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Diverstity and centrism in two contrasting early childhood education and care systems: Slovakia and Indonesia compared 两种不同幼儿教育和保育制度的多样性和中间主义:斯洛伐克和印度尼西亚的比较
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0012
B. Pupala, H. Yulindrasari, Mariana Rahardjo
Abstract National early childhood education and care (ECEC) systems have been shaped by external influences and have taken different forms in developed countries than in post-colonial countries. This study systematically compares and examines the autonomous elements in national ECEC systems and the countervailing homogenisation process in Slovakia and Indonesia -two countries located in a different hemisphere with different historical, cultural, and political backgrounds. The study shows new rhetoric triggering different tendencies. In Slovakia, the “competency” and “standards” turn led to steps to increase ECEC institutions’ autonomy and give them greater power to create tailor-made education programmes. While in Indonesia, the turn went in the opposite direction, reinforcing curriculum centralisation and increasing its regulatory functions regarding ECEC. This shift towards the same discourse, terminology and concepts does not automatically trigger processes that lead to a significant similarity and the convergence between ECEC systems due to their specific historical, cultural, and political contexts.
摘要国家幼儿教育和保育系统受到外部影响,在发达国家采取了与后殖民国家不同的形式。本研究系统地比较和考察了斯洛伐克和印度尼西亚这两个位于不同半球、具有不同历史、文化和政治背景的国家的国家欧共体体系中的自治元素和反补贴同质化过程。研究表明,新的修辞手法会引发不同的倾向。在斯洛伐克,“能力”和“标准”的转变导致采取措施提高欧共体机构的自主权,并赋予它们更大的权力来创建量身定制的教育计划。而在印度尼西亚,情况正好相反,加强了课程集中化,并增加了其对欧共体的监管职能。由于特定的历史、文化和政治背景,这种向相同话语、术语和概念的转变不会自动触发导致欧共体系统之间显著相似和趋同的过程。
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引用次数: 2
Medium-specific aspects of digital reading and their impact on reading comprehension 数字阅读的媒介特性及其对阅读理解的影响
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0011
Zuzana Petrová
Abstract The paper analyses empirical research results comparing the impact of the medium (traditional, paper-based vs. screen-based) on the reading process and text comprehension. It focuses on two analytical approaches—the first looks at the construction of cognitive maps of texts and the other the material aspects of the medium – which enable readers to orientate themselves and to explore and interpret the text more comprehensively. The paper discusses differences in how readers approach textual meaning according to experience of using digital technologies, the text, and reader experience and abilities. It concludes by arguing that strengthening these individual experiences and abilities is key to effective inference of textual meaning.
摘要本文分析了实证研究结果,比较了媒介(传统媒介、纸质媒介和屏幕媒介)对阅读过程和文本理解的影响。它侧重于两种分析方法——第一种是文本认知图谱的构建,另一种是媒介的物质方面——使读者能够定位自己,更全面地探索和解释文本。本文讨论了读者根据使用数字技术的经验、文本以及读者的经验和能力来处理文本意义的差异。文章最后认为,加强这些个体的经验和能力是有效推断语篇意义的关键。
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引用次数: 1
Individual representations of love and their social and cultural resources 爱的个体表征及其社会文化资源
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0020
I. Lukšík, M. Guillaume
Abstract Many scholars consider love to be a complex phenomenon with multiple social, cultural and biological dimensions and contexts. The aim of this study was to examine individual representations of love among young people in emerging adulthood and the sources they are derived from. The survey completed by a sample of 397 young people aged 18–29 showed that all the representations of love can be structured into five factors of love: 1. strength and positive benefits of love, 2. physical love, commitment, searching and building, 3. biological and self-centred love, 4. the reverse side of love, and 5. spiritual love. Respondents were grouped into three profiles: 1. Strong, self-beneficial and relational love, 2. More explicit strong, self-beneficial and relational love, 3. Complex love. The general cultural resources for these factors and love profiles are Christian love and interpretations of socialised romantic love and their deconstructions.
