Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015422
E. Aleisa
Urban fire causes significant threat to the loss of lives and property. The location of a fire station is critical to reduce response time to incident place and eventually increase possibility of beating life-threatening dangerous flashovers. Fuzzy international standards, population density, traffic conditions and distance to other existing fire stations, fire resources and hazardous are some of the criteria considered in the fire station location problem. In this paper, we conduct a thorough literature survey of well-founded research that bring forth methodologies for better fire stations locations. It compares methodologies that adopt fuzzy multi-objective optimisation, maximal coverage, geographic information system (GIS), genetic algorithm (GA), ant algorithm, Tabu search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA) to solve the complex problem with higher efficiency and in due course of increasing possibility of rescue and survival.
{"title":"The fire station location problem: a literature survey","authors":"E. Aleisa","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015422","url":null,"abstract":"Urban fire causes significant threat to the loss of lives and property. The location of a fire station is critical to reduce response time to incident place and eventually increase possibility of beating life-threatening dangerous flashovers. Fuzzy international standards, population density, traffic conditions and distance to other existing fire stations, fire resources and hazardous are some of the criteria considered in the fire station location problem. In this paper, we conduct a thorough literature survey of well-founded research that bring forth methodologies for better fire stations locations. It compares methodologies that adopt fuzzy multi-objective optimisation, maximal coverage, geographic information system (GIS), genetic algorithm (GA), ant algorithm, Tabu search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA) to solve the complex problem with higher efficiency and in due course of increasing possibility of rescue and survival.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015419
Daqiang Chen, Fei Ding, Ying Huang, Danzhi Sun
This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation with a utility-priority-economy allocation strategy. This strategy is suitable for a multi-depot and multiple affected area emergency logistics system. This proposed allocation strategy comprises three principles, namely utility, priority and economic. First, according to the analysis of the three principles, three objectives were set as the total utility of allocated emergency materials, total satisfaction of emergency requirement and total cost of emergency material allocation. Secondly, the solution procedure for the proposed multi-objective optimisation model was designed on the basis of goal programming. Thirdly, the model and the solution procedure were evaluated with a simulation case from the Wenchuan Earthquake. Results confirm that this model and solution procedure can effectively address emergency material allocation problems with a more reasonable solution.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation in emergency logistics: a view of utility, priority and economic principles","authors":"Daqiang Chen, Fei Ding, Ying Huang, Danzhi Sun","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015419","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation with a utility-priority-economy allocation strategy. This strategy is suitable for a multi-depot and multiple affected area emergency logistics system. This proposed allocation strategy comprises three principles, namely utility, priority and economic. First, according to the analysis of the three principles, three objectives were set as the total utility of allocated emergency materials, total satisfaction of emergency requirement and total cost of emergency material allocation. Secondly, the solution procedure for the proposed multi-objective optimisation model was designed on the basis of goal programming. Thirdly, the model and the solution procedure were evaluated with a simulation case from the Wenchuan Earthquake. Results confirm that this model and solution procedure can effectively address emergency material allocation problems with a more reasonable solution.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45785692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015420
C. Bearman, Sophia Rainbird, B. Brooks, C. Owen, S. Curnin
Teamwork is an important component of effective emergency management. From time to time teamwork will break down in the complex situations involved in managing emergencies. It is important for people who have operational oversight of these teams to be able to detect breakdowns quickly and effectively. However, there is typically little guidance within many agencies about how best to do this. This paper reviews the literature on team monitoring by observers in emergency management and related domains and identifies four key approaches to monitoring teams: 1) coordination, cooperation and task-related communication; 2) information flow; 3) linguistic analysis; 4) team outputs. These methods provide a number of different options that agencies involved in emergency management can use as the basis for developing enhanced operational oversight of teams.
{"title":"A literature review of methods for providing enhanced operational oversight of teams in emergency management","authors":"C. Bearman, Sophia Rainbird, B. Brooks, C. Owen, S. Curnin","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015420","url":null,"abstract":"Teamwork is an important component of effective emergency management. From time to time teamwork will break down in the complex situations involved in managing emergencies. It is important for people who have operational oversight of these teams to be able to detect breakdowns quickly and effectively. However, there is typically little guidance within many agencies about how best to do this. This paper reviews the literature on team monitoring by observers in emergency management and related domains and identifies four key approaches to monitoring teams: 1) coordination, cooperation and task-related communication; 2) information flow; 3) linguistic analysis; 4) team outputs. These methods provide a number of different options that agencies involved in emergency management can use as the basis for developing enhanced operational oversight of teams.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"254-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43815747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015418
A. Trivedi, Amol Singh
Humanitarian logistics and supply chain management have emerged as areas of research interest in the last decade, owing to increased frequencies and impacts of disasters. Facility location decisions are critical to the success of any humanitarian relief effort and thus have found significant attention from researchers and practitioners. This study aims to present current practices, trends and developments in facility location research. They are then used to identify and recommend areas for future research. A systematic review of existing literature is carried out over a period of 11 years (2005-2015) by classifying it exhaustively on basis of several dimensions such as disaster types, speed of occurrence, methodology adopted, model structure, objective functions, constraints and solution techniques. The literature is also categorised according to year of publication and journals. The paper establishes an agenda for future research in facility location domain of humanitarian logistics using an operational research perspective.
