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Preserving Indian Languages and Ancient Scripts through Language Documentation and Digital Archiving 通过语言文档和数字存档保存印度语言和古代文字
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16441
Editorial Desk
Unity in diversity is one of the most distinctive features of Indian civilization. From Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari, every region portrays different customs, cultural traditions, and mother tongues. India is a country of multiple languages and ancient scripts. According to the 2011 census report, 1950 mother tongues were spoken/in use in India. Under Article 344 of the Indian Constitution, only 15 languages ​​were initially recognized as the official language. The 21st Constitution Amendment gave Sindhi the official language status. Based on the 71st Constitution Amendment, the Nepali, Konkani, and Manipuri languages were also included in the above list. Later, by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act, 2003, four new languages ​​Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali, were included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Thus, now 22 languages ​​have been given the status of official language in the Indian Constitution. The total number of people speaking these 22 languages ​​in India is 90%. Apart from these 22 languages, English is also the official language and is also the official language of Mizoram, Nagaland, and Meghalaya. In all, 60 languages ​​are being taught in schools in India. There was an excellent response to the call for papers for Special Issue on Language Documentation and Archiving of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT). A total of about 13 Papers were received for the special issue. Based on the review and relevancy of the particular theme, seven papers have been selected for publication in the special issue on Language Documentation and Archiving.
多样性中的统一是印度文明最鲜明的特征之一。从查谟和克什米尔到Kanyakumari,每个地区都有不同的习俗、文化传统和母语。印度是一个拥有多种语言和古代文字的国家。根据2011年人口普查报告,印度使用了1950种母语。根据《印度宪法》第344条,只有15种语言​​最初被公认为官方语言。第21条宪法修正案赋予信德省官方语言地位。根据第71次宪法修正案,尼泊尔语、康卡尼语和曼尼普尔语也被列入上述名单。后来,根据2003年第92次宪法修正案,四种新语言​​博多、多格里、迈提利和桑塔利被列入《宪法》附表八。因此,现在有22种语言​​在印度宪法中被赋予了官方语言的地位。说这22种语言的总人数​​在印度是90%。除了这22种语言外,英语也是官方语言,也是米佐拉姆邦、那加兰邦和梅加拉亚邦的官方语言。总共60种语言​​正在印度的学校里教授。关于为DESIDOC《图书馆和信息技术杂志》(DJLIT)的语言文档和归档特刊征集论文的呼吁得到了极好的回应。特刊共收到约13篇论文。根据对特定主题的审查和相关性,已选定七篇论文发表在《语言文档和归档》特刊上。
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引用次数: 0
Recognising Devanagari Script by Deep Structure Learning of Image Quadrants 利用图像象限的深度结构学习识别天成文书
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16336
Seba Susan, J. Malhotra
Ancient Indic languages were written in the Devanagari script from which most of the modern-day Indic writing systems have evolved. The digitisation of ancient Devanagari manuscripts, now archived in national museums, is a part of the language documentation and digital archiving initiative of the Government of India. The challenge in digitizing these handwritten scripts is the lack of adequate datasets for training machine learning models. In our work, we focus on the Devanagari script that has 46 categories of characters that makes training a difficult task, especially when the number of samples are few. We propose deep structure learning of image quadrants, based on learning the hidden state activations derived from convolutional neural networks that are trained separately on five image quadrants. The second phase of our learning module comprises of a deep neural network that learns the hidden state activations of the five convolutional neural networks, fused by concatenation. The experiments prove that the proposed deep structure learning outperforms the state of the art.
古代印度语是用梵文书写的,现代印度语的大部分书写系统都是从梵文演变而来的。目前在国家博物馆存档的古代天成文书手稿的数字化是印度政府语言文件和数字存档倡议的一部分。数字化这些手写脚本的挑战是缺乏足够的数据集来训练机器学习模型。在我们的工作中,我们专注于有46类字符的天成文书,这使得训练成为一项困难的任务,尤其是在样本数量很少的情况下。我们提出了图像象限的深度结构学习,基于学习从卷积神经网络导出的隐藏状态激活,卷积神经网络在五个图像象限上单独训练。我们学习模块的第二阶段包括一个深度神经网络,该网络学习通过级联融合的五个卷积神经网络的隐藏状态激活。实验证明,所提出的深度结构学习优于现有技术。
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引用次数: 9
Digital Archiving of Manuscripts freedom to Access the Glorious Indian Cultural Heritage Resources 手稿的数字存档自由访问光荣的印度文化遗产资源
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16332
P. S. Rajput
Explore the accessibility of manuscripts, facilities and services provided in the Library, Kundakunda Jnanapitha, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Discuss about the manuscripts containing the glorious ancient knowledge of Indian heritage and treasure. The main objective was to identify the satisfaction level of the users regarding collection, services, facilities, especially manuscripts resources provided by the library and find out the major problems encountered to access the digital manuscripts available in the Kundakunda Jnanapitha library. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. 150 questionnaires were distributed among the users and 122 were received and analysed. The maximum respondents (78.68 %) had high satisfaction with digital manuscripts and 80.32 per cent indicated less number of terminals as very high problem. Consequently suggests improvement strategies for better utilisation of the library resources.
