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The Frankfurt institute at 100: The perspective of a trichotomic critical theory 法兰克福研究所100周年:三元批判理论的视角
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0029
Marek Hrubec
Abstract This article was written on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main, where the Frankfurt School was founded and continues to evolve. From philosophical and interdisciplinary perspectives, the article focuses on the trichotomic characteristics of critical theory, specifically: critique, explanation, and normativity. It looks first at the founding of the Institute for Social Research; second, at the emergence of critical theory at the Institute; and third, at how these ideas evolved. It identifies trichotomy underpinning Horkheimer’s approach to critical theory. In the conclusion, the revisions made to critical theory in the later stages of development are considered.
摘要本文是在美因河畔法兰克福社会研究所成立100周年之际撰写的,法兰克福学派就是在这里成立并继续发展的。本文从哲学和跨学科的角度,重点探讨了批判理论的三元特征,具体为:批判性、解释性和规范性。它首先着眼于社会研究所的成立;第二,研究所批判理论的出现;第三,这些想法是如何演变的。它确定了支撑霍克海默批判理论方法的三分法。结论部分考虑了批判理论在发展后期所作的修正。
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引用次数: 0
A Conversation on philosophy of mind and consciousness – illusionism vs critical psychology: An extended dialogue between Keith Frankish and Paul Stenner 心灵与意识哲学对话——幻觉主义与批判心理学——基思·弗兰基什与保罗·斯坦纳的延伸对话
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0022
G. Bianchi
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引用次数: 0
Illusionism is no trick 幻觉不是把戏
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0025
Keith Frankish
Paul Stenner is not persuaded by the illusionist view presented in my interview with Katarína Sklutová. In fact, he thinks I am a trickster, who is not only defending a position I call ‘illusionism’ but perpetrating an intellectual illusion myself. He suggests that my arguments against qualia are a piece of misdirection, designed to deceive readers into accepting that we should eliminate the notions of mind and consciousness altogether and think of ourselves (if only we could think!) as unfeeling machines. Stenner thinks I am motivated in this aim by a desire to defend a crude form of materialism, which ignores modern physics. I’m puzzled. I don’t recognize Stenner’s account of what I am doing or why I am doing it. Indeed, after reading Stenner’s reply, I wasn’t sure whether he disagrees with my actual views, as opposed to the caricature he presents. Rather than speculate about this, I shall use this reply to clarify my position and the background to it. Perhaps I didn’t express myself carefully enough in the interview. If so, let me try to do better.1 I shall begin by making some preliminary points about the background to my view of consciousness and then sketch both the view I endorse and the one I reject. Perhaps this will pinpoint the substantive issues on which Stenner and I disagree and help readers decide where their own sympathies lie.
Paul Stenner不相信我在采访Katarína Sklutová时提出的魔术师观点。事实上,他认为我是一个骗子,他不仅在捍卫我称之为“幻觉主义”的立场,而且自己也在制造一种智力幻觉。他认为,我反对夸利亚的论点是一种误导,旨在欺骗读者,让他们接受我们应该彻底消除思想和意识的概念,并认为自己(如果我们能思考就好了!)是无情的机器。斯坦纳认为我实现这一目标的动机是为了捍卫一种忽视现代物理学的原始唯物主义。我很困惑。我不知道斯坦纳对我正在做什么或为什么要做这件事的描述。事实上,在阅读了斯坦纳的回复后,我不确定他是否不同意我的实际观点,而不是他所呈现的漫画。与其猜测这一点,我将用这个回复来澄清我的立场和背景。也许我在采访中表达得不够仔细。如果是这样的话,让我试着做得更好。1我将首先对我的意识观的背景提出一些初步的观点,然后勾勒出我赞同和反对的观点。也许这将准确指出斯坦纳和我不同意的实质性问题,并帮助读者决定他们自己的同情所在。
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引用次数: 0
Ethics in Masaryk’s classification of the sciences 马萨里克科学分类中的伦理学
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0028
Jan Svoboda
Abstract Masaryk’s philosophical approach to reality is largely characterised by its orientation towards the positivism of Auguste Comte, which Masaryk sought to offset with the psychologism of J. S. Mill. The combination of these positivist approaches became the positive starting point for Masaryk’s ethics. But that was not the only influence on his ethics. Masaryk’s German translation of Hume’s book, titled Eine Untersuchung über die Prinzipien der Moral von David Hume (1883), reveals that the main stimuli that shaped Masaryk’s ideas about ethics came from David Hume. Although the need for scientific evidence became a fundamental principle of Masaryk’s thought, the need to objectively anchor ethics in rational theism necessitated in this area a departure from his positivist outlook. Masaryk’s lectures on practical philosophy attest to this fact. The reason for his departure from a positivist stance was due to the metaphysical nature of his concept of psychology.
