Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1982645
Yuna Sato
ABSTRACT This article examines policing of the boundary of Japaneseness in contemporary Japan by analyzing the experiences of 15 young individuals. Despite their self-recognition as not having any foreign ancestors, they are often misrecognized as half-Japanese or non-Japanese by others. This article explores the causes and consequences of this categorization and reflects on the implications of ethnic or racial misidentification for the misidentified and for the wider society. The findings confirm that others labeled the participants as hāfu (mixed) or foreign to make sense of the inconsistency between the participants’ ‘non-Japanese-like’ personal features and a narrow notion of Japaneseness. Their lack of Japaneseness meant the participants experienced exclusion owing to the unmarked norms in Japanese society. They were also treated as though they were hāfu or foreign. However, their belief or claim of having only Japanese ancestors often confused others as well as themselves, which resulted in various attempts to make sense of their ‘differences’. This article concludes that the marginalization and othering of various ethnic or racial groups in Japan helped avoid challenging the notion of Japaneseness. Therefore, to tackle exclusion, diversity among ‘majority Japanese’ needs to be acknowledged.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.2000331
D. Shamoon
ABSTRACT Kawabata Yasunari (1899–1972), Japan’s first Nobel laureate in literature, is best known today for highbrow novels such as Yukiguni (Snow country, 1935–1947). But in the 1930s and 1940s, Kawabata was deeply involved with the girls’ literary magazine Shōjo no tomo (The girls’ friend) as an editor and an author of novels for girls (shōjo shōsetsu). This article calls for a critical reevaluation of Kawabata’s fiction in terms of his involvement with and appropriation of girls’ culture, through analysis of the novels Otome no minato (The girls’ harbor, 1937–1938) and Utsukushii tabi (Beautiful journey, 1939–1941). Kawabata’s use of the idealized shōjo is consistent in his writing for girls and adults, and is a parallel to the fascist aesthetics and colonial ideology in his work of this time period.
川端康成(1899-1972)是日本第一位诺贝尔文学奖得主，以《雪国》(1935-1947)等通俗小说而闻名于世。但在20世纪30、40年代，川端康成作为编辑和女性小说作者，与女性文学杂志Shōjo no tomo(少女的朋友)有着密切的联系(shōjo shōsetsu)。本文通过对川端康成小说《少女的港湾》(1937-1938)和《美丽的旅程》(1939-1941)的分析，从他对少女文化的介入和占有的角度，对川端康成小说进行批判性的重新评价。川端康成对理想化shōjo的使用与他对女孩和成人的写作是一致的，并且与他在这个时期的作品中的法西斯美学和殖民意识形态是平行的。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.2008794
Michael P. Cronin
ABSTRACT The Great Hanshin Earthquake, which struck western Japan on 17 January 1995, ushered in a year of social, economic, and political upheaval. In his prize-winning short story ‘“Aboji” o fumu’, Oda Makoto employs the earthquake to explore this broader upheaval and the unresolved postwar tensions that it revealed, in particular the legacy of Japan’s colonization of Korea. This article offers a close reading of Oda’s story, contextualizing it within his other writings, the events of 1995, and broader postwar history, particularly the migrant flow between the Korean island of Jeju and the Hanshin (Osaka-Kobe) region. It examines how Oda uses images of land and water, fixity and flow, to undermine the coherence of the nation and substitutes an understanding of the colonial legacy grounded in the local. This reading offers an example of how to recognize the significance of this year of upheaval, as it is represented in Japanese cultural production in and around 1995, as marking the start of a rupture with the postwar order that would be confirmed two decades later by another, greater catastrophe at Fukushima.
