The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned and accepted for publication by Elizabeth Kocs, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2015-2018.
本文由2015-2018年担任本刊总编辑的Elizabeth Kocs委托并接受发表。
{"title":"Erratum: Energy transformation and energy storage in the Midwest and beyond - ADDENDUM","authors":"E. Anderson","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned and accepted for publication by Elizabeth Kocs, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2015-2018.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46009655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rambabu Yalavarthi, Olivier Henrotte, A. Minguzzi, P. Ghigna, D. Grave, A. Naldoni
Environmental concerns deriving from fossil fuel dependency are driving an energy transition based on sustainable processes to make fuels and chemicals. Solar hydrogen is the pillar of this new green economy, but the technological readiness level of PV electrolysis and direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrolysis are still too low to allow broad commercialization. Direct conversion through PEC technology has more potential in the medium–long term but must be first guided by the scientific enhancements to improve device efficiencies. For this purpose, in situ and operando photoelectrochemistry will guide the discovery of new materials and processes to make solar fuels and chemicals in PEC cells. The use of advanced in situ and operando characterizations under working photoelectrochemical (PEC) conditions is reviewed here and anticipated to be a fundamental tool for achieving a basic understanding of new PEC processes and for enabling the large-scale development of PEC technology by 2050, thus delivering fuels and chemicals having zero (or negative) carbon footprint. Hydrogen from solar water splitting is the most popular solar fuel and can be mainly produced by indirect photovoltaic-driven electrolysis (PV electrolysis) and direct photoelectrochemistry. Although PV electrolysis has already been developed on a level of MW-scale pilot plants, PEC technology, which is much less mature, holds several advantages in the long term over PV-electrolysis systems. The key enabling feature to developing PEC technology is the improvement of the photoelectrode materials which are responsible for the absorption of light, and transport of the photo-generated charge carriers to drive the electrochemical surface reaction. These processes are often complex and multistep, spanning multiple timescales and following the simultaneous detection of photoelectrodes modification and formation of reaction intermediates/products can be achieved using eight well-known characterization techniques here presented.
{"title":"In situ characterizations of photoelectrochemical cells for solar fuels and chemicals","authors":"Rambabu Yalavarthi, Olivier Henrotte, A. Minguzzi, P. Ghigna, D. Grave, A. Naldoni","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.37","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental concerns deriving from fossil fuel dependency are driving an energy transition based on sustainable processes to make fuels and chemicals. Solar hydrogen is the pillar of this new green economy, but the technological readiness level of PV electrolysis and direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrolysis are still too low to allow broad commercialization. Direct conversion through PEC technology has more potential in the medium–long term but must be first guided by the scientific enhancements to improve device efficiencies. For this purpose, in situ and operando photoelectrochemistry will guide the discovery of new materials and processes to make solar fuels and chemicals in PEC cells. The use of advanced in situ and operando characterizations under working photoelectrochemical (PEC) conditions is reviewed here and anticipated to be a fundamental tool for achieving a basic understanding of new PEC processes and for enabling the large-scale development of PEC technology by 2050, thus delivering fuels and chemicals having zero (or negative) carbon footprint. Hydrogen from solar water splitting is the most popular solar fuel and can be mainly produced by indirect photovoltaic-driven electrolysis (PV electrolysis) and direct photoelectrochemistry. Although PV electrolysis has already been developed on a level of MW-scale pilot plants, PEC technology, which is much less mature, holds several advantages in the long term over PV-electrolysis systems. The key enabling feature to developing PEC technology is the improvement of the photoelectrode materials which are responsible for the absorption of light, and transport of the photo-generated charge carriers to drive the electrochemical surface reaction. These processes are often complex and multistep, spanning multiple timescales and following the simultaneous detection of photoelectrodes modification and formation of reaction intermediates/products can be achieved using eight well-known characterization techniques here presented.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/mre.2020.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned for publication by Elizabeth Kocs, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2015-2018.
{"title":"Erratum: Deep decarbonization efforts in Norway for energy sustainability - ADDENDUM","authors":"T. Norby, Emil H. Jensen, S. Sartori","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned for publication by Elizabeth Kocs, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2015-2018.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42537826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned and accepted for publication by David Cahen, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2014-2018.
