Yaroslav Vitvitskyi, V. Haskevych, S. Pozniak, I. Kasiianyk
The article presents the results of colorimetry and practical study of the processes of decolorization of chernozems by using a scanner as one of the effective and available methods for assessing soil color at the macromorphological level. The infl uence of moisture on the objectivity of the color parameters of typical chernozem samples in the color space of the CIE L*a*b* system is experimentally analyzed. Based on the parameters of brightness (L*), red (a*) and yellow (b*) color components, the color differences of typical chernozems of arable land and adjacent forest belts were established, and the horizontal color heterogeneity of the arable horizon of plain and slope areas was determined. The results of the study indicate that chernozems undergo an intense change in the natural color on slopes with a steepness of ≥ 4%. In soil samples, an increase in the range of the chromatic index b* indicates a low humus content and an increase in the role of loess loams in the pigmentation of the arable horizon. Compared to arable land, soil samples of typical chernozem taken under forest belts are characterized by low brightness (L*) and high levels of humus. The obtained results show the possibility of using this approach to assess the quality state of chernozems. In addition, a direct study of the color of chernozems will allow obtaining data regardless of weather conditions, the presence of vegetation, and soil cultivation technology. The minimized infl uence of the external environment on the process of fi xing the color parameters of the soil will contribute to the objectivity of information, which can later be used as an addition to the results of remote sensing. The formation of a digital database of color data will allow localizing areas of manifestation of decolorization of chernozems and assessing the risks associated with the soil management system.
{"title":"Features and assessment of decolorization of chernozems of Ukraine","authors":"Yaroslav Vitvitskyi, V. Haskevych, S. Pozniak, I. Kasiianyk","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/147483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/147483","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of colorimetry and practical study of the processes of decolorization of chernozems by using a scanner as one of the effective and available methods for assessing soil color at the macromorphological level. The infl uence of moisture on the objectivity of the color parameters of typical chernozem samples in the color space of the CIE L*a*b* system is experimentally analyzed. Based on the parameters of brightness (L*), red (a*) and yellow (b*) color components, the color differences of typical chernozems of arable land and adjacent forest belts were established, and the horizontal color heterogeneity of the arable horizon of plain and slope areas was determined. The results of the study indicate that chernozems undergo an intense change in the natural color on slopes with a steepness of ≥ 4%. In soil samples, an increase in the range of the chromatic index b* indicates a low humus content and an increase in the role of loess loams in the pigmentation of the arable horizon. Compared to arable land, soil samples of typical chernozem taken under forest belts are characterized by low brightness (L*) and high levels of humus. The obtained results show the possibility of using this approach to assess the quality state of chernozems. In addition, a direct study of the color of chernozems will allow obtaining data regardless of weather conditions, the presence of vegetation, and soil cultivation technology. The minimized infl uence of the external environment on the process of fi xing the color parameters of the soil will contribute to the objectivity of information, which can later be used as an addition to the results of remote sensing. The formation of a digital database of color data will allow localizing areas of manifestation of decolorization of chernozems and assessing the risks associated with the soil management system.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72503846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Polovyy, P. Hnativ, J. Chojnicki, V. Lykhochvor, N. Lahush, Nadya Yuvchik, H. Ivanyuk, L. Lukashchuk, Mariya Avhustynovych, H. Kosylovych, Yu. Korinec
V. Polovyy, P. Hnativ, J. Chojnicki, N. Lahush, V. Ivaniuk, Mariya Avhustynovych, O. Haskevych, L. Lukashchuk, M. Lukyanik
Modern agriculture has not been so strongly affected by the climate change we are seeing today. There are no systematic studies and predictions regarding the response of soils to rising air temperatures and changes in the water supply of landscape ecosystems. Ultimately, it is unknown how climate fl uctuations affect the balance of nutrients and humus in soil depending on the crops grown. There is not enough scientifi c data to indicate that warming or aridization affect the effi ciency of plant fertilizers. Our aim is to fi nd out how changes in the climate of the Western Ukrainian mesoclimate interacts with the trends in soil processes and crop yields in the Northwestern Forest-Steppe. We analysed the weather data from 1945–2018 provided by the Rivne State Weather Station (Ukraine) and the crop yields of the Main Directorate of Statistics of Ukraine in Rivne region. Field studies were conducted in the conditions of the Northwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 1960–2018 at the stationary fi eld experiments of the Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems (WRB. 2015) of the Institute of Agriculture of the Western Polissia of NAAS (Ukraine). Laboratory analyses were performed using standard techniques. Observations of climatic processes have allowed us to offer polynomial models that confi rm, with high degree of certainty, the steady trend of regional climate change towards warming in the Northwestern Forest Steppe of Ukraine (an average annual temperature R2 = 0.76; the sum of T >5°C R2 = 0.91 and the sum T >10°C R2 = 0.90. Rainfall has declined sharply in the last fi ve years, signifi cantly limiting soil moisture resources. There was a steady tendency towards aridization of the agrolandscape mezoclimate. We cannot say that climate warming has had a signifi cant impact on increasing the nutrient content of soils to contribute to a signifi cant increase in crop yields in the absence of fi eld fertilization. However, crop production of Rivne region (Ukraine), N, P and K application rates have increased periodically over the whole observed period of 1960–2001. There has been a steady upward trend in fertilizer application rates since 2000 and agricultural harvests have been steadily growing together with the warming of the climate zone of the Northwestern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in this period.
