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The Native American Adoption of Chilies During the 18th Century in Arizona 18世纪亚利桑那州印第安人对辣椒的采用
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2021.1896179
M. Diehl, D. Lundin, R. Ciaccio, J. Thiel
Despite the analyses of thousands of flotation samples from Arizona and New Mexico, domesticated chili peppers are absent in the prehistoric record, and only one specimen of the chiltipine or “wild bird pepper” has been observed. In contrast, chilies have been identified in late prehistoric contexts near the site of Paquimé, Chihuahua, Mexico. Minnis and Whalen surmise, based on the absence of chili seeds, that an aversion to pungent flavors kept chilies out of Arizona and New Mexico until the arrival of colonizing Spaniards. In this article we report on the recent the discovery of charred chili seeds in two Arizona protohistoric Native American contexts. Based on other charred seeds found along with the chilies, in Arizona and New Mexico, we contend that the resistance to pungent flavors was mitigated by using chilies in combination with sweet flavors resulting in an emergent new Southwestern cuisine.
尽管对来自亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州的数千个浮选样本进行了分析,但在史前记录中没有驯化的辣椒,只有一个chiltipine或“野鸟椒”的标本被观察到。相比之下,在墨西哥奇瓦瓦州paquim遗址附近的史前晚期发现了辣椒。Minnis和Whalen根据辣椒籽的缺失推测,在西班牙殖民者到来之前,对辛辣味道的厌恶使辣椒远离了亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州。在这篇文章中,我们报告了最近在亚利桑那州的两个史前美洲原住民环境中发现的烧焦的辣椒种子。根据在亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州发现的与辣椒一起的其他烧焦的种子,我们认为,通过将辣椒与甜味结合使用,减轻了对辛辣味道的抵抗力,从而形成了一种新兴的西南美食。
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引用次数: 1
Researching My Heritage: The Old Leupp Boarding School Historic Site 研究我的遗产:旧Leupp寄宿学校历史遗址
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2021.1892928
Davina R. Two Bears
My research documents the early history of the Old Leupp Boarding School, a U.S. federal Indian boarding school in operation on the Navajo Reservation from 1909-1942. In keeping with Diné (Navajo) cultural teachings, I utilize non-destructive research methods, including a critical analysis of archival records, historic photographs, and oral history interviews with Navajo elders who attended school at Leupp, to demonstrate how Navajo students and their families resisted the U.S. federal government’s assimilationist educational policies during the early twentieth century. These accounts of Diné survivance and the continuance of k’e relationships demonstrate the importance and power of conducting oral history research in support of traditional archaeological work at historic Navajo sites.
我的研究记录了Old Leupp寄宿学校的早期历史,这是一所美国联邦印第安人寄宿学校,从1909年到1942年在纳瓦霍保留地运作。为了与纳瓦霍文化教学保持一致,我利用非破坏性的研究方法,包括对档案记录、历史照片的批判性分析,以及对在Leupp上学的纳瓦霍长老的口述历史采访,来展示纳瓦霍学生和他们的家庭如何抵制20世纪初美国联邦政府的同化主义教育政策。这些关于恐龙生存和他们关系延续的描述表明了进行口述历史研究以支持纳瓦霍历史遗址传统考古工作的重要性和力量。
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引用次数: 4
Na’nilkad bee na’niltin – Learning from Herding: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Historic Pastoralism on the Navajo Nation Na'nilkad bee Na'nintin——从放牧中学习:纳瓦霍民族历史田园主义的民族考古学研究
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2021.1893456
W. Campbell
The scale and intensity of Navajo (Diné) sheepherding in the American Southwest has varied substantially over the centuries. In the 150 years since the signing of the Navajo Treaty of 1868, a variety of internal and external pressures have impacted the traditional pastoral practices of Diné communities. Phase 1 of the Early Navajo Pastoral Landscape Project focused on ethnoarchaeological investigations of the history, settlement patterns, and pastoral land usage of one Navajo family in Black Mesa Chapter, Arizona, Navajo Nation. This article presents the project’s findings and discusses their implications within the context of local and regional events, as well as methodological concerns relevant to the identification of sheepherding sites across the Navajo Nation and beyond.