探索印度中央邦印多尔Kundakunda Jnanapitha图书馆提供的手稿、设施和服务的可访问性。讨论包含印度遗产和宝藏的辉煌古代知识的手稿。主要目标是确定用户对图书馆提供的收藏、服务、设施,特别是手稿资源的满意度,并找出在访问Kundakunda Jnanapitha图书馆的数字手稿时遇到的主要问题。采用了结构良好的调查表来收集初步数据。向用户分发了150份问卷,收到并分析了122份。最多的受访者(78.68%)对数字手稿有很高的满意度,80.32%的人表示终端数量较少是非常严重的问题。因此提出了更好地利用图书馆资源的改进策略。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Archives Space an Open Source Solution for Digital Archiving 探索档案空间——数字存档的开源解决方案
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16330
Mayukh Sarkar, S. Biswas
The advent of digital and networking technologies has begun to embrace the genesis of the next-generation digital archive. The inclusion of cross-domain objects like manuscript documents, audio and video recordings, photographs, paintings, sculptures and other digitised cultural heritage materials increases the complexity of digital archiving in terms of preservation, collection, and discovery of these resources. Introducing a high definition information retrieval system to exhibit the library and museum’s digital resources to a maximum number of users in an open-access environment can satisfy the S. R. Ranganathan’s fourth law – save the time of reader as well as the staffs. Nevertheless, from the perspective of acquiring an advanced OPAC view (web-scale discovery interface) with index-based searching, metadata harvesting, and accessing the physical as well as digital holdings is always a better option for Archival Collections Management System (ACMS). This paper illustrates the fundamental notions and applications of ArchivesSpace, a useful open-source digital archiving toolkit of the contemporary world and analyses its relevance in digital language archiving.
数字和网络技术的出现已经开始拥抱下一代数字档案的起源。包括手稿文件、音频和视频记录、照片、绘画、雕塑和其他数字化文化遗产材料等跨领域对象,增加了数字档案在保存、收集和发现这些资源方面的复杂性。引入高清信息检索系统,在开放获取的环境中向最大数量的用户展示图书馆和博物馆的数字资源,可以满足s.R.Ranganathan的第四定律——节省读者和工作人员的时间。然而,从获取高级OPAC视图(网络规模的发现界面)的角度来看,通过基于索引的搜索、元数据收集以及访问物理和数字藏品始终是档案收藏管理系统(ACMS)的更好选择。本文阐述了ArchivesSpace的基本概念和应用,并分析了它在数字语言归档中的相关性。
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引用次数: 3
Language Analysis in Library OPAC designing an Open Source Software based Framework for Bibliographic Records in Mainstream and Tribal Languages 图书馆OPAC中的语言分析设计了一个基于开源软件的主流语言和部落语言书目记录框架
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16034
Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay, Anirban Dutta
It reports the development of an enhanced library OPAC prototype through integration of language analysis tool and book reader in the retrieval interface. Language analysis or text analytics is considered as one of the components of language documentation and when integrated with library OPAC can extend supports to analyse corpus of the retrieved document in terms of word/phrase frequency, term circus, term links, term context etc through visual representation in a single-window along with the other datasets generally expected in a typical library OPAC. The open source software based integration mechanism is tested with English and Bengali as mainstream languages and a Unicode-compliant Indian official tribal language Santali (Ol Chiki script) as minority language.
报告通过在检索界面中集成语言分析工具和图书阅读器,开发了一个增强的图书馆OPAC原型。语言分析或文本分析被认为是语言文档的组成部分之一,并且当与库集成时,OPAC可以扩展支持,以在单词/短语频率、术语循环、术语链接等方面分析检索到的文档的语料库,术语上下文等。基于开源软件的集成机制以英语和孟加拉语作为主流语言,以符合Unicode的印度官方部落语言Santali(Ol Chiki脚本)作为少数民族语言进行了测试。
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引用次数: 2
Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access of Heritage Knowledge in India 印度遗产知识的可持续数字保存和获取
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.15822
Akhlak Ahmad, Swadesh Sharma
India is an ancient country and its literature in the form of manuscripts is as rich as its culture. These heritage resources need to be documented and preserved by digitizing and securing them for future generations and also to make them accessible to the larger audience. This paper reviews scholarly literature and analyses it to understand the application of standards for digitisation, access, and preservation in the digital process by Indian institutions. Further, it explores the feasibility of establishing of national standards for sustainable digital preservation and retrieval of heritage resources across the country.