{"title":"Changes in the agrochemical indices of Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems under the impact of west Ukraine climate aridization","authors":"V. Polovyy, P. Hnativ, J. Chojnicki, N. Lahush, V. Ivaniuk, Mariya Avhustynovych, O. Haskevych, L. Lukashchuk, M. Lukyanik","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/146855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/146855","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agriculture has not been so strongly affected by the climate change we are seeing today. There are no systematic studies and predictions regarding the response of soils to rising air temperatures and changes in the water supply of landscape ecosystems. Ultimately, it is unknown how climate fl uctuations affect the balance of nutrients and humus in soil depending on the crops grown. There is not enough scientifi c data to indicate that warming or aridization affect the effi ciency of plant fertilizers. Our aim is to fi nd out how changes in the climate of the Western Ukrainian mesoclimate interacts with the trends in soil processes and crop yields in the Northwestern Forest-Steppe. We analysed the weather data from 1945–2018 provided by the Rivne State Weather Station (Ukraine) and the crop yields of the Main Directorate of Statistics of Ukraine in Rivne region. Field studies were conducted in the conditions of the Northwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 1960–2018 at the stationary fi eld experiments of the Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems (WRB. 2015) of the Institute of Agriculture of the Western Polissia of NAAS (Ukraine). Laboratory analyses were performed using standard techniques. Observations of climatic processes have allowed us to offer polynomial models that confi rm, with high degree of certainty, the steady trend of regional climate change towards warming in the Northwestern Forest Steppe of Ukraine (an average annual temperature R2 = 0.76; the sum of T >5°C R2 = 0.91 and the sum T >10°C R2 = 0.90. Rainfall has declined sharply in the last fi ve years, signifi cantly limiting soil moisture resources. There was a steady tendency towards aridization of the agrolandscape mezoclimate. We cannot say that climate warming has had a signifi cant impact on increasing the nutrient content of soils to contribute to a signifi cant increase in crop yields in the absence of fi eld fertilization. However, crop production of Rivne region (Ukraine), N, P and K application rates have increased periodically over the whole observed period of 1960–2001. There has been a steady upward trend in fertilizer application rates since 2000 and agricultural harvests have been steadily growing together with the warming of the climate zone of the Northwestern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in this period.","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"34 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinity (SS) is one of many constraints to sustainable crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. With increasing the areas of saline soils in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh, it is of utmost importance to observe the variations in SS at a spatio-temporal scale. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the degree and extent of SS as well as the concentrations of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extractable and water (H2O) soluble cations along with anions using laboratory and GIS techniques. In connection with this, the middle part of Roypur Union of Anowara Upazila was divided into three different zones considering cropping intensity and location of sampling sites. The representative soil samples were collected from each zone in the pre-monsoon (April) and postmonsoon (December) periods of the year 2018. The results indicate distinct analytical and mapping differences in SS of the studied area in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The correlation of EC with all of the cations and anions was found positive in both seasons. Furthermore, the mean values of EC along with NH4OAc extractable and H2O soluble cations as well as anions of all the sampling sites varied signifi cantly (p<0.01). The fi ndings of this study successfully indicate the variations in degree and extent of the SS which would help in coping with the suitable crops to grow. Keywords
{"title":"Study of spatio-temporal variations of soil salinity in the south-eastern coastal part of Bangladesh","authors":"Sajal Roy, B. Nath, Nasrin Chowdhury","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/144725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/144725","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity (SS) is one of many constraints to sustainable crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. With increasing the areas of saline soils in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh, it is of utmost importance to observe the variations in SS at a spatio-temporal scale. