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Religion, Power, and the Rise of Shinto in Early Modern Japan 近代早期日本的宗教、权力与神道教的兴起
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2240240
Yi‐Jiang Zhong
Japanese responding to the music of poor Southern Whites, encouraged by the US occupation (152). The ethnographic description shows an insider view, Mitsui having lived through most of the postwar genres dealt with. The final chapter, ‘Domestic Exoticism: A Trend in the Age of “World Music”’ (Mitsui & Hosokawa, 1998) discusses World Music as an ‘Asian turn’, a cultural globalisation in which Japanese began to listen to Asian music. At the same time, Japanese started seeing Okinawan groups such as Rinken Band as exotic and interesting, and seeing mainstream Japanese folk of Itō Takio as exotic, but ‘revved up’. The concluding overview section compares ‘indigenous’ (traditional classical) music with other genres. Mitsui simplistically maintains that traditional music has not been affected by the West and has not changed. The final section of the original overview chapter was a review of publications by non-Japanese, here touched on briefly in footnotes. The overall style of writing is scholarly, but accessible. Expression is sometimes stilted, syntax often awkward, and occasionally impenetrable. It is further marred by occasional misprints. Romanization and use of hyphens are not standard. The book contributes to existing publications on Japanese popular music by dealing in detail with genres that are rarely treated in English scholarship, bringing together in one place significant research by this pioneer of popular Japanese music research. The book is further enriched by a comprehensive list of Japanese and English language entries providing an excellent resource.
日本人响应贫穷的南方白人的音乐,受到美国占领的鼓励(152)。人种学的描述显示了一种内部观点,三井经历了战后处理的大多数流派。最后一章“国内异国情调:“世界音乐时代的趋势”(Mitsui&Hosokawa,1998)将世界音乐讨论为“亚洲转向”,即日本人开始收听亚洲音乐的文化全球化。与此同时,日本人开始认为林肯乐队(Rinken Band)等冲绳团体充满异国情调和有趣,认为日本主流民间的ItōTakio充满异国情调,但“热情高涨”。结语部分将“本土”(传统古典)音乐与其他流派进行了比较。三井简单地认为,传统音乐没有受到西方的影响,也没有改变。最初概述一章的最后一节是对非日本人出版物的回顾,在脚注中简要提及。总体的写作风格是学术性的,但通俗易懂。表达有时很生硬,语法通常很尴尬,有时也很难理解。它因偶尔的印刷错误而进一步受损。罗马化和使用连字符是不标准的。这本书通过详细处理英国学术界很少处理的流派,为现有的日本流行音乐出版物做出了贡献,将这位日本流行音乐研究先驱的重要研究汇集在一起。这本书进一步丰富了日语和英语词条的综合列表,提供了一个极好的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Otaku and the Struggle for Imagination in Japan 日本的御宅族与想象力的斗争
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2189574
H. Briel
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引用次数: 0
Japan’s Peace Diplomacy on the Vietnam War and the 1968–1969 Shift in the United States’ Asia Policy 日本对越南战争的和平外交与美国1968-1969年亚洲政策的转变
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2199355
Andrea Pressello
ABSTRACT This article investigates the impact of the changing international environment in Asia at the turn of the 1960s on Japanese diplomacy regarding the Vietnam war and Southeast Asia. In 1968–1969, the United States announced important changes in its policy on the Vietnam problem and Asia, particularly the reduction of its military involvement in the region. Taking advantage of a US policy shift, China and the Soviet Union sought to expand their influence in Southeast Asia. Drawing on declassified diplomatic documents, this article shows that the government of Japanese Prime Minister Satō Eisaku, balancing domestic pressures and the need to preserve relations with Washington, adjusted its diplomacy in response to changes in the regional environment. While continuing efforts towards peace in Vietnam, Japan began work to shape a post-Vietnam Southeast Asian order based on peaceful coexistence between communist and non-communist countries. This was Japan’s strategy for countering the expected increase in Beijing and Moscow’s regional influence. Japan gradually acted to engage North Vietnam, a key actor to realize regional peaceful coexistence and a war settlement – which would in turn facilitate the realization of the reversion of Okinawa to Japan. This approach would be formalized in the 1977 Fukuda Doctrine.