印度是一个古老的国家,其手稿形式的文学与文化一样丰富。这些遗产资源需要通过数字化和保护来记录和保存,以供后代使用,并使更多的观众可以访问。本文回顾了学术文献,并对其进行了分析,以了解印度机构在数字化过程中对数字化、访问和保存标准的应用。进一步探讨在全国范围内建立遗产资源可持续数字化保存与检索国家标准的可行性。
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引用次数: 4
Made in India SiDHELA Indias First Endangered Language Archive 印度制造SiDHELA印度第一个濒危语言档案
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16349
R. Narayanan
Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayan Endangered Languages Archive (SiDHELA) created by the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University is India’s first endangered language archive. This archive is part of the ongoing language documentation initiatives of the Centre funded by the University Grant Commission. The Centre, formally established in December 2016 aims for preservation and promotion of endangered languages in Sikkim and North Bengal. The Centre carries out documentation and description of the indigenous endangered languages of the region through linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork. SiDHELA conceptualised as a platform for a linguistic resource of the languages spoken in the region, houses the primary data collected through fieldwork. One of the main aims of this archive is to preserve the data for long term usage and dissemination. Central Library, Sikkim University hosts the archive under its digital library. Through this archive the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University seeks not just to preserve and protect but also to promote the use of endangered languages spoken in the region. This paper presents the journey of this archive from idea to reality. This paper outlines the motivation behind the conceptualisation of SiDHELA as a regional archive and then discusses its development. It includes discussion on the developmental platform, theoretical issues in the conceptualisation of the archive and practical challenges in its design and development and its prospects. This paper thus primarily intends to inform scholars and researchers working with endangered languages of the region about this archive and its development. Finally, it hopes to kindle interest among researchers and librarians for developments of more such regional archives.
锡金-大吉岭喜马拉雅濒危语言档案馆(SiDHELA)由锡金大学濒危语言中心创建,是印度第一个濒危语言档案馆。该档案是由大学资助委员会资助的中心正在进行的语言文件倡议的一部分。该中心于2016年12月正式成立,旨在保护和促进锡金和北孟加拉邦的濒危语言。该中心通过语言学和人种学实地调查,对该区域的土著濒危语言进行记录和描述。SiDHELA被定义为该地区使用的语言的语言资源平台,包含通过实地调查收集的主要数据。此存档的主要目的之一是保存数据以供长期使用和传播。锡金大学中央图书馆在其数字图书馆下托管档案。通过这个档案,锡金大学濒危语言中心不仅寻求保存和保护,还寻求促进该地区濒危语言的使用。本文介绍了该档案从理念到现实的历程。本文概述了SiDHELA作为区域档案概念化背后的动机,然后讨论了它的发展。它包括对发展平台的讨论,档案概念化中的理论问题,设计和发展中的实际挑战以及展望。因此,本文主要旨在向研究该地区濒危语言的学者和研究人员介绍该档案及其发展情况。最后,它希望激发研究人员和图书馆员对开发更多这样的地区档案的兴趣。
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引用次数: 3
Open Standards used in Oceanography Research Spatial Data Repositories in Spain 西班牙海洋学研究空间数据存储库中使用的开放标准
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.15924
E. Wulff
Spatial data repositories specialised in geographic information systems (GIS) are an extension of map libraries and archives where much of the increase in use and citation for its geo-spatial data comes from making them available through Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services. In this paper, resource needs and teaching perspectives of these open standards will be described and explained as they have become a domain of application in spatial data repositories and, marine data literacy. The research is based on checking ocean research data rules and contexts in Spain within the European obligations as defined by the EU directive INSPIRE. On that premise, Spanish spatial data infrastructures (SDI) are shown integrating OGC Web Services (OWS) with repositories for ocean observation data, a typical kind of big data. The study revealed that the broad European support to the big data open standards (OGC) implementation in the oceanographic community, is conducted with a model suitable for library management systems. However, Spanish participation in European ocean data spaces is limited and a likely explanation is that this question has not been discussed for about a decade. These findings strengthen the links between spatial data repositories and OGC standards, to identify requirements for interoperability work.