{"title":"Facility location in humanitarian relief: a review","authors":"A. Trivedi, Amol Singh","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015418","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian logistics and supply chain management have emerged as areas of research interest in the last decade, owing to increased frequencies and impacts of disasters. Facility location decisions are critical to the success of any humanitarian relief effort and thus have found significant attention from researchers and practitioners. This study aims to present current practices, trends and developments in facility location research. They are then used to identify and recommend areas for future research. A systematic review of existing literature is carried out over a period of 11 years (2005-2015) by classifying it exhaustively on basis of several dimensions such as disaster types, speed of occurrence, methodology adopted, model structure, objective functions, constraints and solution techniques. The literature is also categorised according to year of publication and journals. The paper establishes an agenda for future research in facility location domain of humanitarian logistics using an operational research perspective.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015421
Kyujin Jung
While scholars and practitioners in the field of emergency management have investigated the nature of civic engagement, few have examined the impact of community diversity on civic participation. Meanwhile, WebEOC, 'Emergency Operation Center based on online environment', is a good tool to increase response capacity of emergency management through citizen participation. By using the WebEOC log history and American Community Survey data in the city of San Francisco, spatial autocorrelation and cluster analysis via geographic information system (GIS) are used to analyse how community diversity affects civic participation in emergency management. The spatial analysis results show that the high level of e-participation in urban emergency management appears in highly dense block groups, such as central business districts and secondary commercial areas. In terms of the effects of community diversity, the results confirm that community diversity in income, occupancy, and tenure are spatially correlated in the block groups.
{"title":"Mapping community diversity and e-participation in emergency management: evidence from WebEOC in the city of San Francisco","authors":"Kyujin Jung","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10015421","url":null,"abstract":"While scholars and practitioners in the field of emergency management have investigated the nature of civic engagement, few have examined the impact of community diversity on civic participation. Meanwhile, WebEOC, 'Emergency Operation Center based on online environment', is a good tool to increase response capacity of emergency management through citizen participation. By using the WebEOC log history and American Community Survey data in the city of San Francisco, spatial autocorrelation and cluster analysis via geographic information system (GIS) are used to analyse how community diversity affects civic participation in emergency management. The spatial analysis results show that the high level of e-participation in urban emergency management appears in highly dense block groups, such as central business districts and secondary commercial areas. In terms of the effects of community diversity, the results confirm that community diversity in income, occupancy, and tenure are spatially correlated in the block groups.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42758273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-11DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011572
Xiaoxin Zhu, Baiqing Sun
Disasters tend to hit the poorest and most marginalised demographics the hardest. The elderly are particularly exposed to disaster risk and are likely to suffer from higher rates of mortality, morbidity and economic damage to their livelihoods. However, they are seldom given due consideration in disaster response for their specific needs and are often neglected particularly compared to children. Using a quantitative methodology, this paper evaluates whether age has an impact on the mortality rate, explores the age groups with the greatest vulnerabilities in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China and the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Japan. Multiple comparison analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results showed that there is a more significant relationship between the elderly aged over 75 and the mean mortality rate.
{"title":"Recognising and promoting the unique capacities of the elderly","authors":"Xiaoxin Zhu, Baiqing Sun","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011572","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters tend to hit the poorest and most marginalised demographics the hardest. The elderly are particularly exposed to disaster risk and are likely to suffer from higher rates of mortality, morbidity and economic damage to their livelihoods. However, they are seldom given due consideration in disaster response for their specific needs and are often neglected particularly compared to children. Using a quantitative methodology, this paper evaluates whether age has an impact on the mortality rate, explores the age groups with the greatest vulnerabilities in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China and the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Japan. Multiple comparison analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results showed that there is a more significant relationship between the elderly aged over 75 and the mean mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-11DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.090884
Vassileios Tokakis, Panagiotis Polychroniou, G. Boustras
This study aims to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, communication, decision-making and conflict management styles in crisis management teams (CMTs), giving emphasis on leader-team member interaction during crisis situations. Participants were 177 individuals involved in CMTs representing Greek public organisations and government. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires in a series of personal interviews. Results indicate that team members' ability to make decisions, internal communication and leaders' emotional intelligence are positively associated with cooperation and integration within CMTs in public sector. Implications for management are discussed including the need for leaders to further develop emotional intelligence competencies, so that team members are motivated to integrate activities and attain common goals increasing CMT effectiveness.
