Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2893
Khawaja Sheeraz, Naeem Aziz Memon, Aftab Hameed Memon, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Syed Faraz Jafri
{"title":"Discovering blackspots caused by pavement distresses using Lagrange polynomial and safety inspections of traffic accidents: A case study for Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Khawaja Sheeraz, Naeem Aziz Memon, Aftab Hameed Memon, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Syed Faraz Jafri","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2893","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2868
Abid Munir, Amjad Ali, Abdul Latif
Fiber optic communications are inevitable to achieve higher data rates of modern telecom networks. After utilization of Wavelength division multiplexing, higher order modulations and polarization multiplexing, mode division multiplexing is a new dimension to achieve higher transmission capacity for optical fiber communication links. Different spatial distributions of optical energy along cross sectional area of optical fiber allows simultaneous transmission of data by considering each mode as an independent channel. During such simultaneous transmissions, possibility of mixing of signals amongst modes causes signal degradations and acts as limiting factor for bandwidth – distance product of the link. This effect of mode coupling has been explored in this article by presenting its mathematical formulations. A simulation has been performed to study the impact of fiber constructional parameters on mode coupling using optical wavelengths used for telecommunication systems. The observations help to develop fibers for reduced mode coupling for particular group of modes and operating wavelengths. This article paves the way forward for study of mode coupling in micro and macro bending conditions for forthcoming research endeavours.
{"title":"Mode Coupling in Mode Division Multiplexing techniques for futuristic high speed optical networks and exploring optical fiber parameters to control mode coupling","authors":"Abid Munir, Amjad Ali, Abdul Latif","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2868","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber optic communications are inevitable to achieve higher data rates of modern telecom networks. After utilization of Wavelength division multiplexing, higher order modulations and polarization multiplexing, mode division multiplexing is a new dimension to achieve higher transmission capacity for optical fiber communication links. Different spatial distributions of optical energy along cross sectional area of optical fiber allows simultaneous transmission of data by considering each mode as an independent channel. During such simultaneous transmissions, possibility of mixing of signals amongst modes causes signal degradations and acts as limiting factor for bandwidth – distance product of the link. This effect of mode coupling has been explored in this article by presenting its mathematical formulations. A simulation has been performed to study the impact of fiber constructional parameters on mode coupling using optical wavelengths used for telecommunication systems. The observations help to develop fibers for reduced mode coupling for particular group of modes and operating wavelengths. This article paves the way forward for study of mode coupling in micro and macro bending conditions for forthcoming research endeavours.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2515
Muhammad Zakir Shaikh, Majid Hussain, Dileep Kumar, Fayaz Ahmed Memon, Baber Rustam, Enrique Nava Baro
Industrial systems require efficient techniques to observe the stable operation of various industrial processes and to achieve optimal control. Considering the importance of industrial processes, Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID), Adaptive PID, and fuzzy logic are the most utilized control systems. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a low-cost solution for the industrial processes requiring control and having the flexibility of graphical user interface. In this paper, an experimental study on flow rate control system for water flowing in a vessel is realized and implemented using Proportional (P), Proportional Derivative (PD), Proportional Integral (PI), and PID controllers with Programming Logic Controller (PLC). For optimal control, the constants for the PID controller are calculated based on Zeigler-Nichols (ZN) rules. ZN tuning rules can be used to find controller constants where the plant dynamics are not available. The experimental analysis is performed to validate the theoretical concepts. The achieved results and analysis demonstrate that the process variable, which is water inflow rate 4.92L/minute, is equal to the set point without any overshoot and remains controllable at every set point change.