专门用于地理信息系统(GIS)的空间数据存储库是地图库和档案的延伸,其中地理空间数据的使用和引用的增加大部分来自于通过开放地理空间联盟(OGC)网络服务提供这些数据。在本文中,这些开放标准的资源需求和教学观点将被描述和解释,因为它们已经成为空间数据存储库和海洋数据素养的应用领域。这项研究是基于在欧盟指令INSPIRE规定的欧洲义务范围内检查西班牙的海洋研究数据规则和背景。在此前提下,西班牙空间数据基础设施(SDI)将OGC网络服务(OWS)与典型的大数据海洋观测数据存储库集成在一起。该研究显示,欧洲对海洋学社区实施大数据开放标准(OGC)的广泛支持是采用适合图书馆管理系统的模式进行的。然而,西班牙对欧洲海洋数据空间的参与是有限的,一个可能的解释是,这个问题大约十年没有讨论过。这些发现加强了空间数据存储库和OGC标准之间的联系,以确定互操作性工作的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Documentation of Tai Ahom Manuscripts 大阿鸿手稿文件
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.05.16042
Nilakshi Sharma
Tai Ahom language is an extinct language only practice during the cultural events or rituals of Ahom people. Endangered archives programme of British library is one of the major initiatives taken for the documentation and archiving endangered heritages of all over the world. A project, namely “Documenting, conserving and archiving the Tai Ahom manuscripts of Assam” is an initiative of British Library where total 55 manuscripts collections’ containing 474 individual manuscripts with 15088 images of Sibsagar district of Assam was digitally archived. The study describes various attributes of those collected manuscripts. Analysis of the study shows that most of the manuscripts were created during 18th century in Tai and Assamese language. Various historical, astrological, spiritual writings of our forefathers are there. Some are fortune telling manuscripts, Mantras, Religious prayers are there in the manuscripts.
泰阿霍姆语是一种已灭绝的语言,只在阿霍姆人的文化活动或仪式中使用。大英图书馆的濒危档案计划是世界各地为记录和归档濒危遗产而采取的重大举措之一。一个名为“记录、保存和归档阿萨姆邦的Tai Ahom手稿”的项目是大英图书馆的一项举措,共有55个手稿收藏,其中474个单独的手稿和15088幅阿萨姆邦Sibsagar区的图像被数字化归档。这项研究描述了这些手稿的各种特征。对研究的分析表明,大多数手稿是在18世纪用泰语和阿萨姆语创作的。我们祖先的各种历史、占星术和精神著作都在那里。有些是算命的手稿,咒语,宗教祈祷都在手稿中。
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引用次数: 0
Highly Cited Articles in Coronavirus Research 冠状病毒研究中被高度引用的文章
IF 0.9 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.14429/djlit.40.04.15671
S. Ram, F. Nisha
In this paper, an analysis of 806 highly cited articles was carried out based on the data retrieved from SCOPUS multidisciplinary database on 'Coronavirus' research published during 1970-2019 and 2020 The term 'Coronavirus' was used to retrieve data from the fields - title, abstract & keyword Further, an analysis was carried out for the citation life cycle of the highly cited articles, performance of authors, institutions, country, and journals During the period a total of 18,116 articles published up to 2019;and 1221 articles published in 2020 till 30 March 2020 The articles with more than 100 citations were taken as highly cited articles in coronavirus research On this basis, there were 806 articles with more than 100 citations and considered for the data analysis The highly cited articles were mostly published from the USA The 'Journal of Virology' was most productive journal publishing most of the highly cited articles These highly cited articles were published between 1973 to 2016 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong was the most productive institute, published most number of highly cited articles Kwok Yung Yuen from the University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen was the most productive author, who has published most number of highly cited articles The seven articles had shown 'sleeping beauty' characteristics in citation trends
本文基于SCOPUS多学科数据库1970-2019年和2020年发表的“冠状病毒”研究数据,对806篇高被引文章进行了分析,使用“冠状病毒”一词从标题、摘要、关键词等字段中检索数据,并对高被引文章的被引生命周期、作者、机构、国家、截至2019年共发表论文18116篇,2020年至2020年3月30日共发表论文1221篇,被引次数在100次以上的文章作为冠状病毒研究高被引文章。有806篇被引次数超过100次的文章被纳入数据分析,高被引文章大多发表在美国,《病毒学杂志》是发表高被引文章最多的期刊,这些高被引文章发表在1973年至2016年之间,香港大学是发表高被引文章最多的研究所,香港大学的郭永元(Kwok Yung Yuen)深圳是产出最高的作者,发表的高被引文章数量最多,7篇文章在被引趋势上呈现“睡美人”特征
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引用次数: 4
期刊
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology
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