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So far, Central Bank Digital Currencies have failed 迄今为止，中央银行的数字货币都失败了
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.12621
Kevin Dowd

This article examines the experiences of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) implemented so far. To date, CBDCs have been implemented in two countries (Finland and Ecuador) where they have failed and been abandoned. They have also been implemented in three Caribbean cases and in China and Nigeria; these five cases are ongoing. These experiences can be summarised as a series of abandoned experiments, embarrassing flops and monumental exercises in policymaker hubris, one of which has already produced a major disaster. In each case where data exist to assess the situation, the public demand for CBDCs has been extremely low. Experience suggests that CBDCs do not offer tangible benefits which existing alternatives cannot already deliver. One might speculate that future CBDCs will fail for similar reasons.

本文探讨了迄今为止中央银行数字货币（CBDCs）的实施经验。迄今为止，中央银行数字货币已在两个国家（芬兰和厄瓜多尔）实施，但均以失败告终。此外，还在加勒比地区的三个国家以及中国和尼日利亚实施了 CBDC；这五个国家的 CBDC 正在实施中。这些经验可以概括为一系列被放弃的试验、令人尴尬的失败和决策者的傲慢，其中一个已经造成了重大灾难。在每一个有数据评估的案例中，公众对社区发展中心的需求都非常低。经验表明，CBDC 并不能提供现有替代方案所不能提供的切实利益。我们可以推测，未来的社区发展中心也会因为类似的原因而失败。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction of Digitization and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Context of Sustainable Development 数字化与可持续发展背景下的企业社会责任的相互作用
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.23
Yurii , Zaitsev
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引用次数: 0
Financial Security in the Conditions of Globalization: Strategies and Mechanisms for the Protection of National Interests 全球化条件下的金融安全：保护国家利益的战略和机制
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.27
Oksana Desyatnyuk
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引用次数: 0
Digital Transformation in the Hotel and Restaurant Business: The Impact of Technologies on Hospitality Management and Services 酒店和餐饮业的数字化转型：技术对酒店管理和服务的影响
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.31
Valentina , Rusavska
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引用次数: 0
The Interaction between Regional Policy and Economic Development 区域政策与经济发展之间的互动
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.40
Maryna , Volosiuk
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引用次数: 0
Economic Integration and Cooperation in  the  Conditions of Globalization 全球化条件下的经济一体化与合作
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.38
Ievgen Akhromkin
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引用次数: 0
Innovative Enterprise: Risk Management Strategies of International Project Investments in the Era of Industry 4.0 创新型企业：工业 4.0 时代国际项目投资的风险管理策略
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.22
Iryna , Miahkykh
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引用次数: 0
Cooperation of International Organisations in Ensuring International Security: Challenges and Perspectives 国际组织在确保国际安全方面的合作：挑战与展望
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.34
Valentyna , Ksendzuk
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Global Trade Agreements and International Law in the Modern  World 全球贸易协定和国际法在现代世界的效力
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.30
Olga , Timchenko
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引用次数: 0
Financial Resources in State Authorities 国家机关的财政资源
IF 1.4 Q3 Social Sciences
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.28
Oleg , Diegtiar
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引用次数: 0
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