摘要本文考察了20世纪60年代初亚洲国际环境的变化对日本在越南战争和东南亚问题上的外交影响。1968年至1969年,美国宣布在越南问题和亚洲问题上的政策发生重大变化,特别是减少对该地区的军事介入。中国和苏联利用美国政策的转变,试图扩大其在东南亚的影响力。根据解密的外交文件,这篇文章表明,日本首相卫佐的政府在平衡国内压力和维护与华盛顿关系的需要后,根据地区环境的变化调整了外交。在继续努力实现越南和平的同时,日本开始努力在共产主义和非共产主义国家和平共处的基础上建立后越南东南亚秩序。这是日本应对北京和莫斯科地区影响力预期增长的战略。日本逐渐采取行动,与北越接触,北越是实现地区和平共处和战争解决的关键角色,这反过来又将促进冲绳回归日本。这种方法将在1977年的福田学说中正式确立。
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引用次数: 0
Haruki Murakami and His Early Work: The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Running Artist 村上春树及其早期作品:长跑艺术家的孤独
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2191841
Erik R. Lofgren
schools, Chinese schools, schools for Brazilians, schools for South Americans, and International Schools. Okano states that these nonformal schools provide additional education for students who are struggling, and provide a place of belonging. They help maintain the culture and heritage language for migrant children. There have been attempts to bridge nonformal education with formal education. One example is the Rainbow Bridging Program, which connected three Latin American schools with one university, several non-profit organizations, two school boards, two Anglican youth organizations and one welfare organization. This project helped migrant children learn both Japanese and their mother language so the students could enter formal learning institutions. Even though there have been more programs and initiatives to help migrant and marginalized students, Okano points out that for various reasons such as a curriculum that is not relevant to some students are not able to take advantage of these initiatives. Even if these students are able to attend formal education schools, the curriculum is often not relevant to their concerns. I believe this book is a valuable contribution to the English literature on the present state of Japanese education. Okano demonstrates an extensive knowledge of the field and her writing is thoughtful and well argued. This book deserves to be read by anyone interested in recent developments in Japanese education.
学校、中国学校、巴西学校、南美学校和国际学校。Okano表示,这些非正规学校为那些正在挣扎的学生提供了额外的教育,并提供了归属感。它们有助于维护移民儿童的文化和传统语言。有人试图将非正规教育与正规教育联系起来。彩虹桥计划就是一个例子,它将三所拉丁美洲学校与一所大学、几个非营利组织、两个学校董事会、两个圣公会青年组织和一个福利组织联系起来。该项目帮助移民儿童学习日语和母语,使学生能够进入正规的学习机构。尽管有更多的项目和举措来帮助移民和边缘化学生,Okano指出,由于各种原因,比如与一些学生无关的课程,他们无法利用这些举措。即使这些学生能够进入正规教育学校,课程也往往与他们的担忧无关。我相信这本书是对英国关于日本教育现状的文献的宝贵贡献。冈野展示了她对该领域的广泛知识,她的写作深思熟虑,富有争议。这本书值得任何对日本教育的最新发展感兴趣的人阅读。
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引用次数: 0
Ezra Pound’s Japan 庞德的日本
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2187358
Ce Rosenow
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引用次数: 9
Resurrecting Nagasaki: Reconstruction and the Formation of Atomic Narratives 复活长崎:原子叙事的重建与形成
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2187359
Rumi Sakamoto
the development of Pound’s interest in, and understanding of, nō. It successfully argues not only for the importance of nō for The Cantos, but that nō was important to Pound long after the 1917 publication of ‘Noh’ or accomplishment, a study of the classical stage of Japan. Houwen considers many examples of nō throughout The Cantos. For instance, in Canto IV, Takasago and Tamura ‘suggest the interconnection between vegetal regeneration and benevolent imperial rule’ (184), while ‘the centrality of Takasago and Tamura in the “Eleusinian” cantos in A draft of XXX Cantos demonstrates that nō remained important to Pound throughout the 1920s’ (195). Concerning The Pisan Cantos, Houwen claims, ‘Pound’s incorporation of