Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2023.2190889
Djallil Lounnas
ABSTRACT This paper looks at the origins, foundation and implication for the emergence of the most radical existing extremist current within the Islamic State i.e. Al Hazimiyah. Abu Umar Al Hazimi, initially a rather unknown Salafi scholar and the inspirator of the extremist current, rejected the concept of Ignorance as an excuse (Udhr Bil Jahl) generally accepted by radical jihadi organization, including the Islamic State. While he was never a member of any jihadi organization, his speeches triggered the emergence of the most extremist violent jihadi current and a deep rift with the Islamic State which destabilized the organization from within. Using the speech act theory and extensive filed work and interviews, this paper analysis the foundation of Al Hazimi preaching’s on the concept of ignorance and how this was reinterpreted and translated into a radical faction of the Islamic State causing a major rift inside the organization.
本文着眼于伊斯兰国内部最激进的极端主义派别——哈兹米耶的起源、基础和影响。Abu Umar Al Hazimi最初是一个不为人知的萨拉菲学者和极端主义思潮的发起者，他拒绝接受无知的概念，认为无知是包括伊斯兰国在内的激进圣战组织普遍接受的借口。虽然他从未是任何圣战组织的成员，但他的演讲引发了最极端的暴力圣战思潮的出现，并与伊斯兰国产生了深刻的裂痕，从内部破坏了该组织的稳定。运用言语行为理论和广泛的实地工作和访谈，本文分析了Al Hazimi关于无知概念的说教的基础，以及它是如何被重新解释并转化为伊斯兰国的一个激进派别，导致该组织内部的重大分歧。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2023.2164551
J. Lever
The book is comprehensively written for the general reader. The chapters begin with a series of explanations that are followed by additional read-ings on ijtihad-related aspects of shariah relevant to the halal industry. Part I concludes with a chapter on “Islam and Science,” which examines ways in which scientific research can be incorporated into Shariah. Part II states that the Department of Standards Malaysia has issued sixteen halal standards since 2004. Halal pharmaceuticals are a significant com-ponent of the halal industry’s growth. The establishment of halal parks in Malaysia’s various states and strategic locations aims to facilitate the country’s development as well. Part III of the volume analyses regional and international developments in the ASEAN region’s halal industry. Following that, a brief history, development, and diversification of the industry in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Turkey are discussed. The book closes with a summary of the book’s findings and a number of actionable recommendations.
{"title":"Shariah and the halal industry","authors":"J. Lever","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2023.2164551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2023.2164551","url":null,"abstract":"The book is comprehensively written for the general reader. The chapters begin with a series of explanations that are followed by additional read-ings on ijtihad-related aspects of shariah relevant to the halal industry. Part I concludes with a chapter on “Islam and Science,” which examines ways in which scientific research can be incorporated into Shariah. Part II states that the Department of Standards Malaysia has issued sixteen halal standards since 2004. Halal pharmaceuticals are a significant com-ponent of the halal industry’s growth. The establishment of halal parks in Malaysia’s various states and strategic locations aims to facilitate the country’s development as well. Part III of the volume analyses regional and international developments in the ASEAN region’s halal industry. Following that, a brief history, development, and diversification of the industry in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Turkey are discussed. The book closes with a summary of the book’s findings and a number of actionable recommendations.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"97 1","pages":"144 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85902987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2023.2190890
F. Sadeghi
ABSTRACT Messianic aspirations have been growing in Iran over the last two decades. With Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s coming to power in 2005 and his apocalyptic language including his claim to have direct connections with the hidden Imam, a noticeable shift took place in the religious and political orientation of the Islamic Republic. Does this flow represent a return to traditional Shiism or a break from it? In what way do Messianic aspirations challenge the Shiite theology of salvation and existing clerical rule? This paper attempts to answer these questions by examining popular Messianism and Mahdism (Mahdaviyyat). While popular Messianism is a redemptive political movement, Mahdism is a political project to reappropriate the popular imagination through the messianization of politics and hastening of the Parousia. Mahdism reveals a discursive turn in which the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic are imagined as a prelude to the Parousia and the appearance of the Hidden Imam. Nevertheless, it resulted in the ‘routinization of the Messiah’. The paper examines the Messianic imagination and the ways in which it challenges clerical rules and investigates the dilemma it poses for it.
