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The Role of Ports in the Development of Mediterranean Islands 港口在地中海岛屿发展中的作用
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1400/99565
M. Acciaro
This paper examines the role of ports in the economy of Sardinia by means of the employment generated by port and port-related industries. The subject is important since Sardinia and other Mediterranean islands suff er from chronic unemployment and poor economic performance. The increase of the Europe-Asia commercial fl ows, the European Union enlargement and the renewed centrality of the Mediterranean have induced optimistic expectations on the development opportunities that may be created for the island communities by the maritime and port sectors. The employment generated by the maritime and port industry is an essential, although partial, measurement of the development impact of ports. Therefore its quantifi cation is indispensable in order to correctly estimate the impacts that a more central role of the Mediterranean might have on the local island economies. In the case of Sardinia, ports generate approximately three percent of the total island employment, and over eight percent on average of the employment of the single municipalities. This result adds to the vital role that ports have to play as transportationnodes and in creating value added.
本文通过港口和港口相关产业所产生的就业,考察了港口在撒丁岛经济中的作用。这个问题很重要,因为撒丁岛和其他地中海岛屿长期失业,经济表现不佳。欧洲-亚洲商业流动的增加、欧洲联盟的扩大和地中海的重新中心地位使人们对海洋和港口部门可能为岛屿社区创造的发展机会产生了乐观的期望。海运和港口工业创造的就业机会是衡量港口发展影响的一个重要指标,尽管只是部分指标。因此,它的量化是必不可少的,以便正确估计地中海更核心的作用可能对当地岛屿经济产生的影响。就撒丁岛而言,港口创造的就业人数约占全岛就业人数的3%,平均占单个城市就业人数的8%以上。这一结果增加了港口作为运输节点和创造附加值的重要作用。
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引用次数: 21
Marginal Costs and Capacity Utilization: Calculating Short-Run, Medium-Term, and Long-Run Marginal Costs in the Ferry Industry 边际成本与产能利用率:计算轮渡业的短期、中期和长期边际成本
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1400/99568
T. Mathisen
In order for Norwegian ferry industry short-run, medium-term and long-run marginal costs (LRMC) to be simultaneously estimated, there is application of a multi-product cost model. Three capacity utilization measures define the independent variable whose interrelationships are used to calculate marginal cost concepts. In this model, capacity utilization's important role is specifically addressed. Fares should be based on marginal costs for welfare to be maximized. Norwegian ferry industry 2003 empirical data shows that with respect to LRMC, short-distance crossing passengers are charged relatively higher than long-distance crossing passengers. From a marginal-cost pricing perspective, therefore, this highly regulated industry's fare scheme is not welfare optimal.
为了同时估算挪威轮渡行业的短期、中期和长期边际成本(LRMC),应用了多产品成本模型。三个产能利用率度量定义了自变量,它们之间的相互关系用于计算边际成本概念。在这个模型中,专门讨论了产能利用率的重要作用。票价应以福利最大化的边际成本为基础。挪威渡轮行业2003年的实证数据显示,相对于LRMC而言,短途过境旅客的收费相对高于长途过境旅客。因此,从边际成本定价的角度来看,这个高度管制的行业的票价方案并不是福利最优的。
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引用次数: 11
Economic impact of western Mediterranean leisure ports 地中海西部休闲港口的经济影响
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1400/96866
J. Guerrero, Luisa Martí Selva, R. P. Medina
A homogeneous economic impact analysis of a selection of Western Mediterranean leisure ports is presented by the authors. Leontif's quantities model and input-output analysis quantify impact. Comparative analysis of various port infrastructures is possible because of this study. The authors can ascertain such installations' direct, indirect, and induced effects on the area when they are located when study results are used as a basis.
作者对地中海西部休闲港口的选择进行了同质经济影响分析。Leontif的数量模型和投入产出分析量化了影响。由于这项研究,可以对各种港口基础设施进行比较分析。以研究结果为依据,作者可以确定这些设施对该地区的直接、间接和诱发影响。
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引用次数: 17
Air Cargo as an Impetus for Economic Growth through the Channel of Openness : the Case of OECD Countries. 航空货运通过开放渠道推动经济增长:以经合组织国家为例。
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1400/91930
Y. Ying, Chun-ping Chang, M. Hsieh
Against the backdrop of a steep rise in the volume of air cargo, an ever expanding openness in trade policy, and increased international market integration, there is development of an empirical model for relationships to be examined between trade policy, air freight volume and per capita GDP openness. For the sample consisting of OECD member countries during the 1970-2002 period, Pedroni's panel cointegration test is used and fully modified OLS techniques are employed. Cointegrated relationship among these variables are fully supported by the empirical findings, with air freight shocks and positive trade accounting for marked real per capita GDP contributions. That air cargo is indeed an economic growth stimulation engine via the channel of openness is confirmed through a panel seemingly unrelated regression estimation. Important policy implications for policymakers emerge in sample countries from concrete evidence.