1995年1月17日发生在日本西部的阪神大地震引发了一年的社会、经济和政治动荡。在他的获奖短篇小说《Aboji o fumu》中，Oda Makoto利用地震来探索更广泛的动荡和它所揭示的未解决的战后紧张局势，特别是日本殖民朝鲜的遗产。本文对小田的故事进行了细致的解读，将其置于他的其他作品、1995年的事件以及更广泛的战后历史背景中，尤其是韩国济州岛和阪神地区之间的移民流动。它考察了小田是如何利用土地和水、固定和流动的形象来破坏国家的一致性，并取代了对扎根于当地的殖民遗产的理解。这种解读提供了一个例子，告诉我们如何认识到这一年动荡的意义，因为它体现在1995年前后的日本文化生产中，标志着与战后秩序决裂的开始，而20年后，另一场更大的福岛灾难证实了这一点。
{"title":"Between Jeju and Hanshin: Intimate Migration","authors":"Michael P. Cronin","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.2008794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.2008794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Great Hanshin Earthquake, which struck western Japan on 17 January 1995, ushered in a year of social, economic, and political upheaval. In his prize-winning short story ‘“Aboji” o fumu’, Oda Makoto employs the earthquake to explore this broader upheaval and the unresolved postwar tensions that it revealed, in particular the legacy of Japan’s colonization of Korea. This article offers a close reading of Oda’s story, contextualizing it within his other writings, the events of 1995, and broader postwar history, particularly the migrant flow between the Korean island of Jeju and the Hanshin (Osaka-Kobe) region. It examines how Oda uses images of land and water, fixity and flow, to undermine the coherence of the nation and substitutes an understanding of the colonial legacy grounded in the local. This reading offers an example of how to recognize the significance of this year of upheaval, as it is represented in Japanese cultural production in and around 1995, as marking the start of a rupture with the postwar order that would be confirmed two decades later by another, greater catastrophe at Fukushima.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"323 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.2008236
Irina Holca
ABSTRACT This article examines the works of modernist poet Sagawa Chika (1911–1936) and her translator Sawako Nakayasu (b.1975), analyzing how they both intersect translation and creation, problematizing issues of gender. Sawako Nakayasu’s Mouth: Eats color (2011) is a collection mixing English, Japanese, French, and Spanish ‘translations, anti-translations, and originals’, which have as a starting point Sagawa Chika’s poems. I first discuss Sagawa’s work translating writers such as James Joyce, Charles Reznikoff, and others, focusing on the way in which she develops a unique poetic vocabulary through translation, setting her apart within the (male-centered) modernist movement. Next, I analyze the way Nakayasu approaches Sagawa’s texts when rendering them into English, making the translation process visible and positioning some of the results as nijisōsaku (spin-offs), or ‘transcreations’. My analysis of the above-mentioned texts will shed light on translation, self-translation, and anti-translation as methods through which the woman poet-translator explores unique ways of being and writing in the world. Special attention will be paid to translation as anthropophagy from the margins, that is, as a process of consuming and metabolizing central discourses, sometimes beyond recognition.
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Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1966298
Rie Karatsu
This study analyzes national discourses on the representation of the countryside and gender in Makoto Shinkai’s anime, Your Name (2016), a fictional response to larger national policies and an imag...
{"title":"Rewriting 3.11 and Feminization of the Countryside: National Discourses in Shinkai Makoto’s Your Name (2016)","authors":"Rie Karatsu","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1966298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1966298","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes national discourses on the representation of the countryside and gender in Makoto Shinkai’s anime, Your Name (2016), a fictional response to larger national policies and an imag...","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1944071
Stacey Steele, Geraldine Carney
ABSTRACT This article analyses attempts by City of Osaka public servants to use the Japanese legal system to thwart the policies of controversial mayor, Tōru Hashimoto (2011 to 2015). The cases demonstrate a clash between conservative and progressive views about the line between state and public realms which is at the heart of debates about privacy. The cases’ other key theme, tattoos, and their historically ambiguous position in Japanese society, further exacerbated the tension between the two sides during Hashimoto’s term of office, with young lawyers taking up the fight on behalf of the public servants in court. The role of the courts and the use of the legal system to advance personal rights are another overarching theme of this article. The cases are analysed from a doctrinal perspective whilst their social and political contexts are also examined.
{"title":"Tattoos, Privacy and Tōru Hashimoto: A Contemporary Attempt to use the Legal System to Protect Individual Rights in Japan","authors":"Stacey Steele, Geraldine Carney","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1944071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1944071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses attempts by City of Osaka public servants to use the Japanese legal system to thwart the policies of controversial mayor, Tōru Hashimoto (2011 to 2015). The cases demonstrate a clash between conservative and progressive views about the line between state and public realms which is at the heart of debates about privacy. The cases’ other key theme, tattoos, and their historically ambiguous position in Japanese society, further exacerbated the tension between the two sides during Hashimoto’s term of office, with young lawyers taking up the fight on behalf of the public servants in court. The role of the courts and the use of the legal system to advance personal rights are another overarching theme of this article. The cases are analysed from a doctrinal perspective whilst their social and political contexts are also examined.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"181 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46269827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1940900
Miriam Kingsberg Kadia
{"title":"The Art of Persistence: Akamatsu Toshiko and the Visual Cultures of Transwar Japan","authors":"Miriam Kingsberg Kadia","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1940900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1940900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"262 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10371397.2021.1940900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1948321
Timo Thelen
ABSTRACT This article investigates the first representation of LGBTQ characters in an asadora (Japanese morning drama), arguably the most conservative and ‘traditional’ series format in contemporary Japanese television. I suggest that the introduction of an openly gay character in 2018’s Hanbun, aoi can be accounted for by appeal to two factors. First, this particular series’ thematic focus on failure, manga, and nostalgia for the 1990s, including the ‘gay boom’ associated with that decade, motivated the depiction of a gay character. Second, Japan’s political agenda in the 2010s encouraged the positive reinterpretation of sexual minorities as important new consumers and a tourist niche, especially with an eye to the blockbuster international event that was meant to be the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. However, the superficial and highly stereotyped representation offered in Hanbun, aoi reflects a contemporary strategy in Japanese mass media and politics: namely, that of celebrating ‘LGBT-friendliness’ as a promotional or marketing move, while avoiding substantive discussions about critical LGBTQ issues like discrimination and legal rights.