{"title":"The Murshids and the Messiahs: popular Messianism as a grassroots political movement in contemporary Iran","authors":"F. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2023.2190890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2023.2190890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Messianic aspirations have been growing in Iran over the last two decades. With Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s coming to power in 2005 and his apocalyptic language including his claim to have direct connections with the hidden Imam, a noticeable shift took place in the religious and political orientation of the Islamic Republic. Does this flow represent a return to traditional Shiism or a break from it? In what way do Messianic aspirations challenge the Shiite theology of salvation and existing clerical rule? This paper attempts to answer these questions by examining popular Messianism and Mahdism (Mahdaviyyat). While popular Messianism is a redemptive political movement, Mahdism is a political project to reappropriate the popular imagination through the messianization of politics and hastening of the Parousia. Mahdism reveals a discursive turn in which the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic are imagined as a prelude to the Parousia and the appearance of the Hidden Imam. Nevertheless, it resulted in the ‘routinization of the Messiah’. The paper examines the Messianic imagination and the ways in which it challenges clerical rules and investigates the dilemma it poses for it.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"11 1","pages":"50 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89395749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2022.2139688
Bakheit Mohammed Nur
ABSTRACT This article discusses the Islamisation of knowledge policy that the Islamist regime in the Sudan undertook between 1989 and 2019. It investigates the inner workings of this policy, its epistemic orientations, methodologies, and practices to understand the relationship between religion, education, and politics. The article argues that the Islamisation of knowledge project is comprised of a set of ideas, epistemic theories, and empirical programmes that aim to ‘liberate’ Muslims from coloniality and rebuild their minds in accordance with an Islamic epistemology. It uncovers how Islamisation of knowledge protagonists portray their epistemology in their intellectual forums and academia. How are the ideas, theories, and educational programmes associated with this form of knowledge implemented through academic institutions? The article addresses analytical conceptions such as Islamic thought and scrutinizes the doctrine, epistemic orientation, and socio-cultural representations imposed on students by Islamisation of knowledge proponents through education policy and curricular programmes. What is Islamic in their educational philosophies and practices? What conceptions of Islamisation underpin this epistemic discourse and practices in academic institutions in the Sudan? At what points do Islam and education ontologically converge and diverge? How do they accommodate one another? The article delves into a detailed ethnography that answers these questions.
{"title":"Politics of epistemology in postcolonial Africa: The Islamisation of knowledge in the Sudan","authors":"Bakheit Mohammed Nur","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2022.2139688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2139688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the Islamisation of knowledge policy that the Islamist regime in the Sudan undertook between 1989 and 2019. It investigates the inner workings of this policy, its epistemic orientations, methodologies, and practices to understand the relationship between religion, education, and politics. The article argues that the Islamisation of knowledge project is comprised of a set of ideas, epistemic theories, and empirical programmes that aim to ‘liberate’ Muslims from coloniality and rebuild their minds in accordance with an Islamic epistemology. It uncovers how Islamisation of knowledge protagonists portray their epistemology in their intellectual forums and academia. How are the ideas, theories, and educational programmes associated with this form of knowledge implemented through academic institutions? The article addresses analytical conceptions such as Islamic thought and scrutinizes the doctrine, epistemic orientation, and socio-cultural representations imposed on students by Islamisation of knowledge proponents through education policy and curricular programmes. What is Islamic in their educational philosophies and practices? What conceptions of Islamisation underpin this epistemic discourse and practices in academic institutions in the Sudan? At what points do Islam and education ontologically converge and diverge? How do they accommodate one another? The article delves into a detailed ethnography that answers these questions.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"85 1","pages":"475 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76805950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2022.2139687
M. N. Ichwan, M. Slama
ABSTRACT The article analyses discourses of Islamic actors in Indonesia about the state ideology Pancasila (lit. Five Pillars). It discerns three discursive positions that exist in Indonesia since its independence, namely full acceptance of Pancasila as the state ideology, complementing Pancasila with Islamic law, and outright rejection of Pancasila and its replacement by (political interpretations of) Islam. Having a particular focus on the post-Suharto era (since 1998), the article compares more recent discourses with the ones from earlier phases in Indonesia’s post-colonial history indicating discursive (dis)continuities. It is particularly concerned with reinterpretations of the first pillar of the Pancasila, that is the belief in the One and Only God, that is today used by conservative and Islamist figures to call for the implementation of Islamic law. The article argues that this indicates a major shift in discursive positions, as the rejection of Pancasila and its complementation with Islamic law have become increasingly illegitimate views. Under present political conditions in Indonesia, the article concludes, the only position that is left for the Islamist camp is to accept Pancasila as it is and to combine it with a reinterpretation of the first pillar as guarantor for the implementation of Islamic law.