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the degree and extent of SS as well as the concentrations of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extractable and water (H2O) soluble cations along with anions using laboratory and GIS techniques. In connection with this, the middle part of Roypur Union of Anowara Upazila was divided into three different zones considering cropping intensity and location of sampling sites. The representative soil samples were collected from each zone in the pre-monsoon (April) and postmonsoon (December) periods of the year 2018. The results indicate distinct analytical and mapping differences in SS of the studied area in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The correlation of EC with all of the cations and anions was found positive in both seasons. Furthermore, the mean values of EC along with NH4OAc extractable and H2O soluble cations as well as anions of all the sampling sites varied signifi cantly (p<0.01). The fi ndings of this study successfully indicate the variations in degree and extent of the SS which would help in coping with the suitable crops to grow. Keywords","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74465666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 University of Debrecen, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Böszörményi út 138, H4032, Debrecen, Hungary 2 Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science, 3017 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, OR 97331, Corvallis, USA 3 Lund University, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Department of Food Technology, John Ericssons väg 3, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 4 University of Nyiregyhaza, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Sóstóiút 31/B, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
1德布勒森大学农业化学与土壤科学研究所，Böszörményi út 138, H4032，匈牙利德布勒森2俄勒冈州立大学作物与土壤科学系，3017农业与生命科学大楼，OR 97331，美国科瓦利斯3隆德大学工程与营养学院，工程学院，食品技术系，约翰·埃里克森väg 3, SE-221，瑞典隆德4尼雷吉哈扎大学环境科学研究所，Sóstóiút 31/B，H-4400 Nyiregyhaza，匈牙利
{"title":"Field-flow fractionation and gel permeation methods for total soil fungal mass determination","authors":"Á. Béni, K. Lajtha, Daniel Osorio, I. Fekete","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/143901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/143901","url":null,"abstract":"1 University of Debrecen, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Böszörményi út 138, H4032, Debrecen, Hungary 2 Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science, 3017 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, OR 97331, Corvallis, USA 3 Lund University, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Department of Food Technology, John Ericssons väg 3, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 4 University of Nyiregyhaza, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Sóstóiút 31/B, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86018635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural use of rusty soils in Poland","authors":"B. Smreczak, J. Jadczyszyn, J. Niedźwiecki","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/145586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/145586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75882153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil loss by lateral fl ow is a critical bother in the Oued Laou basin due to the steepness of its landscape relief and the considerable deference altitudinal between the upstream and downstream area. Those predispositions highly increase soil vulnerability to the risk of erosion indeed; tones of sediment are transported each year, causing signifi cant damages regarding structures and waterworks such as siltation. For this reason, this work focus on the merging of remote sensing techniques, GIS, and the Revised Universal Soil Loss (RUSLE) Equation to quantitatively evaluate soil erosion severity as well as highlight the most erosion-prone areas in the Oued Laou basin, Northwestern Morocco. Accordingly, the study site area was arranged into six soil erosion risk categories: very slight (25.3%), slight (12.4%), moderate (40.5 %), intense (12.2%), very intense, (5%) and severe (4.6%). Moderate to severe soil loss rates that are correlated to abrupt slopes defi ned most of the basin area. In addition to the spatial distribution of soil severity classes over the study area, the average annual soil erosion rate was estimated to be 31.5 t ha–1 year–1 in the Oued Laou watershed. The latter amount was compared to many previous studies that have been carried out in the surrounding basins based on RUSLE or other techniques to validate the model accuracy. Keywords
由于乌老盆地地势陡峭，且上下游高度差异较大，侧向流造成的水土流失是该流域的一个严重问题。这些倾向确实极大地增加了土壤对侵蚀风险的脆弱性;每年都有大量的泥沙被运输，对建筑物和水利设施造成严重的破坏，如淤积。因此，这项工作的重点是将遥感技术、地理信息系统和修订的通用土壤流失量(RUSLE)方程结合起来，定量评估土壤侵蚀严重程度，并突出摩洛哥西北部Oued Laou盆地最容易发生侵蚀的地区。据此，将研究区划分为极轻微(25.3%)、轻微(12.4%)、中度(40.5%)、强烈(12.2%)、非常强烈(5%)和严重(4.6%)6个土壤侵蚀风险等级。与陡坡相关的中度至重度土壤流失率决定了大部分流域面积。除研究区土壤严重程度的空间分布外，还估算出乌老流域年平均土壤侵蚀速率为31.5 t ha-1 - 1。将后一个量与之前基于RUSLE或其他技术在周围盆地进行的许多研究进行比较，以验证模型的准确性。关键字