摘要Masaryk对现实的哲学方法在很大程度上以其对奥古斯特·孔特实证主义的取向为特征,Masaryk试图用J.s.Mill的心理学来抵消这一点。这些实证主义方法的结合成为Masaryk伦理学的积极起点。但这并不是对他的道德观的唯一影响。Masaryk对休谟著作的德语翻译,题为《道德的原则》(Eine Untersuchungüber die Prinzipien der Moral von David Hume,1883),揭示了塑造Masaryk伦理思想的主要因素来自大卫·休谟。尽管对科学证据的需要成为Masaryk思想的一个基本原则,但客观地将伦理学锚定在理性有神论中的需要在这一领域有必要偏离他的实证主义观点。Masaryk关于实践哲学的讲座证明了这一事实。他偏离实证主义立场的原因是由于他心理学概念的形而上学性质。
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引用次数: 1
Illusionism and its place in contemporary philosophy of mind 幻觉论及其在当代心灵哲学中的地位
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0023
Keith Frankish, Katarína Sklutová
Keith Frankish is a British-Greek philosopher mainly specializing in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of psychology. He is an Honorary Reader in philosophy at the University of Sheffield, UK, a Visiting Research Fellow with The Open University, UK, and an Adjunct Professor with the Brain and Mind Programme at the University of Crete. Alongside many published papers, Frankish is the author of several books, including Mind and Supermind (2007), co-editor of The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Science (2012) and The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (2014), and editor of Illusionism as a Theory of Consciousness (2017). In the philosophy of mind, Frankish is best known for his “illusionist” theory of consciousness, according to which phenomenal consciousness in an introspective illusion – that it is an artefact of the limitations of introspection (Frankish 2017, 22). This view is not a new one and it has many powerful defenders, pre-eminently the American philosopher Daniel Dennett. In the following interview, we are discussing illusionism as one of the theoretical approaches to the problem of consciousness. Specifically, we are focusing on the main hypotheses of illusionism, its response to the so-called “hard problem of consciousness”, as well as its answer to other problems related to philosophical and scientific research on consciousness.
基思·弗兰基什是英国希腊哲学家,主要研究心灵哲学和心理学。他是英国谢菲尔德大学哲学荣誉读者,英国开放大学客座研究员,克里特大学大脑与心智项目兼职教授。除了许多已发表的论文外,弗兰基什还是几本书的作者,包括《心智与超心智》(2007年)、《剑桥认知科学手册》(2012年)和《剑桥人工智能手册》(2014年)的联合编辑,以及《作为意识理论的幻觉》(2017年)的编辑。在心灵哲学中,弗兰基什最著名的是他的“幻觉主义”意识理论,根据该理论,内省幻觉中的现象意识是内省局限性的产物(弗兰基什2017,22)。这种观点并不是一种新观点,它有许多强有力的捍卫者,尤其是美国哲学家丹尼尔·丹尼特。在接下来的采访中,我们将讨论幻觉主义作为解决意识问题的理论方法之一。具体而言,我们关注的是幻觉主义的主要假设,它对所谓“意识难题”的回应,以及它对与意识的哲学和科学研究有关的其他问题的回答。
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引用次数: 0
Early literacy curriculum and its journey to kindergarten classroom 早期识字课程及其幼儿园课堂之旅
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0010
Oľga Zápotočná, Zuzana Petrová, Marek Urban, Kamila Urban
Abstract Implementing new school reforms in school practice is extremely challenging mostly because of teacher resistance to change, or uncertainty, fear, or nostalgia for the previous curriculum. Since 2016 a new preschool curriculum including a new early literacy curriculum has been in force in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to assess how well teachers follow the requirement to use a variety of texts in the classroom to promote early literacy development. The analysis is performed on 138 observations out of a total of 215 structured observations, in which teachers used a text as part of an educational activity. The predominant use of narrative texts is linked to more traditional early literacy activities; however, the employment of different text genres relates to the use of different sources of text presentation, engagement with different ways of working with the text and is accompanied by different reading activities.