{"title":"Design and implementation of PID based flow rate control using PLC","authors":"Muhammad Zakir Shaikh, Majid Hussain, Dileep Kumar, Fayaz Ahmed Memon, Baber Rustam, Enrique Nava Baro","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2515","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial systems require efficient techniques to observe the stable operation of various industrial processes and to achieve optimal control. Considering the importance of industrial processes, Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID), Adaptive PID, and fuzzy logic are the most utilized control systems. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a low-cost solution for the industrial processes requiring control and having the flexibility of graphical user interface. In this paper, an experimental study on flow rate control system for water flowing in a vessel is realized and implemented using Proportional (P), Proportional Derivative (PD), Proportional Integral (PI), and PID controllers with Programming Logic Controller (PLC). For optimal control, the constants for the PID controller are calculated based on Zeigler-Nichols (ZN) rules. ZN tuning rules can be used to find controller constants where the plant dynamics are not available. The experimental analysis is performed to validate the theoretical concepts. The achieved results and analysis demonstrate that the process variable, which is water inflow rate 4.92L/minute, is equal to the set point without any overshoot and remains controllable at every set point change.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2767
Zainab Memon, Muhammad Turab, Sanam Narejo, Muhammad Tahir Korejo
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has proven to be helpful and effective in preventing the disease. If the risks and symptoms of AD are detected earlier, then it seems rather promising that the death ratio of AD might decrease as it can help a lot of patients get treated before it’s too late. Our study demonstrates promising results, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 96.52% through the utilization of the EfficientNetB2 and EfficientNetB3 models. By leveraging transfer learning, we leverage pre-trained models' knowledge to optimize the learning process, while ensemble learning further improves performance by aggregating predictions from multiple models. The integration of these methodologies provides an effective and efficient means of detecting Alzheimer's Disease at an early stage, thereby offering potential benefits to patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers alike. These findings pave the way for improved diagnostic tools and contribute to the advancement of AD research and patient care.
{"title":"An ensemble of CNN architectures for early detection of alzheimer’s disease using brain MRI","authors":"Zainab Memon, Muhammad Turab, Sanam Narejo, Muhammad Tahir Korejo","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2767","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has proven to be helpful and effective in preventing the disease. If the risks and symptoms of AD are detected earlier, then it seems rather promising that the death ratio of AD might decrease as it can help a lot of patients get treated before it’s too late. Our study demonstrates promising results, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 96.52% through the utilization of the EfficientNetB2 and EfficientNetB3 models. By leveraging transfer learning, we leverage pre-trained models' knowledge to optimize the learning process, while ensemble learning further improves performance by aggregating predictions from multiple models. The integration of these methodologies provides an effective and efficient means of detecting Alzheimer's Disease at an early stage, thereby offering potential benefits to patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers alike. These findings pave the way for improved diagnostic tools and contribute to the advancement of AD research and patient care.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"178 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2885
Obaid Khaliq, Iftikhar Ahmad Tahiri, Haji Muhammad, Shaikh Mohiuddin, Muhammad Hashim Zuberi, Syed Tahir Ali, Kousar Yasmeen
Cycle voltammetric behaviour of Cu(II)SO4 in aqueous NaCl (supporting electrolyte) has been explored in comprehensive manner. 5 mM Cu2+, 1.0 M NaCl and glass carbon (GC) reveals the optimum response. Two stage electromechanical redox EE mechanism [(Cu2+/Cu+) and (Cu+/ Cu0)] has been explored by using different theoretical and experimental methods. The mass transfer co-efficient, dimensionless parameters and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ( confirmed the quasi-reversible response of (Cu2+/Cu+) redox couple. The experimental Gileadi ( and simulated Digi Sim ( values found as 0.052 cm/s and 0.0012 cm/s respectively. The diffusion co-efficient (D) of (Cu2+/Cu+) redox couple computed from 9.96 X 10-6 to 4.43 X 10-6 cm2/s through different methods. The novelty of the present work is to confirm the quasi-reversible response of (Cu2+/Cu+) through obtained electrochemical and kinetic parameters by using simple, fast, and cost-effective technique.