nō in the Pisan Cantos was the culmination of a decade of profound engagement with nō in which he praised it in the highest terms’ (215). In the concluding chapter, Houwen considers nō’s significance in Rock-drill85–95 de los cantares and Thrones 96–109 de los cantares as well as in the final cantos. He demonstrates that ‘nō features prominently in the poem’s culminating paradisal vision’ (217). He also discusses Pound’s 1970 attendance at the live performance of Aoi no ue and Takasago in Rome where Pound met with nō master Minoru Umewaka’s grandson, additional evidence for Pound’s sustained interest in the form. As the previous paragraphs attest, there is much to value in Houwen’s work. His carefully-researched project is a significant contribution to Pound studies and contains many more insights and corrections to earlier scholarship than the limited space for this review allows. There is an impressive amount of context that resituates Pound’s relationship with Japan and the impact of Japan on Pound’s poetics. Houwen makes considerable use of his access to resources others did not have and of his own translations. Information overlooked, undervalued, or misinterpreted in previous studies is presented here in a more accurate light along with its significance for Pound’s poetics. Overall, there is abundant material to assist Pound scholars in reconsidering and enhancing their previous understanding of Pound and Japan.
庞德对日语的兴趣和理解的发展。它不仅成功地论证了“诗”的重要性,而且论证了“诗”在1917年出版《能》或《成就》之后很长一段时间对庞德来说都很重要,《能》是对日本古典阶段的研究。侯文在《诗章》中考虑了许多关于“音”的例子。例如,在第四章中,高崎和田村“暗示了植物再生和仁慈的帝国统治之间的相互联系”(184),而“在《第三十章》的草稿中,高崎和田村在“伊莱乌西尼”章节中的中心地位表明,在整个20世纪20年代,对庞德来说,“恩”仍然很重要”(195)。关于《Pisan Cantos》,Houwen声称,“庞德在Pisan Cantos中加入了nishi,这是他十年来对nishi的深刻参与的高潮,他在其中以最高的术语赞扬了它”(215)。在结束语中,侯文考虑了《钻岩》第85 - 95章和《权力的游戏》第96-109章以及最后几章中“隐”的意义。他证明了“nishi在这首诗的终极天堂愿景中占有突出地位”(217)。他还讨论了庞德1970年在罗马观看《青空与高崎》的现场表演,庞德在那里会见了画师梅和实的孙子,这进一步证明了庞德对这种形式的持续兴趣。正如前面几段所证明的那样,侯文的作品有很多值得重视的地方。他精心研究的项目是对庞德研究的重大贡献,包含了更多的见解和对早期学术的修正,而不是本文有限的篇幅所允许的。庞德与日本的关系,以及日本对庞德诗学的影响,都有相当多的背景加以还原。侯文充分利用了别人没有的资源和他自己的翻译。在这里,我们将更准确地呈现以往研究中被忽视、低估或误解的信息,以及这些信息对庞德诗学的意义。总的来说,有丰富的材料可以帮助庞德学者重新思考和加强他们之前对庞德和日本的理解。
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引用次数: 0
A Celebrity’s Fifteen-Year Reign and Reinvention of Kamigata Rakugo 一位名人的15年统治与神方乐苟的重塑
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2173161
M. Shores
Abstract From 2004 to 2017, Kamigata Rakugo Kyōkai (KRK) – the professional comic storytelling guild for the Osaka area – issued the magazine Nna aho na (That’s ridiculous). Concurrent with the tenure of one of the art’s most recognisable and progressive artists, Katsura Bunshi VI (b. 1943), as KRK chairperson, the magazine hailed Kamigata rakugo’s ‘new era’. It heralded the first dedicated rakugo hall open in Osaka in 60 years, as well as several other big-ticket enterprises. Nna aho na presented a brassy campaign of building and monument erection teamed with pageants and re-enactments of history, displays of tradition, and ritual. These served to promote Kamigata rakugo as a venerable art and one worthy of official recognition by Japan’s government. Examining the reforms that Bunshi VI orchestrated in the early twenty-first century, one sees a tension between ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ negotiated through an expedient trade-off. KRK was able to use Bunshi VI’s considerable star power to improve the art’s exposure, status, and infrastructure, while he became the face of the art, advanced his own agenda, and cemented his name in rakugo history.