摘要许多学者认为爱情是一种复杂的现象,具有多个社会、文化和生物维度和语境。这项研究的目的是检验成年后年轻人对爱的个体表征及其来源。这项由397名18-29岁的年轻人完成的调查表明,所有关于爱的表征都可以分为五个爱的因素:1。爱的力量和积极的好处,2。身体上的爱,承诺,寻找和建设,3。生物学和以自我为中心的爱,4。爱的反面,和5。精神上的爱。受访者被分为三组:1。强烈的、有益于自身和关系的爱。更明确的强烈、利己和关系型的爱,3。复杂的爱情。这些因素和爱情简介的一般文化资源是基督教的爱情和对社会化浪漫爱情的解释及其解构。
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引用次数: 0
Designing digital tools for quality assurance in 24-hour home-care in Austria 设计数字工具以确保奥地利24小时家庭护理的质量
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0016
Carina Hauser, Elisabeth Kupka-Klepsch, E. Haslinger-Baumann, Franz Werner
Abstract The cost-effectiveness of 24-hour care makes it a major source of support for elderly people in need of home-based care in Austria. Language barriers, feelings of isolation when living with chronically ill people and a lack of adequate training and quality control create stressful working conditions for 24-hour caregivers in Austria, who mainly come from Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. The challenges not only affect the 24-hour caregivers themselves but also their clients, relatives and registered care agency nurses in care settings. The aim of the qualitative study was to assess user needs in order to develop an app to improve working conditions and quality assurance in 24-hour home-care. The study consisted of guided interviews, focus group and cultural probes and 45 interviewees (24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, relatives and registered nurses). The collected data were analyzed using Kuckartz’s method of content structuring qualitative content analysis. The main results show that 24-hour caregivers predominantly require information about common geriatric diseases and the law on 24-hour care. Additionally, medical emergencies can cause insecurities, which creates high interest in professional emergency management skills. Clients and relatives are especially interested in 24-hour caregivers having better German language skills. Care agencies and registered nurses would particularly welcome electronic care documentation to ensure traceability of the activities and measures taken. The study points to the need for a digital tool that would meet demand for an appropriate assistance system for 24-hour home-care that complies with the AAL (active and assisted living) requirements of the aligned project. Therefore, the intended software solution meets challenges in 24-hour home-care for 24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, their relatives and professionals involved in the 24-hour care setting.
24小时护理的成本效益使其成为奥地利需要居家护理的老年人的主要支持来源。语言障碍、与慢性病患者一起生活时的孤立感以及缺乏适当的培训和质量控制,给奥地利24小时护理人员造成了压力很大的工作条件,这些护理人员主要来自斯洛伐克、匈牙利和罗马尼亚。这些挑战不仅影响到24小时护理人员本身,也影响到护理机构的客户、亲属和注册护理机构护士。定性研究的目的是评估用户需求,以便开发一款应用程序,以改善24小时家庭护理的工作条件和质量保证。本研究采用引导访谈法、焦点小组法和文化探究法,选取了45名受访者(24小时照护者、需要照护者、家属和注册护士)。采用库卡兹的内容结构化定性内容分析方法对收集到的数据进行分析。主要结果表明,24小时护理人员主要要求了解常见老年疾病和24小时护理法律。此外,医疗紧急情况会引起不安全感,这就产生了对专业应急管理技能的高度兴趣。客户和亲戚对24小时照顾的人尤其感兴趣,因为他们的德语水平更高。护理机构和注册护士特别欢迎电子护理文件,以确保所采取的活动和措施的可追溯性。该研究指出,需要一种数字工具,以满足对24小时家庭护理的适当援助系统的需求,该系统符合相关项目的AAL(积极和辅助生活)要求。因此,该软件解决方案在为24小时护理人员、需要照顾的人、他们的亲属和参与24小时护理的专业人员提供24小时居家护理方面遇到了挑战。
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引用次数: 2
For God and for nation! The ideologisation of schools and education under the changing relationship between church and state in Slovakia 为了上帝和国家!斯洛伐克政教关系变迁下学校与教育的意识形态化
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0013
O. Kaščák, Zuzana Danišková
Abstract The present study analyses education policy in Slovakia and determines the role of the church in education governance and the church–state relationship in education policy. The church–state relationship is also evident in the specific constellations of the national curriculum. The study highlights the de-secularisation trend in education policy and curricula and identifies the links between religious and nationalist education content, which are largely a relic of the historical (and controversial) era of Slovak statehood building. It also analyses Ethical Education, which is a specific (and internationally unique) school subject in Slovakia that has been shaped by a particular church–state ‘ideological governing form’.