全面探讨了Cu(II)SO4在NaCl水溶液(支撑电解质)中的循环伏安行为。5 mM Cu2+、1.0 M NaCl和玻璃碳(GC)反应最佳。采用不同的理论和实验方法探讨了两阶段机电氧化还原EE机理[(Cu2+/Cu+)和(Cu+/ Cu0)]。传质系数、无量纲参数和非均相电子传递速率常数证实了(Cu2+/Cu+)氧化还原对的准可逆响应。实验Gileadi值和模拟Digi Sim值分别为0.052 cm/s和0.0012 cm/s。通过不同的方法计算得到(Cu2+/Cu+)氧化还原对的扩散系数D在9.96 × 10-6 ~ 4.43 × 10-6 cm2/s范围内。本研究的新颖之处在于，采用简单、快速、经济的方法，通过获得的电化学和动力学参数来确定(Cu2+/Cu+)的准可逆反应。
{"title":"Two step electrochemical redox mechanism of cu2+ through kinetic parameters and digital simulation technique","authors":"Obaid Khaliq, Iftikhar Ahmad Tahiri, Haji Muhammad, Shaikh Mohiuddin, Muhammad Hashim Zuberi, Syed Tahir Ali, Kousar Yasmeen","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2885","url":null,"abstract":"Cycle voltammetric behaviour of Cu(II)SO4 in aqueous NaCl (supporting electrolyte) has been explored in comprehensive manner. 5 mM Cu2+, 1.0 M NaCl and glass carbon (GC) reveals the optimum response. Two stage electromechanical redox EE mechanism [(Cu2+/Cu+) and (Cu+/ Cu0)] has been explored by using different theoretical and experimental methods. The mass transfer co-efficient, dimensionless parameters and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ( confirmed the quasi-reversible response of (Cu2+/Cu+) redox couple. The experimental Gileadi ( and simulated Digi Sim ( values found as 0.052 cm/s and 0.0012 cm/s respectively. The diffusion co-efficient (D) of (Cu2+/Cu+) redox couple computed from 9.96 X 10-6 to 4.43 X 10-6 cm2/s through different methods. The novelty of the present work is to confirm the quasi-reversible response of (Cu2+/Cu+) through obtained electrochemical and kinetic parameters by using simple, fast, and cost-effective technique.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2865
Khurram Iqbal, Nabi Bakhsh, Shahzor Memon
PAN/phenolic-based carbon/carbon composites are finding more and more use, and becoming more and more important for space/aviation industries, and general structural applications. The primary constituents of these materials are fragile, and cracking occurs through random failures caused by imperfectionsinduced random failures. The strength of a fragile material follows Weibull distribution. The variation of the flexural strengths has been modeled using Weibull distribution. In order to compute m and σu, first, the values of σi were ordered from the smallest to the largest, and then applying linear regression to these values. From the linear regression, the Weibull modulus and the characteristic strength were estimated. The CFRP composites show maximum flexural strength which decreases during the pyrolysis at the temperature of 1000 0C. The reduced flexural strength can be related to void defects. These defects probably act as a source of fractures during loading. The failure probabilities for CFRP and C/C composites are 0.55 and 0.78, respectively, and these values 334 and 92 MPa, and 29 and 10.2 GPa for mean flexural strength and flexural modulus, respectively, would be quite useful for understanding the fiber-matrix interfacial bonding properties, which have a strong influence on the mechanical properties of these composites.
{"title":"Experimental and statistical investigation of fracture strength of pan/phenolicbased carbon/carbon composite materials","authors":"Khurram Iqbal, Nabi Bakhsh, Shahzor Memon","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2865","url":null,"abstract":"PAN/phenolic-based carbon/carbon composites are finding more and more use, and becoming more and more important for space/aviation industries, and general structural applications. The primary constituents of these materials are fragile, and cracking occurs through random failures caused by imperfectionsinduced random failures. The strength of a fragile material follows Weibull distribution. The variation of the flexural strengths has been modeled using Weibull distribution. In order to compute m and σu, first, the values of σi were ordered from the smallest to the largest, and then applying linear regression to these values. From the linear regression, the Weibull modulus and the characteristic strength were estimated. The CFRP composites show maximum flexural strength which decreases during the pyrolysis at the temperature of 1000 0C. The reduced flexural strength can be related to void defects. These defects probably act as a source of fractures during loading. The failure probabilities for CFRP and C/C composites are 0.55 and 0.78, respectively, and these values 334 and 92 MPa, and 29 and 10.2 GPa for mean flexural strength and flexural modulus, respectively, would be quite useful for understanding the fiber-matrix interfacial bonding properties, which have a strong influence on the mechanical properties of these composites.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2870
Sania Rehman Memon, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Furqan Javed Arain
The city of Hyderabad, Pakistan has been facing a shortage of bus terminals over the years. The native transportation arrangement already increased traffic jams in the city. Besides, passenger buses that arrived in Hyderabad from other suburban cities had caused chaos and increased traffic management issues. Constructing a new bus terminal for the city in an accessible location is determined in this study. To examine the demand for a bus terminal and to determine a proper location, the data were collected from the 480 sampled respondents with the help of a questionnaire survey. Experts from the Hyderabad Development Authorities were consulted on the availability of land for the proposed development of the terminal. To generate suitable information, descriptive statistics and the correlation approach were employed. GIS-based maps were also produced to define the land uses and routes of the city. This research recommends four standard sites for the terminal, i.e., the Mayani Main Forest (Ayub Hotel), Toll Plaza, Kohsar (Gulshan-e-Sarmast), and Zeal Park. Based on expert opinion, the Ayoub Hotel site was found more suitable for constructing a new bus terminal. In this way, this study contributed to the development of a new bus terminal for the city, which has been the demand of the citizens for quite some time.
