Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.50270
A. Mostefa, Karim Belalia, Tayeb Lantri, H. M. Boulouiha, A. Allali
In recent years, power quality has become a major concern for electric network managers. Active filtering control schemes ensure improved power quality of the electric network and are able to maintain a desired voltage level at the point of connection, regardless of the current absorbed by nonlinear loads. Harmonics can cause vibrations, equipment distortion, losses and sweatiness in transformers. The main objective of this work is to enhance the quality of energy in a microgrid consisting of 100 kW photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kW battery storage connected to nonlinear and unbalanced loads. This paper proposes a the four-arm parallel active filter with a on Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to mitigate the harmonic problems in a microgrid. In addition, an algorithm has been designed to eliminate the neutral current. The identification function is one of the most particular approach for extracting harmonics, it involves providing a current reference imposed by the active filter in order to carry out the filtering operation. Both the performance and the quality of the current harmonic compensation's depend strongly on the strategy adopted for the generating the current reference. In this work, the instantaneous power strategy p-q is chosen outstanding the simplicity and effectiveness in implementation. The proposed control strategy has been tested under simulations and the results have shown good tracking of the references and a significant reduction in the Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) level under highly unbalanced conditions of the nonlinear loads. The current THD is reduced from 43.64 before filtering to 3.74% after the application of the four-arm filter, following the recommendations of IEEE-519 standard (THD less than 5%).
{"title":"A four-line active shunt filter to enhance the power quality in a microgrid","authors":"A. Mostefa, Karim Belalia, Tayeb Lantri, H. M. Boulouiha, A. Allali","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.50270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50270","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, power quality has become a major concern for electric network managers. Active filtering control schemes ensure improved power quality of the electric network and are able to maintain a desired voltage level at the point of connection, regardless of the current absorbed by nonlinear loads. Harmonics can cause vibrations, equipment distortion, losses and sweatiness in transformers. The main objective of this work is to enhance the quality of energy in a microgrid consisting of 100 kW photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kW battery storage connected to nonlinear and unbalanced loads. This paper proposes a the four-arm parallel active filter with a on Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to mitigate the harmonic problems in a microgrid. In addition, an algorithm has been designed to eliminate the neutral current. The identification function is one of the most particular approach for extracting harmonics, it involves providing a current reference imposed by the active filter in order to carry out the filtering operation. Both the performance and the quality of the current harmonic compensation's depend strongly on the strategy adopted for the generating the current reference. In this work, the instantaneous power strategy p-q is chosen outstanding the simplicity and effectiveness in implementation. The proposed control strategy has been tested under simulations and the results have shown good tracking of the references and a significant reduction in the Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) level under highly unbalanced conditions of the nonlinear loads. The current THD is reduced from 43.64 before filtering to 3.74% after the application of the four-arm filter, following the recommendations of IEEE-519 standard (THD less than 5%).","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47686
I. Masalha, Siti Ujila Binti Masuri, O. Badran, Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd Ariffin, Abd Rahim Abi Talib, F. Alfaqs
This paper presents the theoretical and experimental investigation on performance of a photovoltaic (PV) panel cooled by porous media under indoor condition. Porous media offer a large exterior surface area and a high fluid permeability, making them ideal for PV cells cooling. The photovoltaic panel was cooled using 5 cm thick cooling channel filled with porous media (gravel). Several sizes of porosity (0.35, 0.4, 0.48, and 0.5) at different volume flow rates (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 L/min) were tested to obtain the best cooling process. The theoretical analysis was performed at the optimum case found experimentally, which has a porosity of 0.35 and a volume flow rate of 2 L/min, to test various experimental results of the PV hot surface temperature, related power output, efficiency and I-V characteristic curve. The enhancement obtained in PV power output and efficiency is compared against the case without cooling and the case using water alone without porous media. Results showed that cooling using small size porous media and moderate flow rate is more efficient which reduces the average PV hot surface temperature of about 55.87% and increases the efficiency by 2.13% than uncooled PV. The optimum case reduced the PV hot surface temperature to 38.7°C, and increased the power output to 19 W, efficiency to 6.26%, and the open voltage to 22.77 V. The results showed that the presence of small porous media of 0.35 in the PV cooling process displayed the maximum effectiveness compared to the other two scenarios, because the heat loss from PV surface through porous media layer have developed a homogenous heat diffusion removed much quicker at high flow rate (2 L/min). A good agreement was obtained between experimental and theoretical results for different cases with a standard deviation from 3.2% to 5.6%.