{"title":"Reinterpreting the first pillar of the nation: (Dis)continuities of Islamic discourses about the state ideology in Indonesia","authors":"M. N. Ichwan, M. Slama","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2022.2139687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2139687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses discourses of Islamic actors in Indonesia about the state ideology Pancasila (lit. Five Pillars). It discerns three discursive positions that exist in Indonesia since its independence, namely full acceptance of Pancasila as the state ideology, complementing Pancasila with Islamic law, and outright rejection of Pancasila and its replacement by (political interpretations of) Islam. Having a particular focus on the post-Suharto era (since 1998), the article compares more recent discourses with the ones from earlier phases in Indonesia’s post-colonial history indicating discursive (dis)continuities. It is particularly concerned with reinterpretations of the first pillar of the Pancasila, that is the belief in the One and Only God, that is today used by conservative and Islamist figures to call for the implementation of Islamic law. The article argues that this indicates a major shift in discursive positions, as the rejection of Pancasila and its complementation with Islamic law have become increasingly illegitimate views. Under present political conditions in Indonesia, the article concludes, the only position that is left for the Islamist camp is to accept Pancasila as it is and to combine it with a reinterpretation of the first pillar as guarantor for the implementation of Islamic law.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"28 1","pages":"457 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83625467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2022.2153457
Luping Huang
and protection, it is unsurprising that these processes, as the authors note, do not frequently feature in the parents’ interview responses. Whilst this could legitimately be construed as a weakness of this study’s research design and thus the resultant findings, again, no study can cover everything, and it will be important for sociologists of religion to consider the findings of this research alongside other studies, where children’s and young people’s voices play a more prominent role. This book sets out to faithfully represent parents’ indepth accounts of religious inter-generational transmission, an area that has been somewhat neglected in previous work in this field, and in this regard, it is highly successful in meeting its aims. Overall, this book makes a very valuable contribution to several fields of social scientific inquiry, including the study of intergenerational religious transmission, the social dynamics of parenting and family life, and the sociology of religion and of culture more generally. It successfully meets its key objectives, helping to fill a gap in the literature by providing a set of important empirical findings and persuasive theoretical arguments. A particular strength is the in-depth, qualitative nature of the research, in a field where quantitative approaches have traditionally been quite dominant. The work is very well written with clear and accessible expression and the rich and abundant interview quotes are a real joy to read. In summary, this book comes as highly recommended.
{"title":"Stating the sacred: Religion, China, and the formation of the nation-state","authors":"Luping Huang","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2022.2153457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2153457","url":null,"abstract":"and protection, it is unsurprising that these processes, as the authors note, do not frequently feature in the parents’ interview responses. Whilst this could legitimately be construed as a weakness of this study’s research design and thus the resultant findings, again, no study can cover everything, and it will be important for sociologists of religion to consider the findings of this research alongside other studies, where children’s and young people’s voices play a more prominent role. This book sets out to faithfully represent parents’ indepth accounts of religious inter-generational transmission, an area that has been somewhat neglected in previous work in this field, and in this regard, it is highly successful in meeting its aims. Overall, this book makes a very valuable contribution to several fields of social scientific inquiry, including the study of intergenerational religious transmission, the social dynamics of parenting and family life, and the sociology of religion and of culture more generally. It successfully meets its key objectives, helping to fill a gap in the literature by providing a set of important empirical findings and persuasive theoretical arguments. A particular strength is the in-depth, qualitative nature of the research, in a field where quantitative approaches have traditionally been quite dominant. The work is very well written with clear and accessible expression and the rich and abundant interview quotes are a real joy to read. In summary, this book comes as highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"35 1","pages":"532 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73766934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2022.2146283
Georgios Samaras
{"title":"Rise of the Extreme Right: A Lowy Institute Paper","authors":"Georgios Samaras","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2022.2146283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2146283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"156 1","pages":"527 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84674926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21567689.2022.2150175
Kyunghee Yi
ABSTRACT This research attempts to unearth the political nature of Korean liberal theology, yet an adjudicative tradition has not been previously studied. Amidst the turmoil of the constitutional battles of the 1970s, a group of liberal theologians appeared. Cutting through the well-worn claim that the nation was the best conceptual vehicle to deliver the Korean people’s will, they propounded the idea of popular sovereignty. Inaugurating a new public theatre of vigorous polyphonic controversy about the Korean polity, their novel treatment of the true nature of political authority recast the people as a whole as God’s agency through which He fulfilled his unfolding earthly purposes. In the canon of this workmanship model, their juridical recasting of the relation between God and his people gave it a contractarian nature. The renewed legal and normative substances endowed upon the singular sphere of the individual in God’s world set out a theoretical proposition for the nascent Korean notion of democratic representation ultimately. This marked the birth of the Korean political theology. The principle objective of this survey is to enter this now-lost intellectual world and glean how it shaped modern Korean political thought.
{"title":"Questing for an earthly sovereign: Adjudication in Korean political theology","authors":"Kyunghee Yi","doi":"10.1080/21567689.2022.2150175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2150175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research attempts to unearth the political nature of Korean liberal theology, yet an adjudicative tradition has not been previously studied. Amidst the turmoil of the constitutional battles of the 1970s, a group of liberal theologians appeared. Cutting through the well-worn claim that the nation was the best conceptual vehicle to deliver the Korean people’s will, they propounded the idea of popular sovereignty. Inaugurating a new public theatre of vigorous polyphonic controversy about the Korean polity, their novel treatment of the true nature of political authority recast the people as a whole as God’s agency through which He fulfilled his unfolding earthly purposes. In the canon of this workmanship model, their juridical recasting of the relation between God and his people gave it a contractarian nature. The renewed legal and normative substances endowed upon the singular sphere of the individual in God’s world set out a theoretical proposition for the nascent Korean notion of democratic representation ultimately. This marked the birth of the Korean political theology. The principle objective of this survey is to enter this now-lost intellectual world and glean how it shaped modern Korean political thought.","PeriodicalId":44955,"journal":{"name":"Politics Religion & Ideology","volume":"25 1","pages":"389 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85073923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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