在航空货运量急剧上升、贸易政策开放程度不断扩大、国际市场一体化程度不断提高的背景下,研究人员开发了一个实证模型,用于研究贸易政策、航空货运量和人均国内生产总值开放程度之间的关系。对于OECD成员国1970-2002年的样本,采用Pedroni面板协整检验,采用完全修正的OLS技术。这些变量之间的协整关系得到实证研究结果的充分支持,航空货运冲击和积极的贸易占显着的实际人均GDP贡献。通过一个看似无关的面板回归估计,证实了航空货运确实是通过开放渠道刺激经济增长的引擎。从具体证据中可以看出样本国家对政策制定者的重要政策影响。
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引用次数: 5
Performance Measurement of U.S. Transit Systems, 1982-2001 1982-2001年美国交通系统绩效评估
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1400/91929
B. Sloboda
Progressive total factor productivity changes of U.S. transit systems are examined in this paper using non-parametric frontier techniques. Farrell's measure or single period efficiency measures for 1982-2001 were applied to the first part of the analysis. Then the panel data had the Malmquist productivity index applied to it, and, for the period 1982 to 2001 for transit systems, the total factor productivity growth was partitioned into technical efficiency change and technological progress. There can be further partitioning of the efficiency measure into scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, as the analysis gives, since there is application of variable return to scale. That analysis results revealed that transit system average loss was .10 percent for the sample, with the decline attributed to efficiency, was available through empirical results applying the Malmquist productivity index.
本文采用非参数前沿技术研究了美国交通系统全要素生产率的递进变化。法雷尔的措施或1982-2001年的单期效率措施应用于分析的第一部分。然后将面板数据应用Malmquist生产率指数,并将1982年至2001年期间运输系统的全要素生产率增长划分为技术效率变化和技术进步。正如分析所给出的那样,由于存在对规模的可变回报的应用,因此可以将效率度量进一步划分为规模效率和纯技术效率。分析结果显示,该样本的交通系统平均损失为0.10%,其下降归因于效率,可通过应用Malmquist生产率指数的实证结果获得。
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引用次数: 1
Measuring the Efficiency of Ariports in China with the DEA and Endogenous-Weight TFP Methods. 基于DEA和内生权重TFP方法的中国机场效率测度
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1400/91931
C. Chow, M. Fung, J. Law, Y. V. Hui
The study of Chinese airport efficiency has been largely neglected, despite the Chinese civil aviation industry's recent impressive growth. The authors used the Data Envelopment Analysis and Endogenous-Weight Total Factor Productivity methods to study Chinese airport operational efficiency at 41 facilities, including regional airports, regional hubs, and international hubs. The study's empirical results show that among Chinese airports there is a statistically significant operational efficiency variation, and that strongly increasing returns to scale are exhibited by most Chinese airports, especially relatively efficient ones. Accordingly, a significant widening of the efficiency gap between Chinese airports may occur if investment is focused solely on efficient airports. A policy may need to be devised by the Civil Aviation Administration of China, therefore, not only to improve the operational efficiency of major airports, but also to maintain balanced regional airport development nationwide.
尽管中国民用航空业最近取得了令人瞩目的增长,但对中国机场效率的研究在很大程度上被忽视了。作者采用数据包络分析和内生权重全要素生产率方法研究了中国41个机场设施的机场运营效率,包括区域机场、区域枢纽和国际枢纽。研究的实证结果表明,中国各机场之间的运营效率差异具有统计学上的显著性,并且大多数中国机场,特别是相对高效的机场,都表现出较强的规模收益增长。因此,如果投资仅仅集中在高效机场上,中国机场之间的效率差距可能会显著扩大。因此,中国民用航空局可能需要制定一项政策,不仅要提高主要机场的运营效率,还要保持全国区域机场的平衡发展。
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引用次数: 16
DEMAND FOR GASOLINE IN JAPAN 日本的汽油需求
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1400/80991
R. Koshal, Manjulika Koshal, Yuko Yamada, S. Miyazima, Keizo Yamamoto
A partial adjustment model is suggested and estimated by this study in order to explore the relationship between per capita income, price of substitute goods, and price of gasoline in Japan. The suggested model is estimated through application of the ordinary squares methods to 1957-99 time-series data. That income, price of substitute goods, price of gasoline, and previous consumption behavior are significant variables in determining gasoline consumption in Japan is suggested through study statistical analysis. In the short run, gasoline demand elasticity is inelastic with respect to income and price, 0.296 and -0.115 respectively. In the long run, however, with respect to gasoline demands, there is a tendency for income to be slightly elastic, 1.056, with price elasticity remaining inelastic, -0.411.