{"title":"Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Performance of Photovoltaic using Porous Media Cooling under Indoor Condition","authors":"I. Masalha, Siti Ujila Binti Masuri, O. Badran, Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd Ariffin, Abd Rahim Abi Talib, F. Alfaqs","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.47686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.47686","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the theoretical and experimental investigation on performance of a photovoltaic (PV) panel cooled by porous media under indoor condition. Porous media offer a large exterior surface area and a high fluid permeability, making them ideal for PV cells cooling. The photovoltaic panel was cooled using 5 cm thick cooling channel filled with porous media (gravel). Several sizes of porosity (0.35, 0.4, 0.48, and 0.5) at different volume flow rates (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 L/min) were tested to obtain the best cooling process. The theoretical analysis was performed at the optimum case found experimentally, which has a porosity of 0.35 and a volume flow rate of 2 L/min, to test various experimental results of the PV hot surface temperature, related power output, efficiency and I-V characteristic curve. The enhancement obtained in PV power output and efficiency is compared against the case without cooling and the case using water alone without porous media. Results showed that cooling using small size porous media and moderate flow rate is more efficient which reduces the average PV hot surface temperature of about 55.87% and increases the efficiency by 2.13% than uncooled PV. The optimum case reduced the PV hot surface temperature to 38.7°C, and increased the power output to 19 W, efficiency to 6.26%, and the open voltage to 22.77 V. The results showed that the presence of small porous media of 0.35 in the PV cooling process displayed the maximum effectiveness compared to the other two scenarios, because the heat loss from PV surface through porous media layer have developed a homogenous heat diffusion removed much quicker at high flow rate (2 L/min). A good agreement was obtained between experimental and theoretical results for different cases with a standard deviation from 3.2% to 5.6%.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42272157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49759
K. Kaci, M. Merzouk, N. Merzouk, M. Missoum, M. El Ganaoui, O. Behar, Rabah Djedjigd
Solar energy has a great potential in many areas of industrial activity in Algeria. This is because most of Algeria has high levels of sustainable solar insulation. Unfortunately, few industries use solar energy for hot water generation, but some industrial processes require hot water at temperatures that can be easily obtained from solar thermal panels. This paper presents a case study to investigate the technical and financial feasibility of a solar-powered industrial agro-processing system in Algiers. Based on the solar collectors connection type for which the economic feasibility study was carried out, an appropriate design of the system was determined. The latter was actually done by analyzing the levelized cost of energy savings. The design of the thermo-solar process is carried out based on F-chart method with a new approach by integrating the incidence angle modifier and of using real and experimental data requirements to determine realistic achievable performance of the solar process. The results showed that, in comparison to the currently used electrical system, the electrical energy savings achieved by the solar-powered system make it an economically viable option with a solar coverage rate of 80%. The investment depreciation balance shows that the use of such a thermal solar energy system will be more competitive than fossil fuels system if the price of electricity in the country increases from 0.048 to 0.075 €/kWh.
{"title":"Design, optimization and economic viability of an industrial low temperature hot water production system in Algeria: A case study","authors":"K. Kaci, M. Merzouk, N. Merzouk, M. Missoum, M. El Ganaoui, O. Behar, Rabah Djedjigd","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.49759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.49759","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy has a great potential in many areas of industrial activity in Algeria. This is because most of Algeria has high levels of sustainable solar insulation. Unfortunately, few industries use solar energy for hot water generation, but some industrial processes require hot water at temperatures that can be easily obtained from solar thermal panels. This paper presents a case study to investigate the technical and financial feasibility of a solar-powered industrial agro-processing system in Algiers. Based on the solar collectors connection type for which the economic feasibility study was carried out, an appropriate design of the system was determined. The latter was actually done by analyzing the levelized cost of energy savings. The design of the thermo-solar process is carried out based on F-chart method with a new approach by integrating the incidence angle modifier and of using real and experimental data requirements to determine realistic achievable performance of the solar process. The results showed that, in comparison to the currently used electrical system, the electrical energy savings achieved by the solar-powered system make it an economically viable option with a solar coverage rate of 80%. The investment depreciation balance shows that the use of such a thermal solar energy system will be more competitive than fossil fuels system if the price of electricity in the country increases from 0.048 to 0.075 €/kWh.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42312094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.51353
Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean, R. F. Susanti, W. Astuti, H. T. Petrus, A. P. Kristijarti, K. C. Wanta
This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment.
