil erosion risks. The primary data sources utilized in this study include rainfall data from the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, soil data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, and satellite imagery from Landsat. The research methodology is based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), a widely accepted model for assessing soil erosion. The RUSLE equation (A= R·K·LS·C·P) incorporates several factors to quantify soil erosion rates. The R-factor, derived from monthly and annual rainfall data, is used to estimate erosivity. The K-factor, determined using soil type and composition, characterizes soil erodibility. The LS-factor considers slope and fl ow accumulation, while the C-factor is calculated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite imagery. Lastly, the P-factor accounts for the effectiveness of conservation practices. This interdisciplinary approach provides valuable insights into the dynamics of soil erosion in the Beas Valley region. By leveraging cutting-edge data sources, fi led visit and a robust methodology, this study contributes to a better understanding of soil erosion processes in a fragile Himalaya ecosystem, facilitating informed land management decisions and environmental conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandro Sardon Nina, J. Loaiza-Úsuga, Diego Varga, Yoissy Pari Morales
The Puno-Peruvian high plateau have been shaped by humans over the last 8000 years. The Waru Waru system is a direct result of the agricultural activities of the pre-Inca in the last 2000 years. The present study was conducted in the circumlacustrine zone of Titicaca (445,532 ha) near the city of Puno, Peru. The parent material of the soils originates from the Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits within the high plateau with fl at landscapes, and the land is used for temporary and perennial cultivation as well as extensive natural pasture. The entire region was assessed through a pre-liminary soil survey, based on which three soil pro fi les were selected as representative Waru Waru soil structures. The soil samples were subjected to morphological and physicochemical analyses and the genesis in relation to historical use was investigated. The results showed that sandy loam and clay loam textures dominate and the average sand content is 52%, giving the parent material acidic characteristics. The soils are typically covered by natural grassland, with adequate drainage conditions and the presence of a hydrological discontinuity at a depth of 60 cm. The stagnic properties of the soils are related to the seasonally wet and paleohydromorphic conditions originating from paleo-lacustrine conditions and fl ooding. The soils exhibited high variability in base content, with pH ranging from acidic to neutral and evidence of ion leaching processes and incipient concentration of salts at depth. The predominant soils were Stagnosols, Cambisols and Phaeozems in the same order (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2022), corresponding to Inceptisols and Mollisols (Soil Survey Staff, 2022a). The Waru Waru agricultural system covers an area of approximately 123,000 ha, with 5% of this area consisting of natural grasslands. The degradation of the traditional agriculture system (Waru Waru) is in fl uenced by the socio-cultural dynamics and modernization of the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Characterization of the “Waru Waru” soils on the Peruvian high plateau","authors":"Sandro Sardon Nina, J. Loaiza-Úsuga, Diego Varga, Yoissy Pari Morales","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/184338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/184338","url":null,"abstract":"The Puno-Peruvian high plateau have been shaped by humans over the last 8000 years. The Waru Waru system is a direct result of the agricultural activities of the pre-Inca in the last 2000 years. The present study was conducted in the circumlacustrine zone of Titicaca (445,532 ha) near the city of Puno, Peru. The parent material of the soils originates from the Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits within the high plateau with fl at landscapes, and the land is used for temporary and perennial cultivation as well as extensive natural pasture. The entire region was assessed through a pre-liminary soil survey, based on which three soil pro fi les were selected as representative Waru Waru soil structures. The soil samples were subjected to morphological and physicochemical analyses and the genesis in relation to historical use was investigated. The results showed that sandy loam and clay loam textures dominate and the average sand content is 52%, giving the parent material acidic characteristics. The soils are typically covered by natural grassland, with adequate drainage conditions and the presence of a hydrological discontinuity at a depth of 60 cm. The stagnic properties of the soils are related to the seasonally wet and paleohydromorphic conditions originating from paleo-lacustrine conditions and fl ooding. The soils exhibited high variability in base content, with pH ranging from acidic to neutral and evidence of ion leaching processes and incipient concentration of salts at depth. The predominant soils were Stagnosols, Cambisols and Phaeozems in the same order (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2022), corresponding to Inceptisols and Mollisols (Soil Survey Staff, 2022a). The Waru Waru agricultural system covers an area of approximately 123,000 ha, with 5% of this area consisting of natural grasslands. The degradation of the traditional agriculture system (Waru Waru) is in fl uenced by the socio-cultural dynamics and modernization of the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land expansion to meet productivity is often carried out without further consideration or study of the condition of the land. Insu ffi cient soil quality