Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020871
Aaida A. Mamuji, Jack L. Rozdilsky
This study explores issues faced by the largest visible minority group impacted by the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire evacuation - the Muslim community. Through qualitative methods and deep analysis of data gathered, challenges and opportunities that are relevant both for improving emergency preparedness within the Muslim community, and for improving the provision of emergency social services at large, are discussed. The overall goal of this study is to give voice to the experiences of the Muslim community, and to highlight specific accommodations that could have been beneficial. While in recent years, research efforts have been undertaken to better improve the needs of First Nations and Indigenous groups in Canada during wildfire disasters, this work is a starting point for considering other portions of Canada's diverse communities.
{"title":"Canada's 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire evacuation: experiences of the Muslim community","authors":"Aaida A. Mamuji, Jack L. Rozdilsky","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020871","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores issues faced by the largest visible minority group impacted by the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire evacuation - the Muslim community. Through qualitative methods and deep analysis of data gathered, challenges and opportunities that are relevant both for improving emergency preparedness within the Muslim community, and for improving the provision of emergency social services at large, are discussed. The overall goal of this study is to give voice to the experiences of the Muslim community, and to highlight specific accommodations that could have been beneficial. While in recent years, research efforts have been undertaken to better improve the needs of First Nations and Indigenous groups in Canada during wildfire disasters, this work is a starting point for considering other portions of Canada's diverse communities.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020875
Jason D. Rivera, A. Willard
Using an action research approach, this paper investigates challenges associated with the distribution of emergency supplies (DES) in Puerto Rico in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. Through the descriptive analysis of open- and closed-survey questions, it was observed that many challenges such as demand uncertainty, asymmetries in information, and warehouse location were all challenges in the response to the disaster. As a result, recommendations for enhancing humanitarian logistics in future disaster situations are presented at the end of this paper, in addition to recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Humanitarian logistics in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria: the experience of the American Red Cross in Puerto Rico","authors":"Jason D. Rivera, A. Willard","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020875","url":null,"abstract":"Using an action research approach, this paper investigates challenges associated with the distribution of emergency supplies (DES) in Puerto Rico in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. Through the descriptive analysis of open- and closed-survey questions, it was observed that many challenges such as demand uncertainty, asymmetries in information, and warehouse location were all challenges in the response to the disaster. As a result, recommendations for enhancing humanitarian logistics in future disaster situations are presented at the end of this paper, in addition to recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020876
Liane Okdinawati, Made irma Dwiputranti, Raden Adriyani Oktora
A disaster is a severe disruption event caused by nature's hazardous events or can have human origins. A disaster threatens and disrupts people's lives and livelihoods, and affects human casualties, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact. One disaster management aim is to assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when a disaster happens. In this situation, it is necessary to coordinate external assistance that given by a wide range of bodies and organisations. Each of them has a different role, different interests, and different working methods. These roles and the interaction among the parties are used in this paper to develop the coordination structure as a joint effort in humanitarian relief operations. The coordination mechanism is proposed in order for the humanitarian relief operation to be done quickly, effectively, and efficiently. In this paper, the information system is also developed to minimise overlap and duplication of effort.