几个世纪以来,美国西南部纳瓦霍牧羊的规模和强度发生了巨大变化。自1868年签署《纳瓦霍条约》以来的150年里,各种内部和外部压力影响了Diné社区的传统牧业习俗。早期纳瓦霍牧民景观项目的第一阶段重点是对纳瓦霍民族亚利桑那州布莱克梅萨分会一个纳瓦霍家庭的历史、定居模式和牧场使用进行民族考古调查。本文介绍了该项目的调查结果,并讨论了其在当地和地区事件背景下的影响,以及与确定纳瓦霍族及其他地区牧羊场相关的方法问题。
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引用次数: 2
Understanding Past Climate-Related Migration for Our Warming World 了解我们正在变暖的世界过去与气候有关的移民
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2021.1880170
Scott E Ingram, K. Schollmeyer
As anthropogenic climate warming and associated climate extremes increase, insights from a century of effort in the US Southwest to understand climate-related migration should be shared to assist with modern drought planning efforts. Toward this end, we make two parallel contributions. First, we contribute a surprising finding from our work in the Mimbres area of the AD 1100s and the central Arizona area during the AD 1200–1450 period. We find people with access to the most water in this arid landscape were also the most likely to migrate when confronted with dry conditions. Second, we use these results to demonstrate how the past can be helpful to modern drought planners and others preparing for a warming climate. Millions of smallholder farmers today practice agricultural strategies similar to those in the past. We aim to stimulate archaeological efforts to address the challenges of a warming world.
随着人为气候变暖和相关极端气候的增加,应该分享美国西南部一个世纪以来为了解气候相关移民所做的努力的见解,以帮助现代干旱规划工作。为此,我们作出了两项平行的贡献。首先,我们在公元1100年代的Mimbres地区和公元1200-1450年代的亚利桑那州中部地区的工作中做出了一个令人惊讶的发现。我们发现,在这片干旱的土地上,能获得最多水的人在面临干旱条件时也最有可能迁移。其次,我们用这些结果来证明过去如何有助于现代干旱规划者和其他为气候变暖做准备的人。今天,数以百万计的小农户实行与过去类似的农业战略。我们的目标是刺激考古工作,以应对世界变暖的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Maize Dependence among the Sevier Puebloans 塞维尔普韦布洛人对玉米的依赖
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2021.1877929
N. Coulam
Some archaeologists have argued that the Formative-era villagers of the Sevier River region in the eastern Great Basin were primarily foragers whose economy was dependent upon marsh resources, especially cattails. This paper compiles multiple lines of evidence from Backhoe Village and other Sevier villages to show that subsistence was based on maize agriculture, not foraging for wild resources.
一些考古学家认为,大盆地东部塞维尔河地区形成时代的村民主要是觅食者,他们的经济依赖于沼泽资源,尤其是香蒲。本文汇编了Backhoe村和其他Sevier村的多条证据,表明生存是基于玉米农业,而不是寻找野生资源。
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引用次数: 0
Indoor Air Pollution, Gender and Illness at the Montezuma Castle Cliff Dwelling 蒙特祖玛城堡悬崖住宅的室内空气污染、性别和疾病
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1871255
Matthew C. Guebard
This paper outlines an experiment to investigate the health burden of exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) at the Montezuma Castle cliff dwelling (AZ O:5:14 [ASM]) using ethnographic analogy, experimental archaeology and contemporary medical data. Hearths inside the rooms of Montezuma Castle, along with sooting on ancient walls and roof beams suggest that inhabitants were exposed to smoke-filled air and at risk for serious short and long-term health problems. To explore this idea, air quality measurements were collected in a replicated pueblo room while wood was burned to produce smoke. These measurements are compared to contemporary medical data and along with the use of ethnographic analogy and archaeological data, suggest that women and children were routinely exposed to wood smoke and at risk for developing IAP-related illnesses. The results of this study also suggest that IAP-related illness had an impact on individual households including decision making, family dynamics and overall productivity.