leads to a decline in plant productivity. This research examines the soil conditions on sugar cane plantations in Takalar, Indonesia. We partitioned a single hectare of land into nine distinct observation plots to assess and compare the homogeneity of soil conditions and plant growth within each plot. In this study, we measured the organic carbon and the physical properties of the soil (bulk density and soil permeability), which are the main characteristics that re fl ect soil conditions in an area. Plant growth parameters such as the number of sugarcane tillers, height, and diameter were measured to compare growth in each plant plot. The research fi ndings indicated that low organic C content values signi fi ed a lack of nutrient availability in the soil due to low soil permeability, resulting in a 50% reduction in production. These fi ndings validated the shallow and marginal soil conditions. While soil processing demonstrated a capacity to decrease bulk density at depths of 15–30 cm, it proved ineffective in enhancing soil permeability. Post-tillage, the soil permeability rate at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths declined, leading to compromised plant growth. Sugarcane plants in Takalar exhibited below-average growth with insu ffi cient plant height (below 200 cm), stem diameter (less than 3 cm), and a low stem count per meter at the initial growth stage. Low organic C content values indicated a lack of nutrient availability in the soil due to low soil permeability, resulting in a 50% reduction in production. This research can be a reference for further research regarding improving soil quality and plant productivity
{"title":"Linking marginal soil to sugarcane productivity in Takalar, Indonesia","authors":"W. Safitri, A. Ala, S. Gusli, Iqbal Salim","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/184160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/184160","url":null,"abstract":"Land expansion to meet productivity is often carried out without further consideration or study of the condition of the land. Insu ffi cient soil quality leads to a decline in plant productivity. This research examines the soil conditions on sugar cane plantations in Takalar, Indonesia. We partitioned a single hectare of land into nine distinct observation plots to assess and compare the homogeneity of soil conditions and plant growth within each plot. In this study, we measured the organic carbon and the physical properties of the soil (bulk density and soil permeability), which are the main characteristics that re fl ect soil conditions in an area. Plant growth parameters such as the number of sugarcane tillers, height, and diameter were measured to compare growth in each plant plot. The research fi ndings indicated that low organic C content values signi fi ed a lack of nutrient availability in the soil due to low soil permeability, resulting in a 50% reduction in production. These fi ndings validated the shallow and marginal soil conditions. While soil processing demonstrated a capacity to decrease bulk density at depths of 15–30 cm, it proved ineffective in enhancing soil permeability. Post-tillage, the soil permeability rate at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths declined, leading to compromised plant growth. Sugarcane plants in Takalar exhibited below-average growth with insu ffi cient plant height (below 200 cm), stem diameter (less than 3 cm), and a low stem count per meter at the initial growth stage. Low organic C content values indicated a lack of nutrient availability in the soil due to low soil permeability, resulting in a 50% reduction in production. This research can be a reference for further research regarding improving soil quality and plant productivity","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topsoil organic carbon and soil pH across different peatland use types in Co-Offaly, Ireland","authors":"S. O. Apori, M. Giltrap, Furong Tian","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/183768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/183768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behnoush Kamali, A. Mahdavi Mazdeh, Abbas Sotoodehnia, Stefan Wohnlich
Information of phosphorus adsorption characteristics in soils is of great importance for determining and applying proper management strategies in order to improve crop productivity and reduce environmental damages. A comprehensive equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study was designed to evaluate the adsorption behavior of phosphorus and the effect of soil properties on phosphorus retention in four different agricultural soils of Qazvin plain. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm ( r 2 = 0.998, s = 0.007), and Kuo and Lotse equation ( r 2 = 0.946, s = 0.009) had the highest accuracy in equilibrium and kinetic modeling of phosphorus adsorption onto the soil surface. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the maximum adsorption capacity (q m ) was positively correlated with clay and calcium carbonate contents and negatively correlated with the percentage of organic matter (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of three distinct parameters including salinity (0 to 30 ppt), temperature (12 to 38°C), and pH (2.5 to 11.5) on phosphorus adsorption were found to be signi fi cant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). According to these results, by changing the temperature from 12 to 25°C and 25 to 38°C, the maximum adsorption capacity increased in the range of 1.4–1.9 times. A rapid 82% increase in the adsorptive removal of phosphorus was observed at pH 5.36 to 7.5. However, with increasing salinity, the amount of adsorption decreased gradually and reached a plateau of about 0.189 mg g –1 over 10 ppt salinity. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic test of the investigated soils showed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous.