{"title":"The role and multi parties interaction and coordination mechanism on disaster management","authors":"Liane Okdinawati, Made irma Dwiputranti, Raden Adriyani Oktora","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020876","url":null,"abstract":"A disaster is a severe disruption event caused by nature's hazardous events or can have human origins. A disaster threatens and disrupts people's lives and livelihoods, and affects human casualties, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact. One disaster management aim is to assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when a disaster happens. In this situation, it is necessary to coordinate external assistance that given by a wide range of bodies and organisations. Each of them has a different role, different interests, and different working methods. These roles and the interaction among the parties are used in this paper to develop the coordination structure as a joint effort in humanitarian relief operations. The coordination mechanism is proposed in order for the humanitarian relief operation to be done quickly, effectively, and efficiently. In this paper, the information system is also developed to minimise overlap and duplication of effort.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.099376
Kari Pylväs, T. Kankaanranta
This study aims to increase understanding of the operational, organisational and governance structures of emergency services by assessing, validating and expanding on the applicability of the time-critical information services (TCIS) framework within the European context. We analysed the emergency response related roles and tasks of different emergency services' organisations within six European countries and Turkey. Two datasets were utilised: emergency services' concepts of operation (CONOPS) and emergency scenario examples provided by emergency services practitioners and representatives. The TCIS framework was utilised as a theoretical basis for the analysis. The results suggest that the steps involved in making, receiving and handling emergency calls follow fairly similar paths in different European countries. However, there are noteworthy differences in emergency services models that define the sequential procedures within emergency response and management. The TCIS model was developed further to better account for the different tasks and roles included in the fairly case-specific emergency services process in the European context.
{"title":"Time-critical information services framework in the European context: emergency response organisation roles and inter-actor relations","authors":"Kari Pylväs, T. Kankaanranta","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.099376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.099376","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to increase understanding of the operational, organisational and governance structures of emergency services by assessing, validating and expanding on the applicability of the time-critical information services (TCIS) framework within the European context. We analysed the emergency response related roles and tasks of different emergency services' organisations within six European countries and Turkey. Two datasets were utilised: emergency services' concepts of operation (CONOPS) and emergency scenario examples provided by emergency services practitioners and representatives. The TCIS framework was utilised as a theoretical basis for the analysis. The results suggest that the steps involved in making, receiving and handling emergency calls follow fairly similar paths in different European countries. However, there are noteworthy differences in emergency services models that define the sequential procedures within emergency response and management. The TCIS model was developed further to better account for the different tasks and roles included in the fairly case-specific emergency services process in the European context.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJEM.2019.099376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47768800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020870
Asif Khan, K. M. B. Islam, A. Mitra
The occurrence of natural disasters has become a major global problem. It poses serious threats to the concept of sustainable development. Over the last two decades, more than 1.3 million people and nearly two trillion dollars have been lost due to natural disasters. The paper discusses the status of disaster mitigation information systems during the Uttarakhand disaster of June 2013. The researchers have discussed the status of such actions taken by both Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) from a qualitative perspective. The Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for the analysis and the results are presented in descriptive statistical format. As many as (n = 1500) respondents were interviewed, out of which 80% respondents were ill-informed. Over 80% respondents were found to be untrained to respond in a disastrous situation. Hence, the researchers have proposed the use of better information and communication mediums with the assistance of public and private partnership (PPP model) to deal with disastrous situations in the future along with some indigenous methods.
{"title":"Exploring the status of community information and training for disaster preparation and mitigation practices: an appraisal of 2013 flash flood in Uttarakhand","authors":"Asif Khan, K. M. B. Islam, A. Mitra","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020870","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of natural disasters has become a major global problem. It poses serious threats to the concept of sustainable development. Over the last two decades, more than 1.3 million people and nearly two trillion dollars have been lost due to natural disasters. The paper discusses the status of disaster mitigation information systems during the Uttarakhand disaster of June 2013. The researchers have discussed the status of such actions taken by both Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) from a qualitative perspective. The Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for the analysis and the results are presented in descriptive statistical format. As many as (n = 1500) respondents were interviewed, out of which 80% respondents were ill-informed. Over 80% respondents were found to be untrained to respond in a disastrous situation. Hence, the researchers have proposed the use of better information and communication mediums with the assistance of public and private partnership (PPP model) to deal with disastrous situations in the future along with some indigenous methods.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020713
T. McAleavy, M. Rhisiart
This study harnesses the non-literal communicative power of metaphor to enable quicker transferal of rich detailed information within and across emergency management organisations to promote multi-agency interoperability. A series of inductive semi-structured interviews with emergency managers from the UK and USA were completed. The collated data was then analysed with content and metaphorical analysis to create two theories. First, the Trivial Pursuit Pie, a conceptual metaphor that demonstrates the interoperability problem whereby intrinsic barriers within Command and Control restrict interoperability. This metaphor can be used as a learning tool to heighten awareness of barriers to multi-agency interoperability in both academic and practitioner environments. Secondly, the theory of interoperability metaphors (TIM) provides a metaphor-based lexicon for interoperability grounded in the natural language of emergency managers. TIM stimulates interoperability through the recognition and usage of linguistic metaphors to develop shared meanings and understanding.
