Acta Astronautica最新文献_第6页

Effects of particle breakup on aluminum combustion and SRM performance under different motor scales 不同电机尺度下颗粒破碎对铝燃烧及SRM性能的影响

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.038

He Chen , Xueting Wu , Wenjing Yang , Shuiping Zhou , Huailong Zhang , Peijin Liu

Particle breakup phenomena are commonly observed during the operation of solid rocket motors and have a pronounced influence on the evolution of the combustion flow field and the prediction of motor performance, yet quantitative treatments remain limited. This study introduces a comprehensive aluminum particle combustion model that integrates the classical Wave Breakup theory to investigate the breakup behavior of aluminum/alumina droplets across motors of varying scales. Numerical results reveal that in high-shear regions, particularly the nozzle convergent section, molten droplets undergo substantial aerodynamic breakup, producing finer child droplets that shift the particle size distribution toward the micron scale and trigger secondary combustion. The attendant increase in specific surface area enhances aluminum combustion efficiency and modifies the reactive flow structure, producing localized temperature rises and broader particle dispersion. Notably, the breakup characteristics exhibit strong scale-dependent behavior, with both motor size and initial particle diameter governing the location, intensity, and consequent combustion enhancement of the breakup process. Relative to simulations ignoring breakup, the model predicts higher particle-phase velocity and thrust, a slight reduction in gas exhaust velocity due to intensified interphase momentum exchange, and a net increase in total thrust—effects that are particularly pronounced in smaller-scale motors. These findings offer a physical basis for improving the design, performance forecasting, and energy utilization of solid rocket motors.

颗粒破碎现象是固体火箭发动机运行过程中常见的现象，对燃烧流场演化和发动机性能预测有显著影响，但定量处理方法有限。本研究引入了一个综合的铝颗粒燃烧模型，该模型结合了经典的波浪破碎理论来研究铝/氧化铝液滴在不同尺度电机上的破碎行为。数值计算结果表明，在高剪切区域，特别是喷嘴收敛段，熔融液滴经历了大量的气动破裂，产生了更细的子液滴，使颗粒尺寸分布向微米级移动，引发了二次燃烧。随之增加的比表面积提高了铝的燃烧效率，改变了反应流结构，产生局部温升和更广泛的颗粒分散。值得注意的是，破碎特性表现出强烈的尺度依赖性，电机尺寸和初始颗粒直径都决定了破碎过程的位置、强度和随后的燃烧增强。与忽略破裂的模拟相比，该模型预测了更高的粒子相速度和推力，由于相间动量交换加剧，气体排出速度略有降低，总推力效应的净增加，这在较小规模的发动机中尤为明显。这些发现为改进固体火箭发动机的设计、性能预测和能量利用提供了物理基础。

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引用次数: 0

APSIS: Automated Photometric Survey of Inactive Satellites for rotational dynamics and lightcurve characterization 用于旋转动力学和光曲线表征的非活动卫星自动光度测量

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.031

Mădălina Trelia , Dan Alin Nedelcu , Mirel Birlan

We present APSIS, the Automated Photometric Survey of Inactive Satellites, an automated, ground-based optical system for high-cadence photometric monitoring of inactive geosynchronous (GEO) and medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellites. It integrates real-time image acquisition, automated calibration and reduction, and physically motivated light-curve modeling. Operating in two complementary modes, nightly GEO-belt surveys and targeted follow-up tracking, APSIS continuously updates a database of rotational states for a large set of objects. Since 2023, APSIS has obtained multi-epoch photometry for nine inactive GEO satellites, revealing near-annual periodic variations in rotation period. Fitting a torque-driven model yields families of admissible spin-axis orientations, demonstrating quantitative consistency between Solar Radiation Pressure forcing and the observed dynamics, although intrinsic symmetries prevent unique pole determinations. In parallel, we developed a minimal-parameter, physically motivated lightcurve inversion framework, modeling satellites as a diffuse-reflecting rectangular bus (Lommel–Seeliger law) and specular elements. A two-stage optimization (Differential Evolution and Levenberg–Marquardt refinement) applied to multiple epoch lightcurves of Raduga 3 (1977-071A) successfully reproduces key asymmetries, recovering a glinting panel nearly perpendicular to the spin axis and bus axis ratios consistent with known KAUR-3 dimensions. Extending the model to four glinting panels further reduced residuals and revealed a symmetric arrangement of reflective surfaces, consistent with paired solar arrays or radiators. These results highlight the capability of APSIS to deliver high-fidelity, long-term photometric monitoring and physically interpretable models of satellite geometry, providing a new pathway for characterizing inactive spacecraft in GEO and MEO regimes.