摘要2004年至2017年,大阪地区的专业漫画讲故事协会Kamigata Rakugo Kyōkai(KRK)发行了《Nna aho na》杂志(太荒谬了)。在艺术界最知名、最进步的艺术家之一Katsura Bunshi VI(生于1943年)担任KRK主席的同时,该杂志称赞Kamigata rakugo的“新时代”。它预示着60年来大阪第一个专门的rakugo大厅以及其他几家大型票务企业开业。Nna aho na举办了一场黄铜色的建筑和纪念碑竖立活动,同时举办了庆典和历史重演、传统展示和仪式。这些都促进了Kamigata rakugo作为一种古老的艺术,值得日本政府的官方认可。考察本世六世在21世纪初策划的改革,我们可以看到通过权宜的权衡谈判达成的“传统”和“新”之间的紧张关系。KRK能够利用Bunshi VI的巨大明星力量来提高艺术的曝光率、地位和基础设施,同时他成为了艺术的代言人,推进了自己的议程,并巩固了自己在rakugo历史上的声誉。
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引用次数: 0
Is Post-Fukushima Reform Making Japan Safer? From Shared Responsibility to Collective Accountability 后福岛改革让日本更安全?从共同责任到集体责任
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2184332
Y. Takao
Abstract Ten years after the Fukushima disaster, the nuclear safety regulation system in Japan has gradually moved from the exclusionary process of policy making, based on hierarchically organized policy, to a decentralized and open process of policy making whose competence is divided beyond the pre-given political actors. Yet policy making and implementation need to bring together multiple stakeholders to work in concert to achieve a desired outcome of nuclear safety. This article seeks to explain why the trend towards more inclusive forms of policy making may still lead to negative consequences for democratic accountability of nuclear safety. The author argues that the coordination issue becomes critical to a plurality of conflicting interests and beliefs of autonomous stakeholders. Although the decision-making plurality favours democratic interest representation, empirical evidence suggests that a poorly coordinated response by the national government to nuclear policy implementation fails to get stakeholders to work together for Japan’s nuclear safety. From a broader perspective, the lack of coordination among different stakeholders is one of the weaknesses of expanding accountability mechanisms to include more stakeholders, and results in challenges to policy coherence.