本文由2014-2018年担任本刊总编辑的David Cahen委托并接受发表。
{"title":"Erratum: Parametrization of intensive global climate change indicators on a level of sovereign states and governments - ADDENDUM","authors":"M. Tomkiewicz","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"The following footnote should be included in this article [1]: This paper was commissioned and accepted for publication by David Cahen, who served as Editor-in-Chief of this journal from 2014-2018.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45218089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an electricity-free method for cooling terrestrial entities. In PDRC, a surface has a solar reflectance of nearly 1 to avoid solar heating and a high emittance close to 1 in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) transparent window of the atmosphere (wavelength λ = 8–13 μm) for radiating heat to the cold sky. This allows the surface to passively achieve sub-ambient cooling. PDRC requires careful tuning of optical reflectance in the wide optical spectrum, and various strategies have been proposed in the last decade, some of which are under commercialization. PDRC can be used in a variety of applications, such as building envelopes, containers, and vehicles. This perspective describes the principle and applications of various PDRC strategies and analyzes the cost, and economic and environmental consequences. Potential challenges and possible future directions are also discussed.
{"title":"Passive daytime radiative cooling: Principle, application, and economic analysis","authors":"Yuan Yang, Yifan Zhang","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.18","url":null,"abstract":"Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an electricity-free method for cooling terrestrial entities. In PDRC, a surface has a solar reflectance of nearly 1 to avoid solar heating and a high emittance close to 1 in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) transparent window of the atmosphere (wavelength λ = 8–13 μm) for radiating heat to the cold sky. This allows the surface to passively achieve sub-ambient cooling. PDRC requires careful tuning of optical reflectance in the wide optical spectrum, and various strategies have been proposed in the last decade, some of which are under commercialization. PDRC can be used in a variety of applications, such as building envelopes, containers, and vehicles. This perspective describes the principle and applications of various PDRC strategies and analyzes the cost, and economic and environmental consequences. Potential challenges and possible future directions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/mre.2020.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electric industry is transitioning to higher penetrations of renewables. Hundred per cent renewable penetration is no longer a pipe dream. Rather than by doubling down on existing renewable technologies, we can achieve it by cohesively focusing on the ‘needs’ and working on regulation (regulation should focus on holistic grid needs), operations (e.g., markets and balancing authority products), and innovation (e.g., newer technologies like hydrogen).
{"title":"The pathway to 100% renewable must include changes in regulation, focus on operations, and promotion of innovation","authors":"R. Konidena, V. Bhandari","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"The electric industry is transitioning to higher penetrations of renewables. Hundred per cent renewable penetration is no longer a pipe dream. Rather than by doubling down on existing renewable technologies, we can achieve it by cohesively focusing on the ‘needs’ and working on regulation (regulation should focus on holistic grid needs), operations (e.g., markets and balancing authority products), and innovation (e.g., newer technologies like hydrogen).","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/mre.2020.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongli Xu, Jingbing Xie, Zhongbo Liu, Jun Wang, Yonghong Deng
Solid polymer electrolytes are a crucial class of compounds in the next-generation solid-state lithium batteries featured by high safety and extraordinary energy density. This review highlights the importance of carbonyl-coordinating polymer-based solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation safe and high–energy density lithium metal batteries, unraveling their synthesis, sustainability, and electrochemical performance. With the massive consumption of fossil fuel in vehicles nowadays, the resulted air pollution and greenhouse gases issue have now aroused the global interest on the replacement of the internal combustion engines with engine systems using renewable energy. Thus, the commercial electric vehicle market is growing fast. As the requirement for longer driving distances and higher safety in commercial electric vehicles becomes more demanding, great endeavors have been devoted to developing the next-generation solid-state lithium metal batteries using high-voltage cathode materials, e.g., high nickel (Ni) ternary active materials, LiCoO_2, and spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4. However, the most extensively investigated solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are based on polyether-based polymers, especially the archetypal poly(ethylene oxide), which are still suffering from low ionic conductivity (10^−7 to 10^−6 S/cm at room temperature), limited lithium ion transference number (<0.2), and narrow electrochemical stability window (<3.9 V), restricting this type of SPEs from realizing their full potential for the next-generation lithium-based energy storage technologies. As a promising class of alternative polymer hosts for SPEs, carbonyl-coordinating polymers have been extensively researched, exhibiting unique and promising electrochemical properties. Herein, the synthesis, sustainability, and electrochemical performance of carbonyl-coordinating SPEs for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries will be reviewed.