本文采用民族志类比、实验考古学和当代医学数据,对蒙特祖玛城堡悬崖民居(AZ O:5:14 [ASM])暴露于室内空气污染(IAP)的健康负担进行了研究。蒙特祖玛城堡房间内的壁炉,以及古老墙壁和屋顶横梁上的煤烟表明,居民暴露在烟雾弥漫的空气中,面临着严重的短期和长期健康问题的风险。为了探索这个想法,在一个复制的普韦布洛房间里收集空气质量测量数据,同时燃烧木材产生烟雾。将这些测量结果与当代医学数据进行比较,并使用人种学类比和考古数据,结果表明,妇女和儿童经常暴露在木材烟雾中,有患iap相关疾病的风险。本研究的结果还表明,与iap相关的疾病对个体家庭的决策、家庭动态和整体生产力产生了影响。
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引用次数: 2
A Buried Middle Archaic Site in the Tucson Basin 图森盆地一处被埋葬的中世纪遗址
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1871256
B. Huckell, J. Birkmann, C. Haynes
Despite great gains in knowledge about the Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period in the Tucson Basin, understanding of the Middle Archaic period remains slim. This paper reports on volunteer investigations at three buried Archaic sites within the Santa Cruz River floodplain: the Joe Ben Site (AZ BB:13:11), AZ BB:13:70, and an unnumbered locus north of the latter. The AZ BB:13:70 artifact assemblage and the Joe Ben site records suggest small-scale, short-term, repeated use of this portion of the Santa Cruz floodplain and the Santa Rita bajada by foragers between 4200 and 5100 BP, continuing into the Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period. Though assumed to be absent within the southern Southwest during the Middle and Late Holocene, the skull of a juvenile bison at AZ BB:13:70 and post-cranial bison bones at the unnumbered locus indicate their sporadic presence within the Tucson Basin during this period and their occasional exploitation by Middle Archaic hunters.
尽管对图森盆地的晚期古代/早期农业时期的了解有了很大的进步,但对中期古代时期的了解仍然很少。本文报告了志愿者对圣克鲁斯河泛滥平原内三个被埋葬的古代遗址的调查:乔本遗址(AZ BB:13:11)、AZ BB13:70,以及后者以北的一个未编号的地点。AZ BB:13:70人工制品组合和Joe Ben遗址记录表明,在公元前4200年至5100年期间,觅食者对圣克鲁斯河漫滩和Santa Rita bajada的这一部分进行了小规模、短期、重复的使用,一直持续到古代晚期/农业早期。尽管被认为在全新世中后期西南部不存在,但AZ BB:13:70的幼年野牛头骨和未编号位置的后颅野牛骨骼表明,在这一时期,它们在图森盆地内零星存在,偶尔被中世纪猎人利用。
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引用次数: 0
An Early Military Macaw from Cueva de Avendaños, Chihuahua 奇瓦瓦阿文达尼奥斯洞穴的早期军用猕猴
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1870030
Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta, P. Gilman, S. Plog, D. Kennett
During a 2016 archaeological salvage project in the municipality of San Francisco de Borja, Chihuahua, the mummified head of an adult military macaw (Ara militaris) was recorded from a rock shelter. Because of their aesthetic beauty and colorful plumage, macaws occupied an important place within the collective imagination of the pre-Hispanic communities. Macaws and macaw feathers also were important ritual and social symbols, often used in Pueblo ceremonial regalia. Radiocarbon analysis of the macaw has produced a Late Archaic calibrated date range of 150 BC – AD 20, making this the earliest macaw by several hundred years in northwestern Mexico or the southwestern United States. Stable carbon isotopes in this macaw were comparable to maize-fed domesticated turkeys from the Southwest suggesting some form of animal husbandry by this time. Our discussion includes comparison with the handful of other military macaws from pre-Hispanic contexts in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