摘要福岛核事故发生十年后,日本的核安全监管体系逐渐从基于分级组织政策的排他性政策制定过程,转变为权力分散、开放的政策制定过程。然而,政策制定和实施需要将多个利益攸关方聚集在一起,共同努力,以实现核安全的预期结果。本文试图解释为什么更具包容性的政策制定形式的趋势仍可能对核安全的民主问责制产生负面影响。作者认为,协调问题对自主利益相关者的多种利益和信念的冲突至关重要。尽管决策多元化有利于民主利益代表,但经验证据表明,国家政府对核政策实施的协调不力,未能让利益相关者为日本的核安全共同努力。从更广泛的角度来看,不同利益攸关方之间缺乏协调是扩大问责机制以包括更多利益攸关方的弱点之一,并导致政策一致性面临挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Japan’s Aging Peace: Pacifism and Militarism in the Twenty-First Century 日本老龄化的和平:21世纪的和平主义与军国主义
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2022.2161353
H. Dobson
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引用次数: 0
Review of Education and Social Justice in Japan 日本教育与社会正义检讨
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2023.2191840
John P Miller
fan culture (189), excluding the decisive difference in their approaches, with the former firmly remaining on the positivist side of things and the latter solidly located on the critical one. This is also true for Galbraith’s well-intentioned project to undermine any western attempts to establish ‘weird’ manga as an essentializing Japanese cultural trait harkening back in an uninterrupted line to Edo culture. While this line of argument might have been tempting and true for some scholars in the past, even a cursory look at the rise of manga in post-WWII Japan clearly demonstrates that it rests as much on US comics’ culture as on Japanese history, with the most famous case being Tezuka Osamu’s Astro Boy, discussed at length in the book (see 83–86), but more in terms of sexual proclivities than technical line drawing. Thus, any attempt at essentializing Japanese culture has already failed and here Galbraith is preaching to the choir. Lastly, Galbraith correctly chastises western media (and academics) for narrowing down their view of Japanese manga and anime to sexual (tentacles!) and, in the worst case, pedophile content. Such attempts did and do exist; however, such a view is equally as erroneous as attempts to mark ancient Greek culture as overwhelmingly gay due to a few depictions on vases and mosaics. That the infamous octopi might be used in such Japanese sexually-connotated depictions should not surprise; after all, Japan consists of islands and in western cultural discourses there are Little Red Riding Hoods and wolves, simply because geosemiotics and Rule 34 (‘If it exists, there is porn of it’) would expect them. A bit more comparative research would certainly have bolstered his claims. If one digs a little deeper in psychosexual historical accounts such as German folk tales or Italian stories of the Decameron-style, many such examples come to the fore and the fact that they also exist in Japan should be no surprise. Overall, though, these are minor gripes; the book is a trove of information on otaku culture, well-argued and a milestone in deepening readers’ understanding of the multiple layers responsible for creating a thriving and important social subculture in today’s Japan.
粉丝文化(189),排除了他们在方法上的决定性差异,前者坚定地站在事物的实证主义一边,后者坚定地站在批判的一边。这也是加尔布雷斯意图良好的计划,他试图破坏任何西方试图将“怪异”漫画作为日本文化特征的一种本质,这种文化特征可以追溯到江户文化。虽然这种观点在过去可能对一些学者来说很有吸引力,而且是正确的,但即使粗略地看一下二战后日本漫画的兴起,也清楚地表明,它既依赖于日本历史,也依赖于美国漫画文化,其中最著名的例子是手冢修的《阿童木》,书中详细讨论了这一点(见83-86页),但更多的是性倾向,而不是技术性的线条绘制。因此,任何试图将日本文化本质化的尝试都已经失败了,加尔布雷斯在这里是在向唱诗班说教。最后,加尔布雷斯正确地谴责了西方媒体(和学者)将他们对日本漫画和动画的看法缩小到性(触手!),在最糟糕的情况下,是恋童癖的内容。这种企图过去和现在都存在;然而,这种观点同样是错误的,因为一些花瓶和马赛克上的描绘而试图将古希腊文化标记为压倒性的同性恋。这种臭名昭著的章鱼可能会被用在这种日本性内涵的描绘中,这并不奇怪;毕竟,日本是由岛屿组成的,在西方文化话语中有小红帽和狼,只是因为地理符号学和第34条规则(“如果存在,就有色情”)会期待它们。更多的比较研究肯定会支持他的说法。如果你对德国民间故事或意大利《十日谈》风格的故事等性心理历史记录进行更深入的挖掘,就会发现许多这样的例子出现在人们面前,而它们在日本也存在的事实也不足为奇。不过,总的来说,这些都是小抱怨;这本书是一个关于御宅族文化的信息宝库,论述得很好,是加深读者对当今日本蓬勃发展和重要的社会亚文化的多层次理解的里程碑。
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引用次数: 0
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Japanese Studies
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