The inhibitory effects of neem leaf extract on fertilizer nitrogen (N) transformation in soil have not been fully recognized. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of fi ve nitri fi cation inhibitors on the status of soil inorganic N, urea hydrolysis, and nitri fi cation: i) no inhibitor (control); ii) nitrapyrin; and three rates of neem leaf extract based on the dry weight of the raw material: iii) 1 g kg –1 soil; iv) 2 g kg –1 soil; v) 4 g kg –1 soil. Neem leaf extract in all rates increased urea hydrolysis rate on days 5 − 15. In contrast, nitrapyrin decreased urea hydrolysis on days 5 − 10, compared to the control. As for nitri fi cation, neem leaf extract showed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. The stimulation ap-peared on day 3, whereas inhibition occurred and peaked on days 5 − 15. Nitrapyrin showed inhibitory effects on days 10 − 15, reaching its peak on day 15. Increasing rates of neem leaf extract brought about increases in stimulation and inhibition of urea hydrolysis and nitri fi cation. The results conclusively stated that the neem leaf extract had generally faster, stronger, and longer nitri fi cation inhibition than nitrapyrin. The stimulation in the early phase and the inhibition in the later phase of the incubation of neem leaf extract were more pronounced with higher application rates.
楝叶提取物对土壤氮素转化的抑制作用尚未得到充分认识。因此，本研究旨在评价5种氮化抑制剂对土壤无机氮、尿素水解和氮化状态的影响:1)无抑制剂(对照);(二)nitrapyrin;根据原料的干重，印楝叶提取物的三种配比:iii) 1 g kg -1土壤;Iv) 2 g kg -1土壤;V) 4克公斤-1土壤。在第5 ~ 15天，所有比例的印楝叶提取物都提高了尿素水解率。相比之下，与对照组相比，硝基吡啶在第5 ~ 10天减少了尿素水解。印楝叶提取物对硝态氮具有刺激和抑制作用。刺激在第3天出现，而抑制在第5 ~ 15天出现并达到峰值。Nitrapyrin在第10 ~ 15天表现出抑制作用，在第15天达到峰值。随着印楝叶提取物用量的增加，对尿素水解和硝态化的刺激和抑制作用增强。结果表明，印楝叶提取物对硝基阳离子的抑制作用一般比硝基霉素更快、更强、更持久。印楝叶提取物在培养初期的刺激作用和后期的抑制作用随着施用量的增加而明显。
{"title":"Effects of neem leaf extract on inorganic nitrogen transformation in sandy soil","authors":"S. Butnan, Janista Duangpukdee, P. Sriraj","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156072","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibitory effects of neem leaf extract on fertilizer nitrogen (N) transformation in soil have not been fully recognized. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of fi ve nitri fi cation inhibitors on the status of soil inorganic N, urea hydrolysis, and nitri fi cation: i) no inhibitor (control); ii) nitrapyrin; and three rates of neem leaf extract based on the dry weight of the raw material: iii) 1 g kg –1 soil; iv) 2 g kg –1 soil; v) 4 g kg –1 soil. Neem leaf extract in all rates increased urea hydrolysis rate on days 5 − 15. In contrast, nitrapyrin decreased urea hydrolysis on days 5 − 10, compared to the control. As for nitri fi cation, neem leaf extract showed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. The stimulation ap-peared on day 3, whereas inhibition occurred and peaked on days 5 − 15. Nitrapyrin showed inhibitory effects on days 10 − 15, reaching its peak on day 15. Increasing rates of neem leaf extract brought about increases in stimulation and inhibition of urea hydrolysis and nitri fi cation. The results conclusively stated that the neem leaf extract had generally faster, stronger, and longer nitri fi cation inhibition than nitrapyrin. The stimulation in the early phase and the inhibition in the later phase of the incubation of neem leaf extract were more pronounced with higher application rates.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84045396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our research was to present the properties of alluvial soils from mountain forest areas. Additionally, the paper presents the vegetation accompanying the studied soils. The detailed characteristics will include the stand and the undergrowth. 10 study plots representing mountain areas were included in the study. Study plots were located in the mountains in the Bielsko, Ustro ń , Szklarska Por ę ba, W ę gierska Górka forest districts as well as the Bieszczadzki, Babiogórski and Tatrza ń ski National Parks. At each sample plot a detailed description of soil pro fi le has been carried out, samples were collected from each genetic horizon in order to perform the basic determinations of the soil properties. On each research plot, a phytosociological relevé using the Braun-Blanquet method and a taxonomic description of the tree stand were performed. The diagnosis of forest site type was determined according to forest management principles and the Trophic Soil Index was calculated. The properties of mountain alluvial soils are related to the properties of the rock complexes within which alluvial terraces are formed. Mountain alluvial soils belong to various groups (Fluvisols, Leptosols, Cambisols, Phaeozems), which depend on the valley location and anthropogenic factors. River regulation and the disappearance of fl oods result in the formation of soils with a cambic horizon and acidi fi cation of the surface horizons devoid of the in fl uence of water. Two main plant communities are associated with mountain alluvial soils: Alnetum incanae and Carici remotae-Fraxinetum . Ecosystems related to mountain alluvial soils are very valuable due to their high biodiversity and ful fi lling various ecosystem functions.
