The disruptive innovation of e-commerce on incoming and outgoing flows has led to a marked increase in traffic volumes over the so-called last mile. This increase has inevitably impacted urban infrastructures ill prepared for such higher flows and related negative externalities. Moreover, fierce competition and ever more complex customer demand weigh on firms' logistic chains in the form of increased delivery charges and operational inefficiencies simply to preserve market share. This situation is likely to worsen as e-commerce continues to expand and uncertainty over Covid 19 persists. The last mile is a rapidly changing yet problematic link in the logistic chain since: - customers expect free and fast delivery;- logistic companies need to satisfy increasingly demanding customer delivery needs;- urban roads, already overloaded with flows of people and traditional goods, face significant increases in the size of these flows together with the rapid speed of change;- these complex changes are not a priority on policy makers' agenda. All these changes will transform the concept of the city. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the current condition for urban deliveries as well as to analyse challenges and identify opportunities for future improvements. This paper reviews recent developments in e-commerce and the urban freight transport solutions used. Specifically, the work provides a complete overview of the critical factors affecting e-Commerce's last mile (failed deliveries, returns, packaging, role of customer satisfaction). The paper also highlights gaps in current research on the topic (i.e. data collection on load factors, externalities, warehousing space and related impacts) as well as within the political agenda (i.e. regulation for efficiency in delivery, planning of collection points and their accessibility, green urban policies, consumer environmental awareness).
{"title":"E-Commerce and the Last Mile in Urban Goods Distribution: Criticalities and the Need for Change","authors":"C. Burlando, Andrea Vella","doi":"10.19272/202106702001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/202106702001","url":null,"abstract":"The disruptive innovation of e-commerce on incoming and outgoing flows has led to a marked increase in traffic volumes over the so-called last mile. This increase has inevitably impacted urban infrastructures ill prepared for such higher flows and related negative externalities. Moreover, fierce competition and ever more complex customer demand weigh on firms' logistic chains in the form of increased delivery charges and operational inefficiencies simply to preserve market share. This situation is likely to worsen as e-commerce continues to expand and uncertainty over Covid 19 persists. The last mile is a rapidly changing yet problematic link in the logistic chain since: - customers expect free and fast delivery;- logistic companies need to satisfy increasingly demanding customer delivery needs;- urban roads, already overloaded with flows of people and traditional goods, face significant increases in the size of these flows together with the rapid speed of change;- these complex changes are not a priority on policy makers' agenda. All these changes will transform the concept of the city. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the current condition for urban deliveries as well as to analyse challenges and identify opportunities for future improvements. This paper reviews recent developments in e-commerce and the urban freight transport solutions used. Specifically, the work provides a complete overview of the critical factors affecting e-Commerce's last mile (failed deliveries, returns, packaging, role of customer satisfaction). The paper also highlights gaps in current research on the topic (i.e. data collection on load factors, externalities, warehousing space and related impacts) as well as within the political agenda (i.e. regulation for efficiency in delivery, planning of collection points and their accessibility, green urban policies, consumer environmental awareness).","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89304031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long-term efficiency of transport operator profit and the benefits for passengers conduce to opposite results. Actually, intervention by previous decision-makers to pursue one of the two goals generate opposite results on the other, forcing decision-makers to a difficult trade-off. The aim of this work is to provide a model that analyses, in an integrated perspective, operation and Service Policies (SPs), making an appropriate synthesis on both policies. This work proposes a cost-model formulation to optimize the merged operation and SPs to improve the current exploitation strategies according the service and maintenance activities. The proposed work is based on the following approaches : (i) a numerical model for the operation policy to determine the profit value of different working periods ; (ii) a stochastic process for the passenger flow that considers the uncertainty of passenger travel to compute the benefits according to their travel time ; and (iii) a cost-based optimization to bring together the operation and SPs. Finally, the proposed optimization model is applied to a massive urban ropeway operation of a public transportation system, in which the current SPs has been evaluated, considering the established transportation operation.
{"title":"Combined optimization methodology for operational planning and service policies: a case study of urban ropeway transport","authors":"R. Martinod, O. Bistorin, L. Castañeda, N. Rezg","doi":"10.19272/202006703006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/202006703006","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term efficiency of transport operator profit and the benefits for passengers conduce to opposite results. Actually, intervention by previous decision-makers to pursue one of the two goals generate opposite results on the other, forcing decision-makers to a difficult trade-off. The aim of this work is to provide a model that analyses, in an integrated perspective, operation and Service Policies (SPs), making an appropriate synthesis on both policies. This work proposes a cost-model formulation to optimize the merged operation and SPs to improve the current exploitation strategies according the service and maintenance activities. The proposed work is based on the following approaches : (i) a numerical model for the operation policy to determine the profit value of different working periods ; (ii) a stochastic process for the passenger flow that considers the uncertainty of passenger travel to compute the benefits according to their travel time ; and (iii) a cost-based optimization to bring together the operation and SPs. Finally, the proposed optimization model is applied to a massive urban ropeway operation of a public transportation system, in which the current SPs has been evaluated, considering the established transportation operation.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82872762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can process and lean thinking optimize order picking performance","authors":"Sanja Dalton, Bijana Stošić","doi":"10.19272/202006704001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/202006704001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80710713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lan Yu, Lianjie Jin, Zixuan Peng, Jiaming Liu, Yonglei Jiang, Baozhen Yao
{"title":"An Analysis of Inverse of Airport Choice Leakage in China Multi-Airport Regions","authors":"Lan Yu, Lianjie Jin, Zixuan Peng, Jiaming Liu, Yonglei Jiang, Baozhen Yao","doi":"10.19272/202006701005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/202006701005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73165727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical analysis of Texas state highways' cost indices","authors":"Amirreza Mahpour","doi":"10.19272/202006701002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/202006701002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86317767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leentje Ann Sourbron, J. Roosen, W. Marneffe, Lode Vereeck