{"title":"Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids","authors":"Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean, R. F. Susanti, W. Astuti, H. T. Petrus, A. P. Kristijarti, K. C. Wanta","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.51353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.51353","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.50104
Esso-Wazam Honoré Tchandao, A. Salami, K. M. Kodjo, Amy Nabiliou, Seydou Ouedraogo
This work uses bottom-up modeling to explore the future evolution trajectories of the electricity mix in Togo by 2050. The objective is to investigate the evolution of the mix and the future investments needed to achieve the sustainable energy and climate change goals. Three scenarios were developed using OSeMOSYS. The reference scenario, named Business As Usual, closely reflects the evolution of the Togolese electricity sector under a business-as-usual assumption and planned capacity increases up to 2030. The second scenario, Net Zero by 2050, is based on the first scenario while ensuring that CO2 emissions cancel out in 2050 by following the Weibull law. The third scenario called Emission Penalty aims not only at the integration of renewable energies like the second one but also at the least cost electricity mix if emission penalties are applied. The results of the cost optimization indicate that photovoltaic and importation are the optimal choices ahead of gas and hydropower. The renewable energy aspect of the electricity mix is more highlighted in the last scenario. At the same time, the model shows that greater energy independence is achievable at the cost of a transitory increase in the cost of the electricity system. A tenfold investment effort is needed in 2030 to ensure either continuity of the status quo or a shift in strategy.
{"title":"Modelling the Optimal Electricity Mix for Togo by 2050 Using OSeMOSYS","authors":"Esso-Wazam Honoré Tchandao, A. Salami, K. M. Kodjo, Amy Nabiliou, Seydou Ouedraogo","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.50104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50104","url":null,"abstract":"This work uses bottom-up modeling to explore the future evolution trajectories of the electricity mix in Togo by 2050. The objective is to investigate the evolution of the mix and the future investments needed to achieve the sustainable energy and climate change goals. Three scenarios were developed using OSeMOSYS. The reference scenario, named Business As Usual, closely reflects the evolution of the Togolese electricity sector under a business-as-usual assumption and planned capacity increases up to 2030. The second scenario, Net Zero by 2050, is based on the first scenario while ensuring that CO2 emissions cancel out in 2050 by following the Weibull law. The third scenario called Emission Penalty aims not only at the integration of renewable energies like the second one but also at the least cost electricity mix if emission penalties are applied. The results of the cost optimization indicate that photovoltaic and importation are the optimal choices ahead of gas and hydropower. The renewable energy aspect of the electricity mix is more highlighted in the last scenario. At the same time, the model shows that greater energy independence is achievable at the cost of a transitory increase in the cost of the electricity system. A tenfold investment effort is needed in 2030 to ensure either continuity of the status quo or a shift in strategy.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49972
A. Mohammad, Hasanen M. Hussen, Hussein J. Akeiber
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an adaptive system that has the ability to predict the relationship between the input and output parameters without defining the physical and operation conditions. In this study, some queries about using ANN methodology are simply clarified especially about the neurons number and their relationship with input and output parameters. In addition, two ANN models are developed using MATLAB code to predict the power production of a polycrystalline PV module in the real weather conditions of Iraq. The ANN models are then used to optimize the neurons number in the hidden layers. The capability of ANN models has been tested under the impact of several weather and operational parameters. In this regard, six variables are used as input parameters including ambient temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed (the weather conditions), and module temperature, short circuit current and open circuit voltage (the characteristics of PV module). According to the performance analysis of ANN models, the optimal neurons number is 15 neurons in single hidden layer with minimum Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.76% and 10 neurons in double hidden layers with RMSE of 1.97%. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the double hidden layers introduce a higher accuracy than the single hidden layer. Moreover, the ANN model has proven its accuracy in predicting the current and voltage of PV module.