{"title":"Harnessing the power of metaphor: uncovering a hidden language of interoperability within the natural speech of emergency managers","authors":"T. McAleavy, M. Rhisiart","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020713","url":null,"abstract":"This study harnesses the non-literal communicative power of metaphor to enable quicker transferal of rich detailed information within and across emergency management organisations to promote multi-agency interoperability. A series of inductive semi-structured interviews with emergency managers from the UK and USA were completed. The collated data was then analysed with content and metaphorical analysis to create two theories. First, the Trivial Pursuit Pie, a conceptual metaphor that demonstrates the interoperability problem whereby intrinsic barriers within Command and Control restrict interoperability. This metaphor can be used as a learning tool to heighten awareness of barriers to multi-agency interoperability in both academic and practitioner environments. Secondly, the theory of interoperability metaphors (TIM) provides a metaphor-based lexicon for interoperability grounded in the natural language of emergency managers. TIM stimulates interoperability through the recognition and usage of linguistic metaphors to develop shared meanings and understanding.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020715
M. Radi, J. Hashim, Mohd Hasni Jaafar, R. Hod, Norfazilah Ahmad, A. Nawi, G. M. Baloch, Rohaida Ismail, Nur Izzah Farakhin Ayub
Flood is a natural disaster that occurs annually in Malaysia causing devastating effects and damages to property and lives. This study looks into our environmental health and disaster preparedness, response and recovery management throughout the severe 2014 Kelantan flooding. We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with healthcare, rescue and welfare workers, and community representatives involved throughout the disaster. The unprecedented severe flooding affected our environmental health and disaster management leading to various prominent issues. State level officers faced greater challenges in inter-agency communication, coordination and collaboration. District level staff faced more complications during disaster and emergency response. Meanwhile, community representatives faced issues pertaining to their livelihood mainly during and after the disaster. Recommendations include improved coordination, effective communication, improved human resource management, accessible early warning system, community empowerment and awareness, and prioritisation of continuous environmental health services. We hope that these recommendations can improve our future disaster management.
{"title":"Lessons on environmental health and disaster preparedness, response and recovery from the severe Kelantan flooding in 2014","authors":"M. Radi, J. Hashim, Mohd Hasni Jaafar, R. Hod, Norfazilah Ahmad, A. Nawi, G. M. Baloch, Rohaida Ismail, Nur Izzah Farakhin Ayub","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020715","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is a natural disaster that occurs annually in Malaysia causing devastating effects and damages to property and lives. This study looks into our environmental health and disaster preparedness, response and recovery management throughout the severe 2014 Kelantan flooding. We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with healthcare, rescue and welfare workers, and community representatives involved throughout the disaster. The unprecedented severe flooding affected our environmental health and disaster management leading to various prominent issues. State level officers faced greater challenges in inter-agency communication, coordination and collaboration. District level staff faced more complications during disaster and emergency response. Meanwhile, community representatives faced issues pertaining to their livelihood mainly during and after the disaster. Recommendations include improved coordination, effective communication, improved human resource management, accessible early warning system, community empowerment and awareness, and prioritisation of continuous environmental health services. We hope that these recommendations can improve our future disaster management.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020716
Dean Kyne, W. Donner, A. Lomeli
This study analyses how information is accessed and gathered in hurricane and inland flooding prone areas. The analysis reviews different information seeking behaviours, sources of information, and the factors that influence evacuation decision-making in each hurricane category within the Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Findings suggest information seeking frequency can increase the odds of making a decision to evacuate in the each hurricane category. Similarly, active information seeking behaviour is positively associated with the evacuation decision in the event of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Information sources from personal judgement show negative relationship with evacuation decisions in all except in Category 5. Information sources based on family/friend show positive association with evacuation decisions in Category 4 and 5. The findings highlight the importance of active information sources such as social media, frequent interactions with friends or family members, and active information seeking behaviours in Categories 4 and 5.