为了探讨日本人均收入、代用品价格和汽油价格之间的关系,本研究提出并估计了一个部分调整模型。采用普通平方法对1957- 1999年的时间序列数据进行了估计。通过研究统计分析,提出收入、代用品价格、汽油价格和以往消费行为是决定日本汽油消费的重要变量。短期内,汽油需求弹性相对于收入和价格是非弹性的,分别为0.296和-0.115。然而,从长期来看,就汽油需求而言,收入有轻微弹性的趋势,为1.056,价格弹性保持无弹性,为-0.411。
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引用次数: 11
Political Opportunists and Mavericks? A Typology of Spanish Airports 政治机会主义者和特立独行者?西班牙机场类型学
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1400/68085
C. Román, Juan Carlos Martín
The authors present a framework for investigating Spanish airport economic efficiency, since the airport industry ensures that international air services that are fully competitive are accessible to cities. The authors review literature on different methodologies for measuring and actual measurement of airport efficiency to gain insight into airport typology proposals. All possible airport business forms, including public service, political opportunist, and commercial, fall within the investigation's scope. Two ideal airport types are presented by the authors in the resulting typology: mavericks and public service facilities or political opportunists. Using one-way analysis and cross-efficiency methodology of variance using "peered" and "self" multipliers to assess airport typology research, the authors demonstrate that there is robust economic performance by the mavericks, while the other group is highly dependent on multiplier selection. Maverick classification, which does not depend on multiplier selection, is quite stable. The authors recommend how economic efficiency can be fostered by further research that typology can contribute to.
作者提出了一个调查西班牙机场经济效率的框架,因为机场工业确保了城市能够获得充分竞争的国际航空服务。作者回顾了测量和实际测量机场效率的不同方法的文献,以深入了解机场类型学建议。所有可能的机场业务形式,包括公共服务、政治机会主义和商业,都属于调查范围。作者在最终的类型学中提出了两种理想的机场类型:特立独行者和公共服务设施或政治机会主义者。作者使用单向分析和交叉效率方差方法,使用“对等”和“自我”乘数来评估机场类型学研究,结果表明,特立独行者的经济表现强劲,而另一组则高度依赖乘数选择。特立独行分类,不依赖于乘数选择,是相当稳定的。作者建议如何通过类型学可以促进的进一步研究来促进经济效率。
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引用次数: 15
Does the Sample Size Matter in Estimating Toll Elasticity 在估计收费弹性时,样本量重要吗
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1400/68086
Yasuo Nishiyama, R. Courtney
The authors discuss how San Francisco Bay area automobile traffic across the Golden Gate Bridge was impacted by the toll hike in September 2002. Using a recursive estimation technique, repeatedly updated toll elasticities for each day of the week are obtained. Results suggest that researchers analyzing given fixed sample size based toll elasticity estimates should be cautious, and that two or more years are needed for bridge users to fully adjust to a toll increase, since estimates begin to stabilize after 24 to 30 months of considerable instability being exhibited.
作者讨论了2002年9月金门大桥收费上调对旧金山湾区汽车交通的影响。使用递归估计技术,反复更新收费弹性为一周中的每一天得到。研究结果表明,基于固定样本量的通行费弹性估计的研究人员应该谨慎,桥梁用户需要两年或更长时间才能完全适应通行费的增加,因为在显示出相当不稳定的24至30个月后,估计开始趋于稳定。
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引用次数: 1
Valuing Travel Time and Its Variation Level Projected as Traffic Information on a Roadside VMS Board : A SP Approach 路边VMS板上交通信息预测的出行时间及其变化水平:一种SP方法
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.1400/68084
B. Maitra, Debasis Basu
The authors discuss how trip makers' route choice behavior is influenced by travel time valuation and variation levels on a road side variable message sign (VMS) board's instantaneous traffic information. The authors study two types of trip makers - taxi and private car - in two Kolkata Metro City, India competitive taxi traffic corridors. Both random parameter logit (RPL) and multinomial logit (MNL) models are used to capture responses for travel time and its variation level values estimation through a stated preference (choice based) experiment. Two RPL model types are developed assuming random parameters constrained triangular distribution: one with random parameter mean (i.e. travel time) surrounded by accounting heterogeneity and the other with independent choice sets. Valuing different levels of variation shows non-linearity existence. The authors note that mean travel time estimation heterogeneity is decomposed through trip purpose and family income.
本文讨论了行车时间估值和路侧可变信息标牌(VMS)瞬时交通信息变化水平对出行者路线选择行为的影响。作者研究了两种类型的出行者——出租车和私家车——在印度加尔各答地铁城市竞争激烈的出租车交通走廊。采用随机参数logit (RPL)和多项logit (MNL)模型,通过陈述偏好(基于选择的)实验来捕获旅行时间及其变化水平值的响应。建立了两种RPL模型类型,假设随机参数约束三角形分布:一种是随机参数平均值(即旅行时间)被会计异质性包围,另一种是独立的选择集。重视不同程度的变化表明非线性的存在。作者注意到,平均出行时间估计的异质性通过出行目的和家庭收入来分解。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Transport Economics
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