{"title":"Managing conflict in the public sector during crises: the impact on crisis management team effectiveness","authors":"Vassileios Tokakis, Panagiotis Polychroniou, G. Boustras","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.090884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.090884","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, communication, decision-making and conflict management styles in crisis management teams (CMTs), giving emphasis on leader-team member interaction during crisis situations. Participants were 177 individuals involved in CMTs representing Greek public organisations and government. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires in a series of personal interviews. Results indicate that team members' ability to make decisions, internal communication and leaders' emotional intelligence are positively associated with cooperation and integration within CMTs in public sector. Implications for management are discussed including the need for leaders to further develop emotional intelligence competencies, so that team members are motivated to integrate activities and attain common goals increasing CMT effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"152-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJEM.2018.090884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47638015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-11DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011579
D. Budden, Xu Zhong, Mahathir Almashor, K. Steer
Wildfires are particularly dangerous in areas where communities colocate with regions of dense vegetation. Early detection helps minimise response time and community impact, with networks of wireless sensors widely accepted as the best available early warning solution. However, financial constraints often cause sensors to be spatially distributed in a sparse and random (or pseudouniform) manner. This paper presents a new approach to sensor placement by employing maps of wildfire impact. Such maps pinpoint ignition loci that lead to more destructive fires and hence, locations where early identification is essential. We leverage IBM evacuation planner (EVA) to generate these maps from a pipeline of simulation components including: fire progression, evacuee behaviour and traffic simulation. Accordingly, these yield insights into potential community impact, and from them, we propose and evaluate two algorithms for sensor placement. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through a case study in Mount Dandenong, Victoria, Australia.
{"title":"Improved spatial organisation of sensor networks to reduce wildfire impact","authors":"D. Budden, Xu Zhong, Mahathir Almashor, K. Steer","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011579","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are particularly dangerous in areas where communities colocate with regions of dense vegetation. Early detection helps minimise response time and community impact, with networks of wireless sensors widely accepted as the best available early warning solution. However, financial constraints often cause sensors to be spatially distributed in a sparse and random (or pseudouniform) manner. This paper presents a new approach to sensor placement by employing maps of wildfire impact. Such maps pinpoint ignition loci that lead to more destructive fires and hence, locations where early identification is essential. We leverage IBM evacuation planner (EVA) to generate these maps from a pipeline of simulation components including: fire progression, evacuee behaviour and traffic simulation. Accordingly, these yield insights into potential community impact, and from them, we propose and evaluate two algorithms for sensor placement. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through a case study in Mount Dandenong, Victoria, Australia.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41910807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-11DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011577
V. Abrosimov
This paper analyses the monitoring problem of emergency situations (ESs) in neighbouring territories. An ES affects several countries that may have different relations (cooperation, conflict) with each other. We consider conditions when a certain side appears unable to assess the scale of the threat and eliminate it independently. This side requests relief and assistance from another side with obligatory satisfaction of objective national constraints. The idea is to solve transboundary monitoring problems using international fleets of aircrafts with collective behavioural strategies and information exchange. We design a typical behavioural strategy for an aircraft within an international fleet. This strategy takes into account situational uncertainty, the possibility of assistance and a confidence measure for the information acquired by the sides. The efficiency of the proposed approach is verified by simulation modelling of the transboundary monitoring processes using AnyLogic platform.
{"title":"A multiagent system for transboundary monitoring","authors":"V. Abrosimov","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011577","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the monitoring problem of emergency situations (ESs) in neighbouring territories. An ES affects several countries that may have different relations (cooperation, conflict) with each other. We consider conditions when a certain side appears unable to assess the scale of the threat and eliminate it independently. This side requests relief and assistance from another side with obligatory satisfaction of objective national constraints. The idea is to solve transboundary monitoring problems using international fleets of aircrafts with collective behavioural strategies and information exchange. We design a typical behavioural strategy for an aircraft within an international fleet. This strategy takes into account situational uncertainty, the possibility of assistance and a confidence measure for the information acquired by the sides. The efficiency of the proposed approach is verified by simulation modelling of the transboundary monitoring processes using AnyLogic platform.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-11DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011570
N. Daclin, G. Dusserre, Laurie Mailhac, Bruno L'Héritier, J. Blanchard, Alexandra Picard
The rollout of a field hospital is a crucial aspect in a crisis context. It has to be performed in a responsive, effective and efficient manner in order to provide its services. To improve the rollout, it can be evaluated following a rigorous method in order to know precisely its strengths and weaknesses and to be improved to achieve defined or reachable and realistic objectives. This work focuses on the means to evaluate the rollout of a field hospital and presents the first development of a model based on the concept of maturity assessment. This kind of evaluation allows users to know the level of goal achievement with regards to a specific domain. Thus, the purpose is to show the approach and the structure of the maturity model for the assessment of the field hospitals' rollout and, in the end, its improvement.
{"title":"Towards a maturity model to assess field hospitals' rollout","authors":"N. Daclin, G. Dusserre, Laurie Mailhac, Bruno L'Héritier, J. Blanchard, Alexandra Picard","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.10011570","url":null,"abstract":"The rollout of a field hospital is a crucial aspect in a crisis context. It has to be performed in a responsive, effective and efficient manner in order to provide its services. To improve the rollout, it can be evaluated following a rigorous method in order to know precisely its strengths and weaknesses and to be improved to achieve defined or reachable and realistic objectives. This work focuses on the means to evaluate the rollout of a field hospital and presents the first development of a model based on the concept of maturity assessment. This kind of evaluation allows users to know the level of goal achievement with regards to a specific domain. Thus, the purpose is to show the approach and the structure of the maturity model for the assessment of the field hospitals' rollout and, in the end, its improvement.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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