摘要本研究分析了斯洛伐克的教育政策,确定了教会在教育治理中的作用以及教会与国家在教育政策中的关系。政教关系在国家课程的具体排列中也很明显。该研究强调了教育政策和课程中的非世俗化趋势,并确定了宗教和民族主义教育内容之间的联系,这在很大程度上是斯洛伐克建国历史(和有争议的)时代的遗迹。它还分析了道德教育,这是斯洛伐克一门特殊的(也是国际上独特的)学校学科,它被一种特殊的教会-国家“意识形态统治形式”所塑造。
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引用次数: 0
A misfortune or a benefit? Young people’s quality of life and romantic relationships during the Covid-19 pandemic 是祸还是利?Covid-19大流行期间年轻人的生活质量和恋爱关系
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0019
Nikola Kallová, Denisa Hnatkovičová, I. Lukšík
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unexpected changes in important aspects of young people’s lives. The academic literature contains many studies on the risks and adverse effects, while any potential positive aspects have been side-lined. This paper examines quality of life and relationships among young people in emerging and young adulthood in order to identify the negatives and benefits of the pandemic. In this qualitative research a “letter to a friend” free-writing exercise was used as the data collection method on a total sample of 107 young people aged 18-34 years. Using reflective thematic analysis, the statements were then grouped into two themes: “Covid as a misfortune” and “Covid as a benefit”.
新冠肺炎疫情给年轻人生活的重要方面带来了意想不到的变化。学术文献包含了许多关于风险和不良影响的研究,而任何潜在的积极方面都被边缘化了。本文审查了处于成年初期和青年期的青年人的生活质量和关系,以便确定这一流行病的负面影响和益处。本定性研究采用“给朋友的信”自由写作练习作为数据收集方法,共抽样107名18-34岁的年轻人。然后,通过反思性主题分析,将这些陈述分为两个主题:“Covid是一种不幸”和“Covid是一种好处”。
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引用次数: 0
The internet’s role in promoting civic engagement in China and Singapore: A Confucian view 互联网在促进中国和新加坡公民参与中的作用:儒家观点
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0015
A. Yu
Abstract This paper discusses the Internet’s role in promoting civic engagement in Asian countries. China and Singapore were selected because they have similar ethnic groups and cultural backgrounds. This paper concludes that the Internet has a limited role in promoting civic engagement due to Internet censorship and people’s political attitudes, which are deeply rooted for Confucian cultural reasons. Moreover the Internet censorship does not bother people in China and Singapore. The argument presented in this paper differs from previous studies that focused only on the Internet censorship system and ignored the cultural and socio-historical dimensions. The paper argues that the cultural and socio-historical dimensions should be considered when studying censorship.
摘要本文讨论了互联网在促进亚洲国家公民参与方面的作用。中国和新加坡之所以被选中,是因为它们有着相似的民族和文化背景。本文的结论是,由于网络审查和人们的政治态度,互联网在促进公民参与方面的作用有限,而这些因素深深植根于儒家文化的原因。此外,互联网审查制度并没有困扰中国和新加坡的人们。本文提出的论点不同于以往只关注互联网审查制度而忽视文化和社会历史层面的研究。本文认为,在研究审查制度时应考虑文化和社会历史层面。
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引用次数: 4
An Exploration of Women’s Social Position in Primary and Middle School Textbooks in Pakistan 巴基斯坦中小学教科书中妇女社会地位探析
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0006
Jan Alam, Ikram Badshah
Abstract Textbooks play a strong part in constructing gender roles and status in society. Thus, the images, lessons, and stories of gender portrayed in textbooks affect the perception of prevalent masculine behavior. To develop an insight into the phenomena, this article analyzes the institutionalized patriarchy and patriarchal values embedded in the Urdu and English National Book Foundation textbooks for grades 5, 6, and 7. The study used content analysis techniques to decode the tone, juggling of meanings, pictorial representation, topic selection, word selection, number of pages devoted to each topic, and gender placement of Urdu and Social Studies textbooks. The study explored whether women are portrayed as followers of men and men as having a leadership role. The mother is predominantly presented as a housewife who stays at home, cleaning and cooking all day. While the father goes to work every day and comes home and relaxes after a hard day’s work. Such placement of gendered roles has an effect on the thinking of young students and they internalize the idea that such roles are a natural part of their personality. Moreover, the books reflect a reality which is more male-oriented, while female representations are lacking in the dominant reality.