{"title":"Prediction the output power of photovoltaic module using artificial neural networks model with optimizing the neurons number","authors":"A. Mohammad, Hasanen M. Hussen, Hussein J. Akeiber","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.49972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.49972","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an adaptive system that has the ability to predict the relationship between the input and output parameters without defining the physical and operation conditions. In this study, some queries about using ANN methodology are simply clarified especially about the neurons number and their relationship with input and output parameters. In addition, two ANN models are developed using MATLAB code to predict the power production of a polycrystalline PV module in the real weather conditions of Iraq. The ANN models are then used to optimize the neurons number in the hidden layers. The capability of ANN models has been tested under the impact of several weather and operational parameters. In this regard, six variables are used as input parameters including ambient temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed (the weather conditions), and module temperature, short circuit current and open circuit voltage (the characteristics of PV module). According to the performance analysis of ANN models, the optimal neurons number is 15 neurons in single hidden layer with minimum Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.76% and 10 neurons in double hidden layers with RMSE of 1.97%. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the double hidden layers introduce a higher accuracy than the single hidden layer. Moreover, the ANN model has proven its accuracy in predicting the current and voltage of PV module. ","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48790336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.52446
H. Hadiyanto, Figa Muhammad Octafalahanda, Jihan Nabila, Andono Kusuma Jati, M. Christwardana, K. Kusmiyati, A. Khoironi
The need of renewable energy is paramount important as it is expected to replace fossil energy. One of renewable energy commonly used for rural area is biomass-based energy. Biogas is a biomass-based energy where organic materials are converted to methane gas via anaerobic digestion process. The limitations of mono-feedstock biogas are instability digestion process, low yield biogas produced and require readjusting C/N ratio, therefore co-digestion process was proposed to overcome these problems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of a mixture of cattle manure and bagasse residue in different weight ratio combinations. Biogas was generated by anaerobic digestion using a mixed substrate composed of a combination of weight ratios of bagasse:cattle manure (1:5, 1:2, 1:1, and 3:1). The kinetic analysis was evaluated by fitting Gompertz and Logistic model to experimental data of cumulative biogas. The result showed that the combination of 1:5 ratio of bagasse waste to cattle manure obtained the best biogas yield with cumulative biogas at 31,000 mL. The kinetic model of Gompertz and Logistic were able to predict the maximum cumulative biogas at ratio of 1:5 (cattle: bagasse) at 31,157.66 mL and 30,112.12 mL, respectively. The other predictions of kinetic parameters were maximum biogas production rate (Rm)= 1,720.45 mL/day and 1,652.31 mL/day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. Lag periods were obtained at 2.403 day and 2.612 day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. The potential power generation of 338.71 Watt has been estimated from biogas. This research has proven a positive feasibility of co-digestion of two feed-stocks (cattle manure and bagasse) for biogas production.
{"title":"Preliminary Observation of Biogas Production from a Mixture of Cattle Manure and Bagasse Residue in Different Composition Variations","authors":"H. Hadiyanto, Figa Muhammad Octafalahanda, Jihan Nabila, Andono Kusuma Jati, M. Christwardana, K. Kusmiyati, A. Khoironi","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.52446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.52446","url":null,"abstract":"The need of renewable energy is paramount important as it is expected to replace fossil energy. One of renewable energy commonly used for rural area is biomass-based energy. Biogas is a biomass-based energy where organic materials are converted to methane gas via anaerobic digestion process. The limitations of mono-feedstock biogas are instability digestion process, low yield biogas produced and require readjusting C/N ratio, therefore co-digestion process was proposed to overcome these problems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of a mixture of cattle manure and bagasse residue in different weight ratio combinations. Biogas was generated by anaerobic digestion using a mixed substrate composed of a combination of weight ratios of bagasse:cattle manure (1:5, 1:2, 1:1, and 3:1). The kinetic analysis was evaluated by fitting Gompertz and Logistic model to experimental data of cumulative biogas. The result showed that the combination of 1:5 ratio of bagasse waste to cattle manure obtained the best biogas yield with cumulative biogas at 31,000 mL. The kinetic model of Gompertz and Logistic were able to predict the maximum cumulative biogas at ratio of 1:5 (cattle: bagasse) at 31,157.66 mL and 30,112.12 mL, respectively. The other predictions of kinetic parameters were maximum biogas production rate (Rm)= 1,720.45 mL/day and 1,652.31 mL/day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. Lag periods were obtained at 2.403 day and 2.612 day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. The potential power generation of 338.71 Watt has been estimated from biogas. This research has proven a positive feasibility of co-digestion of two feed-stocks (cattle manure and bagasse) for biogas production.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45963697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.50250
N. Hodžić, Kenan Kadić