{"title":"Between 1990s’ Nostalgia and ‘LGBT-friendly’ Tokyo Olympics: Representations of LGBTQ People in NHK’s Morning Drama Series","authors":"Timo Thelen","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1948321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1948321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the first representation of LGBTQ characters in an asadora (Japanese morning drama), arguably the most conservative and ‘traditional’ series format in contemporary Japanese television. I suggest that the introduction of an openly gay character in 2018’s Hanbun, aoi can be accounted for by appeal to two factors. First, this particular series’ thematic focus on failure, manga, and nostalgia for the 1990s, including the ‘gay boom’ associated with that decade, motivated the depiction of a gay character. Second, Japan’s political agenda in the 2010s encouraged the positive reinterpretation of sexual minorities as important new consumers and a tourist niche, especially with an eye to the blockbuster international event that was meant to be the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. However, the superficial and highly stereotyped representation offered in Hanbun, aoi reflects a contemporary strategy in Japanese mass media and politics: namely, that of celebrating ‘LGBT-friendliness’ as a promotional or marketing move, while avoiding substantive discussions about critical LGBTQ issues like discrimination and legal rights.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"241 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10371397.2021.1948321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1952860
Deepra Dandekar
{"title":"Healing Labor: Japanese Sex Work in the Gendered Economy","authors":"Deepra Dandekar","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1952860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1952860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"257 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10371397.2021.1952860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41894864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10371397.2021.1940899
Jelena Košinaga
for their actions) and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Toshi and her husband are today perhaps best remembered for their work on the latter subject. After hearing news of the bomb in August 1945, they rushed to Maruki Iri’s native city to check on his family. Initially the sights they witnessed stunned and horrified them to the point of artistic inexpressiveness. Gradually, however, they came to feel a sense of responsibility to depict the carnage – and perhaps even a sense of responsibility for the carnage. The collaborative paintings produced and exhibited by the couple in the early 1950s bear witness to a gradual evolution of perspective from simple victimhood to ‘a polyphonic engagement with issues of suffering, aggression, and culpability’ (222). Inserting her own image as a perpetrator of violence against American POWs into scenes of the apocalyptic aftermath of the bomb, Toshi perhaps acknowledged the moral inadequacy of her wartime conduct and outlook. Beautifully produced by the University of Hawai`i Press, The art of persistence boasts dozens of reproductions of Toshi’s art (including 15 color plates), allowing the reader to follow along as the author describes and deconstructs each work. Eubanks is not an art historian, and Toshi’s contributions, merit, and technique await a fuller analysis from this perspective. However, by highlighting the richness of her oeuvre, both in terms of creative production and personal documentation, The art of persistence makes an excellent case for such a project.
{"title":"Transcending Self and Other Through Akogare [Desire]: The English Language and the Internationalization of Higher Education in Japan","authors":"Jelena Košinaga","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2021.1940899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2021.1940899","url":null,"abstract":"for their actions) and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Toshi and her husband are today perhaps best remembered for their work on the latter subject. After hearing news of the bomb in August 1945, they rushed to Maruki Iri’s native city to check on his family. Initially the sights they witnessed stunned and horrified them to the point of artistic inexpressiveness. Gradually, however, they came to feel a sense of responsibility to depict the carnage – and perhaps even a sense of responsibility for the carnage. The collaborative paintings produced and exhibited by the couple in the early 1950s bear witness to a gradual evolution of perspective from simple victimhood to ‘a polyphonic engagement with issues of suffering, aggression, and culpability’ (222). Inserting her own image as a perpetrator of violence against American POWs into scenes of the apocalyptic aftermath of the bomb, Toshi perhaps acknowledged the moral inadequacy of her wartime conduct and outlook. Beautifully produced by the University of Hawai`i Press, The art of persistence boasts dozens of reproductions of Toshi’s art (including 15 color plates), allowing the reader to follow along as the author describes and deconstructs each work. Eubanks is not an art historian, and Toshi’s contributions, merit, and technique await a fuller analysis from this perspective. However, by highlighting the richness of her oeuvre, both in terms of creative production and personal documentation, The art of persistence makes an excellent case for such a project.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"264 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10371397.2021.1940899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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