摘要教科书在构建社会性别角色和地位方面发挥着重要作用。因此,教科书中描绘的性别形象、课程和故事会影响对普遍男性行为的感知。为了深入了解这些现象,本文分析了乌尔都语和英国国家图书基金会5、6和7年级教材中嵌入的制度化父权制和父权价值观。这项研究使用内容分析技术来解码乌尔都语和社会研究教科书的语气、含义的转换、图像表示、主题选择、单词选择、每个主题的页数以及性别定位。这项研究探讨了女性是否被描绘成男性的追随者,男性是否扮演着领导角色。母亲主要表现为一个整天呆在家里打扫卫生和做饭的家庭主妇。而父亲每天上班,辛苦工作一天后回家放松。性别角色的这种定位对年轻学生的思维产生了影响,他们内化了这样一种观念,即这种角色是他们个性的自然组成部分。此外,这些书反映了一个更加男性化的现实,而女性在主导现实中缺乏表现。
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引用次数: 2
Humility Expression and its Effects on Moral Suasion: An Empirical Study of Ocasio-Cortez’s Communication 谦逊表达及其对道德劝说的影响:奥卡西奥-科尔特斯交际的实证研究
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0009
Francesca D’Errico, Peter Bull, Ernestina Lamponi, G. Leone
Abstract Humble leadership can be described as a positive psychological feature that allows leaders to admit their limitations, be open to new ideas, and give a voice to others while also recognizing their merits. The present study (n = 268 participants) explored the persuasive effects of a female politician communicating a humble stance by considering the role emotional displays at play (joy, calmness, sadness, and anger) when discussing a moral issue (hosting immigrants). The results revealed that the politician elicited positive emotions and evaluations of her competence and benevolence, especially when exhibiting a sad facial display, by contributing to the intention to accept the moral gist of her persuasive message. Overall, these ‘gendered’ effects are discussed in relation to the ‘political authenticity’, which can be perceived as high especially when the humble message is connected with several social reasons, as is the case with gender or social status.
谦逊的领导可以被描述为一种积极的心理特征,它允许领导者承认自己的局限性,对新想法持开放态度,并在承认自己优点的同时给予他人发言权。目前的研究(n = 268名参与者)通过考虑在讨论道德问题(接待移民)时所扮演的角色情绪表现(喜悦、平静、悲伤和愤怒),探讨了女性政治家传达谦逊立场的说服效果。结果显示,政治家通过有意接受她有说服力的信息中的道德要旨,引起了人们对她的能力和仁慈的积极情绪和评价,尤其是在表现出悲伤的面部表情时。总的来说,这些“性别”效应与“政治真实性”有关,特别是当谦逊的信息与几个社会原因有关时,就像性别或社会地位的情况一样,可以被认为是高的。
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引用次数: 5
Percieved Stress in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Sense of Control and the Mediation Effects of Religiosity and Materialistic Values 成长过程中的长期压力:控制感的作用与宗教和唯物主义价值观的中介作用
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0005
Muhammad Rehan Masoom
Abstract The research addresses the effect of sense of control on perceived stress by controlling for the intervening effects of Religiosity and Materialism. A total of 609 emerging adults living in Dhaka city participated in the survey; surveyors used a 48-item structural closed-ended questionnaire to collect the responses. The elicited responses were quantified, and structural equation models were formulated to identify any associations among the variables of interest. The findings suggest that sense of control is a strong determinant of perceived stress; neither religiosity nor materialism mediate the association. The study advances the transactional model of stress and coping.
摘要本研究通过控制宗教信仰和物质主义的干预作用,探讨控制感对感知压力的影响。共有609名居住在达卡市的新兴成年人参与了调查;调查者使用了一份包含48个项目的结构性封闭式问卷来收集反馈。所引发的反应被量化,并制定结构方程模型,以确定感兴趣的变量之间的任何关联。研究结果表明,控制感是感知压力的重要决定因素;宗教信仰和物质主义都不是这种联系的中介。本研究提出了压力与应对的交易模型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Human Affairs-Postdisciplinary Humanities & Social Sciences Quarterly
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