alternative financing; evidence-based policy; road safety; Social Impact Bonds; social impact investment
替代性融资;以证据为基础的政策;道路安全;社会影响债券;社会影响投资
{"title":"The feasibility of road safety bonds","authors":"Leentje Ann Sourbron, J. Roosen, W. Marneffe, Lode Vereeck","doi":"10.19272/201906702005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/201906702005","url":null,"abstract":"alternative financing; evidence-based policy; road safety; Social Impact Bonds; social impact investment","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91118262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of systemic elements in autonomous vehicles platooning","authors":"B. Song, Y. Ko","doi":"10.19272/201906704004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/201906704004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87958528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sanz, Rafael Pastor Moreno, Ernest Benedito Benet, Bruno Domenech Léga
Urban Freight Transport (UFT) entails significant advantages for the economic growth of cities, but can also hamper population quality of life, obstructing vehicles and people movements while exacerbating environmental problems. Many initiatives have been engaged by many city administrators in order to efficiently manage UFT, evaluating different policies at a global scale. From the perspective of operators, most works analyze a limited set of policies or only focus on the benefits of companies. In this work, a decisionmaking process is used to evaluate a large set of UFT policies, through different attributes representing the advantages and limitations of each policy over promoter companies and the society. To do so, an ex-ante procedure in five steps is proposed to classify the policies: (1) attributes definition, (2) attributes weighting, (3) policy-attribute assessment, (4) policy ranking, and (5) feasibility threshold satisfaction. The whole process is supported on consultations to 26 experts regarding shop supply and restocking activities within complex urban environments. Results show a classification of the analyzed policies, according to their suitability for implementation ; which could be extended (directly or with small adjustments) to other contexts, given the flexibility of the decision-making procedure developed.
{"title":"Evaluating urban freight transport policies within complex urban environments","authors":"G. Sanz, Rafael Pastor Moreno, Ernest Benedito Benet, Bruno Domenech Léga","doi":"10.19272/201806703008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/201806703008","url":null,"abstract":"Urban Freight Transport (UFT) entails significant advantages for the economic growth of cities, but can also hamper population quality of life, obstructing vehicles and people movements while exacerbating environmental problems. Many initiatives have been engaged by many city administrators in order to efficiently manage UFT, evaluating different policies at a global scale. From the perspective of operators, most works analyze a limited set of policies or only focus on the benefits of companies. In this work, a decisionmaking process is used to evaluate a large set of UFT policies, through different attributes representing the advantages and limitations of each policy over promoter companies and the society. To do so, an ex-ante procedure in five steps is proposed to classify the policies: (1) attributes definition, (2) attributes weighting, (3) policy-attribute assessment, (4) policy ranking, and (5) feasibility threshold satisfaction. The whole process is supported on consultations to 26 experts regarding shop supply and restocking activities within complex urban environments. Results show a classification of the analyzed policies, according to their suitability for implementation ; which could be extended (directly or with small adjustments) to other contexts, given the flexibility of the decision-making procedure developed.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90247037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Polinori, E. Marcucci, V. Gatta, Simona Bigerna, C. Bollino, Silvia Micheli
{"title":"Eco-labeling and sustainable urban freight transport : How much are people willing to pay for green logistics ?","authors":"Paolo Polinori, E. Marcucci, V. Gatta, Simona Bigerna, C. Bollino, Silvia Micheli","doi":"10.19272/201806704006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/201806704006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80794038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of major transport projects in terms of resources should be always a critical factor in decision-making. The method traditionally used to evaluate the socioeconomic profitability of investments in transport infrastructure is cost-benefit analysis. However, efficiency benefits are unevenly distributed among the project’s stakeholders and, in practice, transport infrastructure investment entails a diversity of redistributive effects that are actually relevant in the decision-making process. The reality is that investment decisions are made on the basis of some form of explicit or implicit use of multi-criteria analysis encompassing both the results obtained in the cost-benefit analysis and other policy (or simply political) considerations implying some sort of redistribution. This paper proposes a classification of the differential impacts of major transport infrastructure projects (redistribution effects), including territorial, social, environmental and intergenerational impacts. Its aim is to generate awareness of their existence and to facilitate their consideration in the decision-making process so it becomes more transparent. Redistribution effects, which should be considered alongside the socioeconomic and financial assessment, are seldom reflected in a systematic way in the decisions on major infrastructure investments. The proposed classification should facilitate a more consistent incorporation of these effects in the decision-making process.
{"title":"A classification for the redistributive effects of investments in transport infrastructure","authors":"Domingo Penyalver, M. T. Calvet","doi":"10.19272/201806704008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19272/201806704008","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of major transport projects in terms of resources should be always a critical factor in decision-making. The method traditionally used to evaluate the socioeconomic profitability of investments in transport infrastructure is cost-benefit analysis. However, efficiency benefits are unevenly distributed among the project’s stakeholders and, in practice, transport infrastructure investment entails a diversity of redistributive effects that are actually relevant in the decision-making process. The reality is that investment decisions are made on the basis of some form of explicit or implicit use of multi-criteria analysis encompassing both the results obtained in the cost-benefit analysis and other policy (or simply political) considerations implying some sort of redistribution. This paper proposes a classification of the differential impacts of major transport infrastructure projects (redistribution effects), including territorial, social, environmental and intergenerational impacts. Its aim is to generate awareness of their existence and to facilitate their consideration in the decision-making process so it becomes more transparent. Redistribution effects, which should be considered alongside the socioeconomic and financial assessment, are seldom reflected in a systematic way in the decisions on major infrastructure investments. The proposed classification should facilitate a more consistent incorporation of these effects in the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90252579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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