{"title":"Forest habitats developed on alluvial soils in the area of mountains","authors":"J. Lasota, E. Błońska","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156060","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research was to present the properties of alluvial soils from mountain forest areas. Additionally, the paper presents the vegetation accompanying the studied soils. The detailed characteristics will include the stand and the undergrowth. 10 study plots representing mountain areas were included in the study. Study plots were located in the mountains in the Bielsko, Ustro ń , Szklarska Por ę ba, W ę gierska Górka forest districts as well as the Bieszczadzki, Babiogórski and Tatrza ń ski National Parks. At each sample plot a detailed description of soil pro fi le has been carried out, samples were collected from each genetic horizon in order to perform the basic determinations of the soil properties. On each research plot, a phytosociological relevé using the Braun-Blanquet method and a taxonomic description of the tree stand were performed. The diagnosis of forest site type was determined according to forest management principles and the Trophic Soil Index was calculated. The properties of mountain alluvial soils are related to the properties of the rock complexes within which alluvial terraces are formed. Mountain alluvial soils belong to various groups (Fluvisols, Leptosols, Cambisols, Phaeozems), which depend on the valley location and anthropogenic factors. River regulation and the disappearance of fl oods result in the formation of soils with a cambic horizon and acidi fi cation of the surface horizons devoid of the in fl uence of water. Two main plant communities are associated with mountain alluvial soils: Alnetum incanae and Carici remotae-Fraxinetum . Ecosystems related to mountain alluvial soils are very valuable due to their high biodiversity and ful fi lling various ecosystem functions.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89328413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In terms of the mutual arrangement of individual properties, alluvial soils are unpredictable and do not fi t into the regularities most often found in arable soils. Often, soil density does not increase with the sampling depth
{"title":"Selected physical and water properties of alluvial soils in the context of their susceptibility to drainage degradation","authors":"Z. Kaczmarek, P. Gajewski","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156063","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of the mutual arrangement of individual properties, alluvial soils are unpredictable and do not fi t into the regularities most often found in arable soils. Often, soil density does not increase with the sampling depth","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72898713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research carried out in the middle Odra valley, SW Poland, was to demonstrate the diversi fi cation of the morphology and selected properties of alluvial soils used for agricultural purposes and to assess their changes in the conditions of river regulation. The research was carried out in the low valley of the Odra River in its middle course downstream from Wroc ł aw. Four soil pro fi les were exposed on the right bank of the Odra River on the Holocene fl oodplain terrace. Two pro fi les were located in the embanked zone used as grassland
{"title":"Morphology and selected properties of alluvial soils in the Odra River valley, SW Poland","authors":"D. Kawałko, J. Kaszubkiewicz, P. Jezierski","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156062","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research carried out in the middle Odra valley, SW Poland, was to demonstrate the diversi fi cation of the morphology and selected properties of alluvial soils used for agricultural purposes and to assess their changes in the conditions of river regulation. The research was carried out in the low valley of the Odra River in its middle course downstream from Wroc ł aw. Four soil pro fi les were exposed on the right bank of the Odra River on the Holocene fl oodplain terrace. Two pro fi les were located in the embanked zone used as grassland","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at characterizing the soil-forming processes and certain properties of soils that have developed from alluvial sediments in the valley of the Kamienna stream, which represents a headwater stream valley deeply incised into the glacial and fl uvioglacial deposits of Middle Pomerania, north Poland. Seven soil pro fi les distributed, along the stream, were described, sam-pled, and analyzed using standard procedures. The parent materials of the soils showed strati fi cation and were characterized by a sandy texture with considerable admixtures of gravel in some horizons. A textural measures indicated their accumulation in a highly dynamic fl uvial