{"title":"Study of phosphorus adsorption behaviour of soils of the Qazvin plain, NW Iran","authors":"Behnoush Kamali, A. Mahdavi Mazdeh, Abbas Sotoodehnia, Stefan Wohnlich","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/183657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/183657","url":null,"abstract":"Information of phosphorus adsorption characteristics in soils is of great importance for determining and applying proper management strategies in order to improve crop productivity and reduce environmental damages. A comprehensive equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study was designed to evaluate the adsorption behavior of phosphorus and the effect of soil properties on phosphorus retention in four different agricultural soils of Qazvin plain. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm ( r 2 = 0.998, s = 0.007), and Kuo and Lotse equation ( r 2 = 0.946, s = 0.009) had the highest accuracy in equilibrium and kinetic modeling of phosphorus adsorption onto the soil surface. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the maximum adsorption capacity (q m ) was positively correlated with clay and calcium carbonate contents and negatively correlated with the percentage of organic matter (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of three distinct parameters including salinity (0 to 30 ppt), temperature (12 to 38°C), and pH (2.5 to 11.5) on phosphorus adsorption were found to be signi fi cant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). According to these results, by changing the temperature from 12 to 25°C and 25 to 38°C, the maximum adsorption capacity increased in the range of 1.4–1.9 times. A rapid 82% increase in the adsorptive removal of phosphorus was observed at pH 5.36 to 7.5. However, with increasing salinity, the amount of adsorption decreased gradually and reached a plateau of about 0.189 mg g –1 over 10 ppt salinity. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic test of the investigated soils showed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Havryshko, Yurii Olifir, P. Hnativ, A. Habryiel, T. Partyka, V. Ivaniuk
{"title":"Influence of prolonged agrogenic transformation on soil structure and physicochemical properties of Ukrainian Albic Stagnic Luvisols: a case study from western Ukraine","authors":"O. Havryshko, Yurii Olifir, P. Hnativ, A. Habryiel, T. Partyka, V. Ivaniuk","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/183659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/183659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahayu Rahayu, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Ganjar Herdiansyah, A. Herawati, Farhan Erdaswin
{"title":"The influence of geological formations on soil characteristics and quality in the southeast region of Pacitan Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Rahayu Rahayu, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Ganjar Herdiansyah, A. Herawati, Farhan Erdaswin","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/175383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/175383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorota Kawałko, Dariusz Gruszka, Jarosław Waroszewski, C. Kabała
{"title":"Application of portable colorimeter for identification of mollic horizon and mollic-based soil groups","authors":"Dorota Kawałko, Dariusz Gruszka, Jarosław Waroszewski, C. Kabała","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/175008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/175008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clay-illuvial soils with argic horizon and developed from loess or other silty deposits constitute high-quality arable land owing to favourable physical and chemical properties. There are thus numerous reports on such soils, considering their structure, compaction, erosion, water and air properties. However, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on structure and physical properties on analogous soils under forests. The aim of this research was therefore a comprehensive description of the physical state, including structure, water and air properties, of a forest Retisol developed from loess. Morphographic, morphological and morphometric parameters of structure, selected physicochemical and water and air properties and also relationships among the obtained parameters were analysed for genetic horizons O, Ah, AE, E, Bt/E, Bt, BtC and C. The fi eld survey and soil structure images indicated that the studied forest soil had an undisturbed