It is a continuous imperative to establish the most efficient process of conversion of primary energy from fuel through combustion, which also has the least possible harmful effect on the environment. In this time of expressed demands for decarbonisation, it also means the affirmation of the use of renewable fuels and the indispensable application of appropriate primary measures in the combustion furnace. At the same time, the efficiency of the combustion process depends on several factors, from the type and properties of the fuel to the ambient and technological settings for the process. In this regard, with the aim of determining the static characteristics of combustion, experimental laboratory research was carried out on the combustion of mixtures of brown coal with low heating value and a high ash content with waste woody biomass and different process conditions: temperature, staged combustion air supply (air staging) and in conditions of application of a third or additional fuel (natural gas, reburning technology). Applied experimental methods included the analysis of the combustion process on the basis of input (reactants) - output (products), including the analysis of the composition of flue gases, i.e. the determination of the emission of the key components of flue gases CO2, CO, NOx and SO2, as well as the analysis of the composition of slag, ash and deposits ash, i.e. assessment and evaluation of the behaviour of ash from fuel in that process. Based on the obtained research results, this paper shows the significant positive effects of the application of primary measures in the furnace - compared to conventional combustion: air staging - reduction of net CO2 emissions during co-firing with biomass and reduction of NOx emissions by up to 30%; reburning technology - additional reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions in proportion to the share of natural gas, e.g. at a combustion process temperature of 1350 °C and at a 10% energy share of natural gas during the co-firing of a mixture of brown coal and waste woody biomass, compared to the emission without the use of natural gas, a reduction of NOx emissions by 185 mg/mn3 or by almost 30% was recorded. It was concluded, at the same time, the application of these primary measures in the furnace does not negatively affect the behaviour of ash from the fuel in the given settings of the combustion process.
{"title":"Co-firing of coal and woody biomass under conditions of reburning technology with natural gas","authors":"N. Hodžić, Kenan Kadić","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.50250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50250","url":null,"abstract":"It is a continuous imperative to establish the most efficient process of conversion of primary energy from fuel through combustion, which also has the least possible harmful effect on the environment. In this time of expressed demands for decarbonisation, it also means the affirmation of the use of renewable fuels and the indispensable application of appropriate primary measures in the combustion furnace. At the same time, the efficiency of the combustion process depends on several factors, from the type and properties of the fuel to the ambient and technological settings for the process. In this regard, with the aim of determining the static characteristics of combustion, experimental laboratory research was carried out on the combustion of mixtures of brown coal with low heating value and a high ash content with waste woody biomass and different process conditions: temperature, staged combustion air supply (air staging) and in conditions of application of a third or additional fuel (natural gas, reburning technology). Applied experimental methods included the analysis of the combustion process on the basis of input (reactants) - output (products), including the analysis of the composition of flue gases, i.e. the determination of the emission of the key components of flue gases CO2, CO, NOx and SO2, as well as the analysis of the composition of slag, ash and deposits ash, i.e. assessment and evaluation of the behaviour of ash from fuel in that process. Based on the obtained research results, this paper shows the significant positive effects of the application of primary measures in the furnace - compared to conventional combustion: air staging - reduction of net CO2 emissions during co-firing with biomass and reduction of NOx emissions by up to 30%; reburning technology - additional reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions in proportion to the share of natural gas, e.g. at a combustion process temperature of 1350 °C and at a 10% energy share of natural gas during the co-firing of a mixture of brown coal and waste woody biomass, compared to the emission without the use of natural gas, a reduction of NOx emissions by 185 mg/mn3 or by almost 30% was recorded. It was concluded, at the same time, the application of these primary measures in the furnace does not negatively affect the behaviour of ash from the fuel in the given settings of the combustion process.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66963796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49910
Le Minh Nhut, T. Pham, Tien-Dung Tran, Vu Dinh Huan, Seoyong Shin
Vehicle speed guns are usually used in normal sunlight conditions (daytime). If we want to use vehicle speed guns in low light conditions (nighttime), the illuminator is needed to provide sufficient light for the vehicle speed gun to take photos. The illuminator must fulfill two requirements: (i) using the infrared wavelength to ensure that the driver is not startled by dazzling eyes by the illuminator of the proposed speed gun system and (ii) high energy efficiency to make the illuminator compact leading to the use a small battery system to improve the portable of the proposed vehicle speed gun. In this study, an illuminator using a collimator system designed by using non-imaging optics is introduced. LEDs with infrared wavelength are chosen from the library of LightToolsTM, the structure of collimated is designed to transfer the illumination from the LEDs array to a square area of 3x3 m2 to cover the vehicle to detect the vehicle number plate. The design process is built based on the conservation of optical path length in the Matlab program. After that, the designed collimator is simulated in LightToolsTM software. The promising results of the simulation in LightToolsTM show that the collimator can efficiently transfer light from the LED array to the target area with a uniformity of about 70 % and optical efficiency of about 80 %.