2016年,在奇瓦瓦州旧金山德博尔亚市的一个考古打捞项目中,一只成年军事金刚鹦鹉(Ara militari)的头部木乃伊在岩石避难所被记录下来。由于其美丽的美学和丰富多彩的羽毛,金刚鹦鹉在前西班牙裔社区的集体想象中占有重要地位。金刚鹦鹉和金刚鹦鹉羽毛也是重要的仪式和社会象征,经常用于普韦布洛的仪式服饰。对金刚鹦鹉的放射性碳分析得出了公元前150年至公元20年的晚期古猿校准日期范围,使其成为墨西哥西北部或美国西南部数百年来最早的金刚鹦鹉。这种金刚鹦鹉体内的稳定碳同位素与来自西南部的玉米饲养的驯养火鸡相当,这表明当时存在某种形式的畜牧业。我们的讨论包括与墨西哥西北部和美国西南部前西班牙裔背景下的少数其他军用金刚鹦鹉进行比较。
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引用次数: 4
Inferring the Relationships of the Gallina and Pottery Mound Pueblo Populations Using Craniometric and Dental Morphological Biodistance 利用颅骨和牙齿形态生物距离推断加利纳和陶丘普韦布洛人群的关系
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1866327
Lexi O’Donnell, M. Schillaci
This article examines the biological relationships of two groups from the precontact Southwestern United States: the Gallina of Northern New Mexico and Pottery Mound Pueblo in the Middle Rio Grande region of New Mexico. These two groups existed at different times and differ considerably in their social conditions and cultural traditions. We examine geographic and temporal structure of relationships by testing an isolation by distance model. We also test whether correlations exist between results from craniometric and dental datasets. Included are individuals from eleven geographic and ancestral linguistic groupings. No correlations exist between the dental and craniometric data, but results for both data types revealed a similar pattern of relationships. The Gallina may have moved to the Middle Rio Grande in the late 1200s AD and the populations from La Plata Highway and Pottery Mound are similar. Our results do not support isolation by temporal or geographic distance models.
本文研究了来自美国西南部接触前的两个族群的生物学关系:新墨西哥州北部的加里纳族和新墨西哥州中部里约热内卢格兰德地区的陶土丘普韦布洛族。这两个群体存在于不同的时代,他们的社会条件和文化传统有很大的不同。我们通过测试距离隔离模型来检查关系的地理和时间结构。我们还测试了颅测量结果和牙科数据集之间是否存在相关性。包括来自11个地理和祖先语言群体的个体。牙齿和颅骨测量数据之间不存在相关性,但两种数据类型的结果显示了相似的关系模式。加利纳人可能在公元1200年代晚期搬到了中部的里约热内卢格兰德,拉普拉塔高速公路和陶器丘的人口相似。我们的结果不支持时间或地理距离模型的隔离。
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引用次数: 2
Time and Space: New Extents for University Indian Ruin, AZ BB:9:33 (ASM) 时间和空间:大学印度废墟的新范围,AZ BB:9:33 (ASM)
IF 0.3 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1857155
S. Hart
University Indian Ruin (UIR), located in the eastern Tucson Basin, is a prime example of a Classic period Hohokam platform mound archaeological site. The extent of the UIR site has long been understood to stretch beyond its administrative boundaries. This research investigated the UIR site boundary using Identification Testing and provided a new, larger border to the site. Results from surface and subsurface investigations also indicated a longer occupation at University Indian Ruin than was previously understood – stretching back to at least the Pre-Classic period. Collaboration with local residents on the project led to the donation of artifacts from a private residence that improved the conclusions presented here.
位于图森盆地东部的大学印第安人遗址(UIR)是典型的Hohokam平台丘考古遗址。长期以来,人们一直认为UIR网站的范围超出了其行政边界。这项研究使用识别测试调查了UIR网站的边界,并为网站提供了一个新的、更大的边界。地表和地下调查的结果也表明,大学印第安人遗址的占用时间比以前所了解的要长——至少可以追溯到古典主义之前。与当地居民在该项目上的合作导致了一处私人住宅的文物捐赠,这改善了这里提出的结论。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
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