{"title":"Carbonyl-coordinating polymers for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries: Solid polymer electrolytes","authors":"Hongli Xu, Jingbing Xie, Zhongbo Liu, Jun Wang, Yonghong Deng","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"Solid polymer electrolytes are a crucial class of compounds in the next-generation solid-state lithium batteries featured by high safety and extraordinary energy density. This review highlights the importance of carbonyl-coordinating polymer-based solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation safe and high–energy density lithium metal batteries, unraveling their synthesis, sustainability, and electrochemical performance. With the massive consumption of fossil fuel in vehicles nowadays, the resulted air pollution and greenhouse gases issue have now aroused the global interest on the replacement of the internal combustion engines with engine systems using renewable energy. Thus, the commercial electric vehicle market is growing fast. As the requirement for longer driving distances and higher safety in commercial electric vehicles becomes more demanding, great endeavors have been devoted to developing the next-generation solid-state lithium metal batteries using high-voltage cathode materials, e.g., high nickel (Ni) ternary active materials, LiCoO_2, and spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4. However, the most extensively investigated solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are based on polyether-based polymers, especially the archetypal poly(ethylene oxide), which are still suffering from low ionic conductivity (10^−7 to 10^−6 S/cm at room temperature), limited lithium ion transference number (<0.2), and narrow electrochemical stability window (<3.9 V), restricting this type of SPEs from realizing their full potential for the next-generation lithium-based energy storage technologies. As a promising class of alternative polymer hosts for SPEs, carbonyl-coordinating polymers have been extensively researched, exhibiting unique and promising electrochemical properties. Herein, the synthesis, sustainability, and electrochemical performance of carbonyl-coordinating SPEs for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/mre.2020.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zvezdin, E. Mauro, D. Rho, C. Santato, Mohamed S. Khalil
Consumer electronics have caused an unsustainable amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Organic electronics, by means of eco-design, represent an opportunity to manufacture compostable electronic devices. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), or e-waste, is defined as the waste of any device that uses a power source and that has reached its end of life. Disposing of WEEE at landfill sites has been identified as an inefficient solid waste processing strategy as well as a threat to human health and the environment. In the effort to mitigate the problem, practices such as (i) designing products for durability, reparability, and safe recycling, and (ii) promoting closed-loop systems based on systematic collection and reuse/refurbishment have been identified. In this perspective, we introduce a complementary route to making electronics more sustainable: organic electronics based on biodegradable materials and devices. Biodegradable organic electronics lie at the intersection of research in chemistry, materials science, device engineering, bioelectronics, microbiology, and toxicology. The design of organic electronics for standardized biodegradability will allow composting to be an end-of-life option.
{"title":"En route toward sustainable organic electronics","authors":"A. Zvezdin, E. Mauro, D. Rho, C. Santato, Mohamed S. Khalil","doi":"10.1557/mre.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer electronics have caused an unsustainable amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Organic electronics, by means of eco-design, represent an opportunity to manufacture compostable electronic devices. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), or e-waste, is defined as the waste of any device that uses a power source and that has reached its end of life. Disposing of WEEE at landfill sites has been identified as an inefficient solid waste processing strategy as well as a threat to human health and the environment. In the effort to mitigate the problem, practices such as (i) designing products for durability, reparability, and safe recycling, and (ii) promoting closed-loop systems based on systematic collection and reuse/refurbishment have been identified. In this perspective, we introduce a complementary route to making electronics more sustainable: organic electronics based on biodegradable materials and devices. Biodegradable organic electronics lie at the intersection of research in chemistry, materials science, device engineering, bioelectronics, microbiology, and toxicology. The design of organic electronics for standardized biodegradability will allow composting to be an end-of-life option.","PeriodicalId":44802,"journal":{"name":"MRS Energy & Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/mre.2020.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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