摘要在学校实践中实施新的学校改革是极具挑战性的,主要是因为教师抗拒变革,或者不确定、恐惧或对以前课程的怀念。自2016年以来,斯洛伐克实施了包括新的早期识字课程在内的新学前课程。这项研究的目的是评估教师在多大程度上遵守了在课堂上使用各种文本的要求,以促进早期识字发展。该分析是对215个结构化观察中的138个观察进行的,在这些观察中,教师将文本作为教育活动的一部分。叙述性文本的主要使用与更传统的早期识字活动有关;然而,不同文本类型的使用与使用不同的文本呈现来源、采用不同的文本处理方式有关,并伴随着不同的阅读活动。
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引用次数: 0
Coronavirus anxiety in Slovakia during the second wave of the pandemic – Associations with depression, insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder 第二波大流行期间斯洛伐克的冠状病毒焦虑——与抑郁、失眠和广泛性焦虑症的关系
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0017
P. Babinčák, Jaroslava Babjáková
Abstract The study had two main goals: Firstly, the authors aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Slovak adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Secondly, the authors examined the associations between the CAS and mental health indicators – depression, insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder. The representative sample consisted of 1625 Slovak participants from the general population (793 men and 832 women, Mage = 42.77 ±12.84). The data were collected in October 2020. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. The authors confirmed that the psychometric properties of the CAS were adequate. Furthermore, they identified predictors of depression (gender, income, change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS), generalized anxiety disorder (gender, age, change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS) and insomnia (change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS). The results may contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s impact on mental health.
摘要本研究有两个主要目标:首先,作者旨在验证斯洛伐克冠状病毒焦虑量表(CAS)的有效性和可靠性。其次,作者研究了CAS与精神健康指标——抑郁、失眠和广泛性焦虑症之间的关系。代表性样本包括1625名来自普通人群的斯洛伐克参与者(793名男性和832名女性,Mage=42.77±12.84)。数据收集于2020年10月。采用验证性因素分析和多元层次回归分析对数据进行分析。作者证实CAS的心理测量特性是充分的。此外,他们确定了抑郁症(性别、收入、经济状况变化、主观贫困、CAS)、广泛性焦虑症(性别、年龄、经济状况的变化、主观贫穷、CAS)和失眠(经济状况的变化、主观贫困,CAS)的预测因素。研究结果可能有助于我们理解新冠疫情对心理健康的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Civil defence education: (Non)specific dangers and destabilisation of actorship in education 民防教育:(非)教育中角色的具体危险和不稳定
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0014
Jitka Wirthová, T. Barták
Abstract This paper focuses on the push to stabilise society through civil defence education (CDE) in the changing context of nationalism and populism. We analysed the way in which justifications and criticism of civil defence education (CDE) have evolved as an ordering project intended to solve the problems with dangers that were variously defined. We identified two locations of the danger to be tackled by the new CDE – external and specific; and internal and general – which partly correspond to key political events: the migrant and Ukraine crises, and pre-election battles. Transformation of dangers stabilised education’s subservient role while destabilising educators’ position in the public debate. Drawing on relational sociology, qualitative analysis of the Czech media, and interviews, we show that the dangers defined by educational actors are circumvented to be replaced by populist and nationalist problems that were not the problems of the actors who would be most affected by the proposed curricular changes. We suggest looking at contemporary nationalists’ claims in education as a sign that topological arrangements are being reshaped among political, educational, and civic actors in terms of divides, externality, and irrelevance.