environment. The soils showed broad spatial heterogeneity, highlighting the importance of local-scale factors in their formation. The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and gleying from groundwater were identi fi ed as major soil-forming processes, which was re fl ected in soil reference groups dis-tinguished – Eutric Gleyic Fluvisols, Fluvic Gleyic Mollic Umbrisols, Fluvic Gleyic Phaeozems, and Fluvic Phaeozems. The soils were characterized by deep A horizons and high SOM contents. The strati fi cation of these horizons can indicate the partially allochthonous origin of this component, with the headwater bogs in the upper and middle courses of the stream potentially its source. Additionally, the soils were rich in nitrogen, but poor in total P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al. The generally low contribution of free Fe oxides to the soils indicated poorly advanced weathering, whereas the predominance of amorphous forms of Fe over crystalline could be the effect of high moisture and the SOM content. The soils were also characterized by a low cation exchange capacity, that varied depending on the SOM and clay contents. The soils were generally acidic, with pH values fl uctuating around 5.0–7.0, in most cases, although the predominance of acidic over basic ions was not appar-ent in the sorption complex.
{"title":"Soil-forming processes and properties of soils developed from fluvic materials in the headwater river valleys of Middle Pomerania, north Poland: A case study of the Kamienna stream","authors":"J. Jonczak, A. Parzych, Krzysztof Sztabkowski","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156044","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at characterizing the soil-forming processes and certain properties of soils that have developed from alluvial sediments in the valley of the Kamienna stream, which represents a headwater stream valley deeply incised into the glacial and fl uvioglacial deposits of Middle Pomerania, north Poland. Seven soil pro fi les distributed, along the stream, were described, sam-pled, and analyzed using standard procedures. The parent materials of the soils showed strati fi cation and were characterized by a sandy texture with considerable admixtures of gravel in some horizons. A textural measures indicated their accumulation in a highly dynamic fl uvial environment. The soils showed broad spatial heterogeneity, highlighting the importance of local-scale factors in their formation. The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and gleying from groundwater were identi fi ed as major soil-forming processes, which was re fl ected in soil reference groups dis-tinguished – Eutric Gleyic Fluvisols, Fluvic Gleyic Mollic Umbrisols, Fluvic Gleyic Phaeozems, and Fluvic Phaeozems. The soils were characterized by deep A horizons and high SOM contents. The strati fi cation of these horizons can indicate the partially allochthonous origin of this component, with the headwater bogs in the upper and middle courses of the stream potentially its source. Additionally, the soils were rich in nitrogen, but poor in total P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al. The generally low contribution of free Fe oxides to the soils indicated poorly advanced weathering, whereas the predominance of amorphous forms of Fe over crystalline could be the effect of high moisture and the SOM content. The soils were also characterized by a low cation exchange capacity, that varied depending on the SOM and clay contents. The soils were generally acidic, with pH values fl uctuating around 5.0–7.0, in most cases, although the predominance of acidic over basic ions was not appar-ent in the sorption complex.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83239261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected alluvial soils (Polish: mady) to be the Soils of the Year 2022. Although alluvial soils cover less than 5% of Poland, they have high importance for agriculture and forestry due to their speci fi c location in river valleys, moisture status and high potential productivity. Moreover, alluvial soils play crucial role for functioning of many protected natural and semi-natural ecosystems in river valleys. Strati fi ed alluvial soils, commonly involving buried topsoil horizons, are also important for the reconstruction of natural environmental changes (in particular climatic and hydrological ones) and human impact on the landscape. This paper presents: (a) a concept of alluvial soils in Poland; (b) a review of the development and transformation of alluvial soils in relation to river valley dynamics and human in fl uences, (c) historical and present classi fi cation schemes for alluvial soils in Poland and their correlation with international classi fi cation systems (WRB and Soil Taxonomy); and (d) utility of alluvial soils for agriculture and forestry based on their physicochemical properties and water regime.