{"title":"Site suitability for intercity bus terminal at Hyderabad, Pakistan: a citizen’s perception","authors":"Sania Rehman Memon, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Furqan Javed Arain","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2870","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Hyderabad, Pakistan has been facing a shortage of bus terminals over the years. The native transportation arrangement already increased traffic jams in the city. Besides, passenger buses that arrived in Hyderabad from other suburban cities had caused chaos and increased traffic management issues. Constructing a new bus terminal for the city in an accessible location is determined in this study. To examine the demand for a bus terminal and to determine a proper location, the data were collected from the 480 sampled respondents with the help of a questionnaire survey. Experts from the Hyderabad Development Authorities were consulted on the availability of land for the proposed development of the terminal. To generate suitable information, descriptive statistics and the correlation approach were employed. GIS-based maps were also produced to define the land uses and routes of the city. This research recommends four standard sites for the terminal, i.e., the Mayani Main Forest (Ayub Hotel), Toll Plaza, Kohsar (Gulshan-e-Sarmast), and Zeal Park. Based on expert opinion, the Ayoub Hotel site was found more suitable for constructing a new bus terminal. In this way, this study contributed to the development of a new bus terminal for the city, which has been the demand of the citizens for quite some time.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2915
Mazhar Sanbhal, Zulfiqar Solangi, Sanam Irum Memon, Noor Sanbhal, Tahreem Khanzada, Khadija Qureshi, Wang Wei
Cellulosic antibacterial fibers have great importance in the manufacturing of healthcare products. In this research work, antibacterial hemp and bamboo fibers were selected for manufacturing two green composite for wound healing. The chitosan was selected to get gel formation and behave as carrier in the manufacturing of cellulosic/chitosan green composite. Moreover, a water-soluble levofloxacin was included to give a release of antibacterial properties. The hemp and bamboo fibers were cleaned and fiber-to-fiber separation was done with a manual comber machine. The chitosan was solubilized using acetic acid and stirred for 12 hours to get a completely clear and viscous gel. Afterward, powder ground hemp and bamboo fibers were separately poured into two separate beakers. Two different types of composites (hemp/chitosan) and Bamboo/chitosan were transferred into petri dishes and dried in the oven at 400C for 24 hours. The samples were loaded with a levofloxacin antimicrobial agent. Both composites (hemp/chitosan, and bamboo/chitosan) were characterized for surface morphology, structural changes and antimicrobial testing against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was analyzed that without levofloxacin both cellulose/chitosan composites resisted bacteria growth and did not show inhibition zone, but samples loaded with levofloxacin displayed good antibacterial activity and showed excellent zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Futhermore, FTIR evidenced that there was no formation of cross linking composites, but composites were held together due to chitosan and fibers gel formation.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of cellulose/chitosan green composite for wound healing","authors":"Mazhar Sanbhal, Zulfiqar Solangi, Sanam Irum Memon, Noor Sanbhal, Tahreem Khanzada, Khadija Qureshi, Wang Wei","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2915","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulosic antibacterial fibers have great importance in the manufacturing of healthcare products. In this research work, antibacterial hemp and bamboo fibers were selected for manufacturing two green composite for wound healing. The chitosan was selected to get gel formation and behave as carrier in the manufacturing of cellulosic/chitosan green composite. Moreover, a water-soluble levofloxacin was included to give a release of antibacterial properties. The hemp and bamboo fibers were cleaned and fiber-to-fiber separation was done with a manual comber machine. The chitosan was solubilized using acetic acid and stirred for 12 hours to get a completely clear and viscous gel. Afterward, powder ground hemp and bamboo fibers were separately poured into two separate beakers. Two different types of composites (hemp/chitosan) and Bamboo/chitosan were transferred into petri dishes and dried in the oven at 400C for 24 hours. The samples were loaded with a levofloxacin antimicrobial agent. Both composites (hemp/chitosan, and bamboo/chitosan) were characterized for surface morphology, structural changes and antimicrobial testing against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was analyzed that without levofloxacin both cellulose/chitosan composites resisted bacteria growth and did not show inhibition zone, but samples loaded with levofloxacin displayed good antibacterial activity and showed excellent zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Futhermore, FTIR evidenced that there was no formation of cross linking composites, but composites were held together due to chitosan and fibers gel formation.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2658
Shahzor Memon, Imtiaz Hussain Kalwar, Abdul Hameed Memon, Muhammad Shakir, Halar Mustafa, Sadiq ur Rehman
Recently, the Hot Wire CNC Technology is use for the purpose of cutting of the materials like thermopol and foam for the packaging of products. This technology saves labor costs and increases production. The main objective of the research is to determine the influence of wire temperature on the quality of cuts achieved through hot wire cutting technology and explore the optimal material combination for low power consumption in wire cutting technology. The technique utilizes controlling the current regulation of the Nichrome wire, to reduce the power consumption. The Hot Wire CNC Machine is controlled by a micro controller which sends a special code called G-Code to the stepper motors and the current regulation is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) through Power transistor. The results of the study show a sufficient reduction in power consumption when using the combination of Nickel-chromium materials.