摘要本文着重探讨在民族主义和民粹主义不断变化的背景下,通过民防教育来稳定社会。我们分析了对民防教育(CDE)的辩护和批评是如何演变成一个旨在解决各种危险问题的命令项目的。我们确定了新CDE需要解决的两个危险位置——外部和特定;以及内部和一般——这在一定程度上与关键的政治事件相对应:移民和乌克兰危机,以及选举前的斗争。危险的转变稳定了教育的从属角色,同时也破坏了教育工作者在公众辩论中的地位。根据关系社会学、对捷克媒体的定性分析和采访,我们发现,教育行为者所定义的危险被民粹主义和民族主义问题所取代,而这些问题不是受拟议课程改革影响最大的行为者的问题。我们建议将当代民族主义者在教育中的主张视为一个迹象,表明政治、教育和公民行为者之间的拓扑安排正在从分歧、外部性和无关性方面进行重塑。
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引用次数: 2
The other side of the coin: A narrative inquiry into the positive consequences of infidelity among young adults 硬币的另一面:对年轻人不忠的积极后果的叙述调查
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0021
Denisa Hnatkovičová, Nikola Kallová, Lucia Hargašová
Abstract There is certainly no shortage of studies describing the unwanted effects of infidelity in the relevant literature. By contrast, this paper examines the previously unexplored face of infidelity – namely, the subjectively perceived positive effects. One hundred and four participants from Slovakia in emerging and/or young adulthood shared their relationship history through semi-structured interviews (transcribed verbatim). Sixty-nine of these were self-moderated in written form. The same topics were covered in the two types of interview. Using a categorical-content analysis method, four categories were created. These described the constructive functions of infidelity, including enhancing relationship quality; aiding a desired breakup; satisfying unmet needs; and facilitating the decision-making process during the transition period before settling into a long-term relationship. For future research we recommend differentiating between beneficial episodes of infidelity, focusing on personal characteristics and subjective experiences of infidelity, and including non-heterosexual participants.
摘要在相关文献中,肯定不乏描述不忠的不良影响的研究。相比之下,本文考察了不忠之前未被探索的一面,即主观感知的积极影响。来自斯洛伐克的104名参与者通过半结构化访谈(逐字逐句转录)分享了他们的恋爱史。其中六十九个是以书面形式自我调节的。两种类型的采访涵盖了相同的主题。使用分类内容分析方法,创建了四个类别。这些描述了不忠的建设性功能,包括提高关系质量;帮助想要的分手;满足未满足的需求;以及在建立长期关系之前,在过渡期间促进决策过程。在未来的研究中,我们建议区分不忠的有益事件,重点关注不忠的个人特征和主观体验,包括非异性恋参与者。
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引用次数: 0
Symbolic coping: Young people’s perspectives during the Covid-19 pandemic in three Central European countries 象征性应对:中欧三国新冠肺炎大流行期间年轻人的视角
IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2022-0018
B. Puhrová, I. Lukšík, Regina Scheitel
Abstract The aim of this study was to find out what interpretive repertoires young people use in the symbolic management of the pandemic. Qualitative research using several methods on a sample of 172 young people in three countries, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria, and the subsequent discursive analysis showed that young people symbolically coped during the Covid-19 pandemic with the help of widespread concepts such as cutting off, closing sci-fi and panic. The interpretations used by young people to symbolically deal with the pandemic are close to those present in the public discourse—the discourses of threat, loss, emotion—but there was also a search for the concepts and language for use by experts and the general public in communicating about the pandemic. There were no significant differences in the interpretations of life during the Covid-19 pandemic in the three Central European countries.
摘要本研究的目的是找出年轻人在流行病的象征性管理中使用的解释性曲目。对斯洛伐克、捷克共和国和奥地利三个国家的172名年轻人进行了几种方法的定性研究,以及随后的话语分析表明,在Covid-19大流行期间,年轻人借助诸如切断、关闭科幻和恐慌等普遍概念象征性地应对了疫情。年轻人用来象征性地应对大流行的解释与公共话语中的解释——威胁、损失、情感——接近,但也在寻找专家和公众在交流大流行时使用的概念和语言。在新冠肺炎大流行期间,中欧三国对生活的解读没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Human Affairs-Postdisciplinary Humanities & Social Sciences Quarterly
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