{"title":"Origin, transformation and classification of alluvial soils (mady) in Poland – soils of the year 2022","authors":"C. Kabała","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156043","url":null,"abstract":"The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected alluvial soils (Polish: mady) to be the Soils of the Year 2022. Although alluvial soils cover less than 5% of Poland, they have high importance for agriculture and forestry due to their speci fi c location in river valleys, moisture status and high potential productivity. Moreover, alluvial soils play crucial role for functioning of many protected natural and semi-natural ecosystems in river valleys. Strati fi ed alluvial soils, commonly involving buried topsoil horizons, are also important for the reconstruction of natural environmental changes (in particular climatic and hydrological ones) and human impact on the landscape. This paper presents: (a) a concept of alluvial soils in Poland; (b) a review of the development and transformation of alluvial soils in relation to river valley dynamics and human in fl uences, (c) historical and present classi fi cation schemes for alluvial soils in Poland and their correlation with international classi fi cation systems (WRB and Soil Taxonomy); and (d) utility of alluvial soils for agriculture and forestry based on their physicochemical properties and water regime.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72393660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Malcheva, M. Nustorova, M. Zhiyanski, R. Yaneva, E. Abakumov
Polar soils under different vegetation cover from Livingston Island (Antarctica) were studied ana-lyzing indicators of carbohydrates decomposition in soils: organic carbon, biomass carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, cellulase, amylase, and invertase activity. The highest values of microbial biomass in soils were indicated for sites with vegetation cover while the lowest values in soils without vegetation, which correlate with the content of total organic carbon and the C:N ratio. The highest percentage of biomass carbon compared to the total organic biomass carbon is obtained for two sites with mosses, and the lowest in sites without vegetation, followed by the sites with lichens. Cellulase activity is highest in polar soils with moss cover. Amylase activity depends more strongly on the type of vegetation. The highest amylase activity is detected in soils under algae cover and the lowest in soils without vegetation. Invertase activity is limited by the extreme soil and climatic conditions of Antarctica. A very strong, positive correlation is found between total carbon and total nitrogen. The relationship between total carbon and the C:N ratio, as well as between biomass carbon and amylase activity, is moderate, and positive. The higher dependence of amylase activity from organic carbon with microbial origin correlates with higher values of the enzyme amylase compared to the enzyme cellulase. There is a strong (cellulase) and very strong (amylase) positive relationship between the activity of enzymes and the combination of factors: total carbon, total nitrogen, C: N ratio and biomass carbon.