{"title":"Design of Optical Collimator System for Vehicle Speed Gun using Non-Imaging Optics","authors":"Le Minh Nhut, T. Pham, Tien-Dung Tran, Vu Dinh Huan, Seoyong Shin","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.49910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.49910","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle speed guns are usually used in normal sunlight conditions (daytime). If we want to use vehicle speed guns in low light conditions (nighttime), the illuminator is needed to provide sufficient light for the vehicle speed gun to take photos. The illuminator must fulfill two requirements: (i) using the infrared wavelength to ensure that the driver is not startled by dazzling eyes by the illuminator of the proposed speed gun system and (ii) high energy efficiency to make the illuminator compact leading to the use a small battery system to improve the portable of the proposed vehicle speed gun. In this study, an illuminator using a collimator system designed by using non-imaging optics is introduced. LEDs with infrared wavelength are chosen from the library of LightToolsTM, the structure of collimated is designed to transfer the illumination from the LEDs array to a square area of 3x3 m2 to cover the vehicle to detect the vehicle number plate. The design process is built based on the conservation of optical path length in the Matlab program. After that, the designed collimator is simulated in LightToolsTM software. The promising results of the simulation in LightToolsTM show that the collimator can efficiently transfer light from the LED array to the target area with a uniformity of about 70 % and optical efficiency of about 80 %.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49909
A. Samsudin, V. Hacker
The anion exchange membrane is one of the core components that play a crucial and inseparable role in alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared from quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) by an electrospinning method. QPVA was used both as material for electrospun fiber mats and as filler for the inter-fiber void matrix. The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of the inter-fibers void matrix filler concentration on the properties and performance of eQPVA-x AEMs. FTIR spectra were used to identify the chemical structures of the AEMs. The primary functional groups of PVA and quaternary ammonium-based ion conducting cation were detected. The surface morphology of QPVA nanofiber mats and eQPVA-x AEMs was observed using SEM. Electrospun nanofiber structures of QPVA with an average size of 100.96 nm were observed in SEM pictures. The ion exchange capacity, swelling properties, water uptake, and OH-ions conductivity were determined to evaluate the performance of eQPVA-x AEMs. By incorporating the QPVA matrix of 5 wt.% concentration, the eQPVA-5.0 AEMs attained the highest ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling properties, and OH− conductivity of 0.82 mmol g−1, 25.5%, 19.9%, and 2.26 m×s cm−1, respectively. Electrospun QPVA AEMs have the potential to accelerate the development of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
{"title":"QPVA-Based Electrospun Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells","authors":"A. Samsudin, V. Hacker","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.49909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.49909","url":null,"abstract":"The anion exchange membrane is one of the core components that play a crucial and inseparable role in alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared from quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) by an electrospinning method. QPVA was used both as material for electrospun fiber mats and as filler for the inter-fiber void matrix. The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of the inter-fibers void matrix filler concentration on the properties and performance of eQPVA-x AEMs. FTIR spectra were used to identify the chemical structures of the AEMs. The primary functional groups of PVA and quaternary ammonium-based ion conducting cation were detected. The surface morphology of QPVA nanofiber mats and eQPVA-x AEMs was observed using SEM. Electrospun nanofiber structures of QPVA with an average size of 100.96 nm were observed in SEM pictures. The ion exchange capacity, swelling properties, water uptake, and OH-ions conductivity were determined to evaluate the performance of eQPVA-x AEMs. By incorporating the QPVA matrix of 5 wt.% concentration, the eQPVA-5.0 AEMs attained the highest ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling properties, and OH− conductivity of 0.82 mmol g−1, 25.5%, 19.9%, and 2.26 m×s cm−1, respectively. Electrospun QPVA AEMs have the potential to accelerate the development of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells.","PeriodicalId":44938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46943129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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