sequence of genetic horizons. The soil structure was shaped by soil fl ora and fauna causing bioturbation. Qualitative and quantitative structure analysis revealed that the O horizon had a loose arrangement, the Ah horizon had an aggregate crumb structure, the AE horizon had zones of an aggregate crumb structure and non-aggregate structure ( fi ssured or with channels), while the remaining mineral horizons showed essentially a non-aggregate structure with varying proportions and sizes of planes and biogenic pores (i.e. cracked or fi ssured structure and structure with channels, respectively). The morphometric and physicochemical parameters facilitated a detailed analysis of the Retisol’s physical state. The Retisol’s structure type and degree of aggregate development directly in fl uenced its hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity. Therefore, under simulated precipitation, the soil water content and effective saturation varied mainly in the topsoil (O–E horizons) and virtually no changes were observed in the subsoil (Bt–C horizons). The research resulted in a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical and morphometric parameters, their relationships, and structure images that were previously unavailable in other studies, covering the physical state of the entire pedon of a forest Retisol. The results obtained may serve, for example, as a reference (control) for analogous soils located in non-forest ecosystems and become an element in space-for-time substitu-tion scenarios aimed at assessing the intensity of anthropogenic transformation
{"title":"Study on the physical properties of a forest Glossic Retisol developed from loess in the Lublin Upland, SE Poland","authors":"Maja Bryk","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/174969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/174969","url":null,"abstract":"Clay-illuvial soils with argic horizon and developed from loess or other silty deposits constitute high-quality arable land owing to favourable physical and chemical properties. There are thus numerous reports on such soils, considering their structure, compaction, erosion, water and air properties. However, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on structure and physical properties on analogous soils under forests. The aim of this research was therefore a comprehensive description of the physical state, including structure, water and air properties, of a forest Retisol developed from loess. Morphographic, morphological and morphometric parameters of structure, selected physicochemical and water and air properties and also relationships among the obtained parameters were analysed for genetic horizons O, Ah, AE, E, Bt/E, Bt, BtC and C. The fi eld survey and soil structure images indicated that the studied forest soil had an undisturbed sequence of genetic horizons. The soil structure was shaped by soil fl ora and fauna causing bioturbation. Qualitative and quantitative structure analysis revealed that the O horizon had a loose arrangement, the Ah horizon had an aggregate crumb structure, the AE horizon had zones of an aggregate crumb structure and non-aggregate structure ( fi ssured or with channels), while the remaining mineral horizons showed essentially a non-aggregate structure with varying proportions and sizes of planes and biogenic pores (i.e. cracked or fi ssured structure and structure with channels, respectively). The morphometric and physicochemical parameters facilitated a detailed analysis of the Retisol’s physical state. The Retisol’s structure type and degree of aggregate development directly in fl uenced its hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity. Therefore, under simulated precipitation, the soil water content and effective saturation varied mainly in the topsoil (O–E horizons) and virtually no changes were observed in the subsoil (Bt–C horizons). The research resulted in a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical and morphometric parameters, their relationships, and structure images that were previously unavailable in other studies, covering the physical state of the entire pedon of a forest Retisol. The results obtained may serve, for example, as a reference (control) for analogous soils located in non-forest ecosystems and become an element in space-for-time substitu-tion scenarios aimed at assessing the intensity of anthropogenic transformation","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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