{"title":"Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes-degraders of carbohydrates in polar soils from the area of Livingston Island, Antarctica","authors":"B. Malcheva, M. Nustorova, M. Zhiyanski, R. Yaneva, E. Abakumov","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/156042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/156042","url":null,"abstract":"Polar soils under different vegetation cover from Livingston Island (Antarctica) were studied ana-lyzing indicators of carbohydrates decomposition in soils: organic carbon, biomass carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, cellulase, amylase, and invertase activity. The highest values of microbial biomass in soils were indicated for sites with vegetation cover while the lowest values in soils without vegetation, which correlate with the content of total organic carbon and the C:N ratio. The highest percentage of biomass carbon compared to the total organic biomass carbon is obtained for two sites with mosses, and the lowest in sites without vegetation, followed by the sites with lichens. Cellulase activity is highest in polar soils with moss cover. Amylase activity depends more strongly on the type of vegetation. The highest amylase activity is detected in soils under algae cover and the lowest in soils without vegetation. Invertase activity is limited by the extreme soil and climatic conditions of Antarctica. A very strong, positive correlation is found between total carbon and total nitrogen. The relationship between total carbon and the C:N ratio, as well as between biomass carbon and amylase activity, is moderate, and positive. The higher dependence of amylase activity from organic carbon with microbial origin correlates with higher values of the enzyme amylase compared to the enzyme cellulase. There is a strong (cellulase) and very strong (amylase) positive relationship between the activity of enzymes and the combination of factors: total carbon, total nitrogen, C: N ratio and biomass carbon.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85462986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hieu M. Dang, Y. Inagaki, H. Dam, Trung Nguyen, Giang-Linh Nguyen, Y. Sakakibara
{"title":"Compositional shifts in microbial communities in soils supplemented with iron oxide materials and inorganic fertilizer","authors":"Hieu M. Dang, Y. Inagaki, H. Dam, Trung Nguyen, Giang-Linh Nguyen, Y. Sakakibara","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/153389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/153389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90251248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study has been done to see the impact of phosphorus (P) on the concentration of cadmium (Cd) chemical fractions in two sorts of calcareous soils within the Fars province in Iran. Because of these interactions, we looked at the in fl uence of phosphorus on cadmium fractions. Variables were three levels of Cd (0.0, 30.0 and 60.0 mg kg -1 of soil from CdSO 4. 8H 2 O), three levels of p (0.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg kg -1 of soil from Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2. H 2 O, three levels Incubation time (2, 4 and 8 weeks) and two sorts of soil (clay and sandy clay loam). The randomized completed block design (RCBD) was used for this research. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatments, the sequential extraction procedure was done to determine cadmium concentration in WsEx (Water Soluble and Exchangeable), Sorb (EDTA ex-tractable), MnOx (Manganese Oxides), Car (Carbonate), OM (Organic matter), AFeOx (Amorphous Iron Oxides), CFeOx (Crystaline Fe oxides) and Res (Residual) fractions. The results showed that 69.0 to 71.0% of the added Cd was removed within the WsEx, Sorb and MnOx fractions. Cadmium concentration in Sorb, OM and Res fraction was higher within clay soil while cadmium concentration within WsEx and Car fractions were higher within sandy clay loam soil. Adding P as monocalcium phosphate reduced cadmium concentration within WsEx and Sorb fractions while increased Car, OM and Res fractions. The presence of phosphorus reduces the concentration of Cd in those forms that are easily released into soil solution (WsEx and Sorb) from where they’ll be absorbed by plants and thus decrease cadmium uptake by plants.
在伊朗法尔斯省的两种钙质土壤中，研究了磷(P)对镉(Cd)化学组分浓度的影响。由于这些相互作用，我们研究了磷对镉组分的影响。变量为3个水平的Cd(0.0、30.0和60.0 mg kg -1)。8H 2o)，三个水平的p(0.0、50.0和100.0 mg kg -1)来自Ca (h2po4) 2的土壤。h2o，三个层次的培养时间(2,4和8周)和两种土壤(粘土和砂质粘土壤土)。本研究采用随机完全区设计(RCBD)。经过2周、4周和8周的处理，进行顺序提取程序，以测定WsEx(水溶性和可交换性)、Sorb (EDTA萃取)、MnOx(锰氧化物)、Car(碳酸盐)、OM(有机物)、AFeOx(无定形铁氧化物)、CFeOx(结晶铁氧化物)和Res(残余)馏分中的镉浓度。结果表明，在WsEx、Sorb和MnOx馏分中，添加Cd的去除率为69.0% ~ 71.0%。粘土土壤中Sorb、OM和Res组分的镉含量较高，砂质粘土壤土中WsEx和Car组分的镉含量较高。添加磷作为磷酸单钙降低了WsEx和Sorb组分中镉的浓度，增加了Car、OM和Res组分中镉的浓度。磷的存在降低了那些容易释放到土壤溶液中的Cd的浓度(WsEx和Sorb)，它们将被植物吸收，从而减少了植物对镉的吸收。