{"title":"Hot wire thermopol cutting using CNC machine","authors":"Shahzor Memon, Imtiaz Hussain Kalwar, Abdul Hameed Memon, Muhammad Shakir, Halar Mustafa, Sadiq ur Rehman","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2658","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Hot Wire CNC Technology is use for the purpose of cutting of the materials like thermopol and foam for the packaging of products. This technology saves labor costs and increases production. The main objective of the research is to determine the influence of wire temperature on the quality of cuts achieved through hot wire cutting technology and explore the optimal material combination for low power consumption in wire cutting technology. The technique utilizes controlling the current regulation of the Nichrome wire, to reduce the power consumption. The Hot Wire CNC Machine is controlled by a micro controller which sends a special code called G-Code to the stepper motors and the current regulation is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) through Power transistor. The results of the study show a sufficient reduction in power consumption when using the combination of Nickel-chromium materials.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2304.2674
Umer Ijaz, Muhammad Fraz Anwar, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Farhan, Kashif Nisar Paracha, Muhammad Saad Sharif
The flow of electric power requires overhead insulators to maintain a safe distance between charged conductors and supporting structures. These insulators are installed in outdoor locations and are hence subjected to a variety of adverse environmental conditions, such as airborne dust and other contaminants. In moist conditions, these pollution factors can cause flashover, resulting in the loss of energy in the form of heat and light. Therefore, it is crucial to determine various types of contaminants based on geographical conditions and analyze their effects on the insulation capabilities of these insulators. This research work analyzes the accumulation of certain contaminants on the insulators installed at various geographical locations. Experimental approaches for detecting the level of contamination of insulators have also been examined, along with their limitations. Moreover, the findings of pollution tests performed in industrial, coastal, desert, inland, agricultural, and biological areas are presented as well. The flash-over voltage (FOV) of disc insulators made of porcelain for various pH and conductivity values has been observed to correlate FOV with pH and conductivity values of the pollutants. The pH and conductivity of contaminants are crucial factors impacting the insulator's flashover voltage, which is influenced by surrounding atmospheric conditions. Understanding the composition and monitoring these parameters can aid in developing preventive maintenance programs based on specified pH values, ensuring the reliability and performance of overhead insulators.
{"title":"A critical study on detection of pollution level of overhead insulators by measuring pH and conductivity of the contaminants","authors":"Umer Ijaz, Muhammad Fraz Anwar, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Farhan, Kashif Nisar Paracha, Muhammad Saad Sharif","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2304.2674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2304.2674","url":null,"abstract":"The flow of electric power requires overhead insulators to maintain a safe distance between charged conductors and supporting structures. These insulators are installed in outdoor locations and are hence subjected to a variety of adverse environmental conditions, such as airborne dust and other contaminants. In moist conditions, these pollution factors can cause flashover, resulting in the loss of energy in the form of heat and light. Therefore, it is crucial to determine various types of contaminants based on geographical conditions and analyze their effects on the insulation capabilities of these insulators. This research work analyzes the accumulation of certain contaminants on the insulators installed at various geographical locations. Experimental approaches for detecting the level of contamination of insulators have also been examined, along with their limitations. Moreover, the findings of pollution tests performed in industrial, coastal, desert, inland, agricultural, and biological areas are presented as well. The flash-over voltage (FOV) of disc insulators made of porcelain for various pH and conductivity values has been observed to correlate FOV with pH and conductivity values of the pollutants. The pH and conductivity of contaminants are crucial factors impacting the insulator's flashover voltage, which is influenced by surrounding atmospheric conditions. Understanding the composition and monitoring these parameters can aid in developing preventive maintenance programs based on specified pH values, ensuring the reliability and performance of overhead insulators.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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