{"title":"Information seeking and evacuation decision making in hypothetical hurricane events in the Rio Grande Valley, Texas","authors":"Dean Kyne, W. Donner, A. Lomeli","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020716","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses how information is accessed and gathered in hurricane and inland flooding prone areas. The analysis reviews different information seeking behaviours, sources of information, and the factors that influence evacuation decision-making in each hurricane category within the Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Findings suggest information seeking frequency can increase the odds of making a decision to evacuate in the each hurricane category. Similarly, active information seeking behaviour is positively associated with the evacuation decision in the event of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Information sources from personal judgement show negative relationship with evacuation decisions in all except in Category 5. Information sources based on family/friend show positive association with evacuation decisions in Category 4 and 5. The findings highlight the importance of active information sources such as social media, frequent interactions with friends or family members, and active information seeking behaviours in Categories 4 and 5.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020714
D. Etkin
A review of risk assessments by a number of emergency management organisations shows that though ethical judgements are implicit in the methodologies and metrics used, they are not explicitly discussed. As a result, these assessments lack transparency and suffer from narrow framing. It is proposed that the framing be broadened to integrate ethical decision-making with risk assessment and to frame the concept of risk more broadly, to create a more holistic and relevant decision-making framework.
{"title":"How risk assessments by emergency management organisations fall prey to narrow framing","authors":"D. Etkin","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2019.10020714","url":null,"abstract":"A review of risk assessments by a number of emergency management organisations shows that though ethical judgements are implicit in the methodologies and metrics used, they are not explicitly discussed. As a result, these assessments lack transparency and suffer from narrow framing. It is proposed that the framing be broadened to integrate ethical decision-making with risk assessment and to frame the concept of risk more broadly, to create a more holistic and relevant decision-making framework.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.1504/IJEM.2018.097360
Sophie Parsons, M. Weal, N. O’Grady, P. Atkinson
Emergency management practices are being reshaped by social media. Emergency responders are embracing social media to enhance communications during an emergency. The integration of social media into UK emergency management is ambiguous, and it is uncertain as to whether it is an effective tool. Using a mixed methods approach, this research investigates the UK emergency responders' use of social media for emergency management, focusing in particular on the UK Winter Floods of 2013/14. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the UK emergency responders' social media activity is examined. This research shows that the responders perceive social media as a useful tool to effectively deliver information to the public, although they do not appear to fully exploit it in an emergency. While the responders appear to predominantly post caution and advice, the results suggest that information about structures and utilities affected by an incident is most likely to engage an audience.
{"title":"Social media in emergency management: exploring Twitter use by emergency responders in the UK","authors":"Sophie Parsons, M. Weal, N. O’Grady, P. Atkinson","doi":"10.1504/IJEM.2018.097360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2018.097360","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency management practices are being reshaped by social media. Emergency responders are embracing social media to enhance communications during an emergency. The integration of social media into UK emergency management is ambiguous, and it is uncertain as to whether it is an effective tool. Using a mixed methods approach, this research investigates the UK emergency responders' use of social media for emergency management, focusing in particular on the UK Winter Floods of 2013/14. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the UK emergency responders' social media activity is examined. This research shows that the responders perceive social media as a useful tool to effectively deliver information to the public, although they do not appear to fully exploit it in an emergency. While the responders appear to predominantly post caution and advice, the results suggest that information about structures and utilities affected by an incident is most likely to engage an audience.","PeriodicalId":44960,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"322-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45890684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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