{"title":"Effect of monocalcium phosphate on the concentration of cadmium chemical fractions in two calcareous soils in Iran","authors":"Farzad Rassaei","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/152586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/152586","url":null,"abstract":"This study has been done to see the impact of phosphorus (P) on the concentration of cadmium (Cd) chemical fractions in two sorts of calcareous soils within the Fars province in Iran. Because of these interactions, we looked at the in fl uence of phosphorus on cadmium fractions. Variables were three levels of Cd (0.0, 30.0 and 60.0 mg kg -1 of soil from CdSO 4. 8H 2 O), three levels of p (0.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg kg -1 of soil from Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2. H 2 O, three levels Incubation time (2, 4 and 8 weeks) and two sorts of soil (clay and sandy clay loam). The randomized completed block design (RCBD) was used for this research. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatments, the sequential extraction procedure was done to determine cadmium concentration in WsEx (Water Soluble and Exchangeable), Sorb (EDTA ex-tractable), MnOx (Manganese Oxides), Car (Carbonate), OM (Organic matter), AFeOx (Amorphous Iron Oxides), CFeOx (Crystaline Fe oxides) and Res (Residual) fractions. The results showed that 69.0 to 71.0% of the added Cd was removed within the WsEx, Sorb and MnOx fractions. Cadmium concentration in Sorb, OM and Res fraction was higher within clay soil while cadmium concentration within WsEx and Car fractions were higher within sandy clay loam soil. Adding P as monocalcium phosphate reduced cadmium concentration within WsEx and Sorb fractions while increased Car, OM and Res fractions. The presence of phosphorus reduces the concentration of Cd in those forms that are easily released into soil solution (WsEx and Sorb) from where they’ll be absorbed by plants and thus decrease cadmium uptake by plants.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78183246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alluvial soils cover about 5% territory of Poland and they are an important part of the environment of fl oodplains and river valleys. These soils have long been studied by soil scientists around the world. The high school students also have a relatively high knowledge of them in comparison with other soil types. Information about them is readily available in textbooks and on the internet. Is this enough to make alluvial soils the driving force behind efforts to popularize soil science? The aim of this paper is to diagnose the state of knowledge about these soils among high school students of Kuyavian-Pomeranian region as well as the assessment of their suitability in the soil awareness raising. Querying geography textbooks and internet sources as well as a survey method were used as the main research methods. Information on alluvial soils is commonly found in geography textbooks and websites. The awareness of soil distribution within Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodship is the highest for alluvial soils among all studied types of soils. Respondents correctly assess the value of these soils and can identify ways to increase soil awareness among the public. Among the respondents there is a conviction that there is a need for changes in soil science education, especially in the fi eld of extracurricular activities. Suggestions for such activities are included in this publication. The Year of Alluvial Soils is a good opportunity to introduce new solutions in the popularization of soil science on a regional and national scale.
{"title":"Alluvial soils - a stream into soil awareness","authors":"M. Urbańska, P. Charzyński, M. Świtoniak","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/152484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/152484","url":null,"abstract":"Alluvial soils cover about 5% territory of Poland and they are an important part of the environment of fl oodplains and river valleys. These soils have long been studied by soil scientists around the world. The high school students also have a relatively high knowledge of them in comparison with other soil types. Information about them is readily available in textbooks and on the internet. Is this enough to make alluvial soils the driving force behind efforts to popularize soil science? The aim of this paper is to diagnose the state of knowledge about these soils among high school students of Kuyavian-Pomeranian region as well as the assessment of their suitability in the soil awareness raising. Querying geography textbooks and internet sources as well as a survey method were used as the main research methods. Information on alluvial soils is commonly found in geography textbooks and websites. The awareness of soil distribution within Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodship is the highest for alluvial soils among all studied types of soils. Respondents correctly assess the value of these soils and can identify ways to increase soil awareness among the public. Among the respondents there is a conviction that there is a need for changes in soil science education, especially in the fi eld of extracurricular activities. Suggestions for such activities are included in this publication. The Year of Alluvial Soils is a good opportunity to introduce new solutions in the popularization of soil science on a regional and national scale.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76257660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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