{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion risk severity using GIS, remote sensing and RUSLE model in Oued Laou Basin (north Morocco)","authors":"Omayma Amellah, Karim el Morabiti","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/142530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/142530","url":null,"abstract":"Soil loss by lateral fl ow is a critical bother in the Oued Laou basin due to the steepness of its landscape relief and the considerable deference altitudinal between the upstream and downstream area. Those predispositions highly increase soil vulnerability to the risk of erosion indeed; tones of sediment are transported each year, causing signifi cant damages regarding structures and waterworks such as siltation. For this reason, this work focus on the merging of remote sensing techniques, GIS, and the Revised Universal Soil Loss (RUSLE) Equation to quantitatively evaluate soil erosion severity as well as highlight the most erosion-prone areas in the Oued Laou basin, Northwestern Morocco. Accordingly, the study site area was arranged into six soil erosion risk categories: very slight (25.3%), slight (12.4%), moderate (40.5 %), intense (12.2%), very intense, (5%) and severe (4.6%). Moderate to severe soil loss rates that are correlated to abrupt slopes defi ned most of the basin area. In addition to the spatial distribution of soil severity classes over the study area, the average annual soil erosion rate was estimated to be 31.5 t ha–1 year–1 in the Oued Laou watershed. The latter amount was compared to many previous studies that have been carried out in the surrounding basins based on RUSLE or other techniques to validate the model accuracy. Keywords","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81253496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rusty soils cover about 15% of Poland’s territory and they are the most important type of soil used in the forest management. Polish soil scientists know these soils very well but, unfortunately it seems, that students who come to environmental studies know very little about them–less than about other soil units. Does electing rusty soil as the Polish Soil of the Year 2021 present an opportunity to change that? The aim of this paper is to diagnose what is the availability of information on rusty soils at the level of education in secondary schools and what is the state of knowledge about these soils in the broad non-academic community. Three main research methods were used: querying geography textbooks, querying internet sources and survey method. Information on rusty soils is rather not presented in textbooks. Of the 17 analysed websites – 8 lack any information on those soils. Coeffi cient of Information Availability (CIA) for rusty soils is one of two lowest among all studied units. Respondents assessed the knowledge of rusty soils lower than most of other Polish soils but they would like to learn more about them. Additionally, the low level of knowledge about it does not reduce its recognition: respondents had no problem to recognize rusty soil on the base of photograph and to distinguish the correct number of genetic horizons. The Year of Rusty Soil is a great opportunity to introduce young people to these soils. Field lessons can combine soil education with ecological issues. Rusty soils can be seen as optimal choice for these activities. These soils could be an perfect type to increase public awareness of soils at all but especially with regard to common soils important to our local environment. Keywords
{"title":"Rusty soils – “lost” in school education","authors":"M. Urbańska, P. Charzyński, M. Świtoniak","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/143466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/143466","url":null,"abstract":"Rusty soils cover about 15% of Poland’s territory and they are the most important type of soil used in the forest management. Polish soil scientists know these soils very well but, unfortunately it seems, that students who come to environmental studies know very little about them–less than about other soil units. Does electing rusty soil as the Polish Soil of the Year 2021 present an opportunity to change that? The aim of this paper is to diagnose what is the availability of information on rusty soils at the level of education in secondary schools and what is the state of knowledge about these soils in the broad non-academic community. Three main research methods were used: querying geography textbooks, querying internet sources and survey method. Information on rusty soils is rather not presented in textbooks. Of the 17 analysed websites – 8 lack any information on those soils. Coeffi cient of Information Availability (CIA) for rusty soils is one of two lowest among all studied units. Respondents assessed the knowledge of rusty soils lower than most of other Polish soils but they would like to learn more about them. Additionally, the low level of knowledge about it does not reduce its recognition: respondents had no problem to recognize rusty soil on the base of photograph and to distinguish the correct number of genetic horizons. The Year of Rusty Soil is a great opportunity to introduce young people to these soils. Field lessons can combine soil education with ecological issues. Rusty soils can be seen as optimal choice for these activities. These soils could be an perfect type to increase public awareness of soils at all but especially with regard to common soils important to our local environment. Keywords","PeriodicalId":44772,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Annual","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75491358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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