我们介绍了APSIS，即非活动卫星自动光度测量，这是一个自动化的地面光学系统，用于对非活动地球同步（GEO）和中地球轨道（MEO）卫星进行高节奏光度监测。它集成了实时图像采集，自动校准和减少，以及物理驱动的光曲线建模。APSIS以两种互补的模式运行，即夜间geo带调查和有针对性的后续跟踪，不断更新大量物体的旋转状态数据库。自2023年以来，APSIS已经获得了9颗非活动GEO卫星的多历元光度测量数据，揭示了其自转周期的近年周期变化。拟合扭矩驱动的模型产生了可接受的自旋轴方向族，证明了太阳辐射压力强迫和观测到的动力学之间的定量一致性，尽管内在对称性阻止了独特的极点确定。同时，我们开发了一个最小参数、物理驱动的光曲线反演框架，将卫星建模为漫反射矩形总线（Lommel-Seeliger定律）和镜面元素。应用于Raduga 3 （1977-071A）的多历元光曲线的两阶段优化（差分进化和Levenberg-Marquardt改进）成功地再现了关键的不对称，恢复了几乎垂直于自转轴的闪烁面板和与已知KAUR-3尺寸一致的总线轴比。将模型扩展到四个闪闪发光的面板，进一步减少了残留，并揭示了反射表面的对称排列，与成对的太阳能电池阵列或散热器一致。这些结果突出了APSIS提供高保真、长期光度监测和卫星几何形状物理可解释模型的能力，为在GEO和MEO状态下表征非活动航天器提供了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Al-B alloy as a composite propellant additive: The role of B in combustion and agglomeration Al-B合金作为复合推进剂添加剂：B在燃烧和团聚中的作用

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.032

Yanfeng Jiang , Zhan Wen , Lu Liu , Mingming Zhan , Wen Ao

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of Al-B alloy additives on the ignition, combustion, and agglomeration characteristics of composite propellants. The properties of four Al-B alloys with different B contents (5 %, 20 %, and 50 % B) were comparatively evaluated against pure Al powder using Thermogravimetric-Differential Scanning Calorimetry, ignition research by CO₂ laser, combustion experiments under high-pressure, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray Diffraction. B addition markedly accelerates the oxidation of Al, increases the total heat release, and shortens ignition delay. Regarding combustion performance, Al-B alloy propellants exhibited higher burning rates, with the alloy containing 50 % B (Al/B = 1:1) showing the most pronounced improvement and a relatively low pressure exponent. In terms of agglomeration suppression, alloys with lower B content (e.g., 5 % B) effectively decreased particle size combustion products size. However, increased B content led to greater formation of B₂O₃ in the combustion products, whose adhesive properties promoted particle agglomeration. Considering a trade-off among ignition delay, burning rate, and agglomeration inhibition, Al-B alloy with 50 % B content demonstrates the greatest potential for enhancing the overall performance of composite propellants.

通过实验研究了Al-B合金添加剂对复合推进剂点火、燃烧和团聚特性的影响。采用热重-差示扫描量热法、CO2激光点火实验、高压燃烧实验、扫描电镜和x射线衍射等方法，对4种不同B含量（5%、20%和50% B）的Al-B合金与纯Al粉末的性能进行了比较。B的加入明显加速了Al的氧化，增加了总放热，缩短了点火延迟。在燃烧性能方面，Al-B合金推进剂表现出更高的燃烧速率，其中含有50% B （Al/B = 1:1）的合金表现出最明显的改善，压力指数相对较低。在抑制团聚方面，较低B含量（例如，5% B）的合金有效地降低了颗粒尺寸燃烧产物尺寸。而随着B含量的增加，燃烧产物中B2O3的形成增多，B2O3的粘附性能促进了颗粒团聚。考虑到点火延迟、燃烧速率和抑制团聚之间的权衡，50% B含量的Al-B合金在提高复合推进剂的整体性能方面表现出最大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Airborne re-entry observation campaign of the Cluster-II salsa re-entry ii簇萨尔萨再入的空中再入观察运动

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.030

Stefan Loehle , Fabian Zander , Patrik Kaerraeng , Tobias Lips , Gerard Armstrong , Byrenn Birch , Ranjith Ravichandran , Clemens Mueller , Juraj Toth , Tomasz Paulech , Jiri Silha , Matej Zigo , Beatriz Jilete , Stijn Lemmens

After their end of operation, the four Cluster-II satellites are re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere. The first Cluster-II satellite, named Salsa, re-entered on the 8th of September at 18:46 UTC (2024-09-08T18:46 UTC) over the South Pacific, approximately 2000 km west of Easter Island. An airborne observation team was on station aiming to observe the satellite’s break-up. This paper reports the design and execution of the airborne observation under the challenging situation of an entry under plain daylight conditions. The mission planning and preparation in coordination with the observation prediction leads to the flight mission details. Due to the highly eccentric orbit, the entry predictions were particularly challenging and resulted in a wider spread of potential entry corridors. Therefore, based on the very last perigee, only 52 h before the actual entry, and spacecraft data after the maneuver, the team received the last orbit information at 20:30 UTC on the 7th of September (2024-09-07T20:30UTC). Based on this data an appropriate flight path for the aircraft was designed. On board a Falcon 900 business jet, the team deployed six different stations with a total of 26 cameras. All cameras were time-synchronized to the GPS time using a centralized time server. The mission was successful. The infrared cameras detected the entry for approximately 23 s beginning at around 18:47:08 UTC.

四颗第二类卫星在结束运行后将重新进入地球大气层。第一颗名为萨尔萨的群集ii卫星于9月8日18:46 UTC （2024-09-08T18:46 UTC）在南太平洋复活节岛以西约2000公里处重新进入。一个空中观察小组在空间站上，目的是观察卫星的解体。本文报道了在平光条件下进入具有挑战性的情况下的机载观测的设计与实现。任务的规划和准备与观测预测相协调，导致飞行任务的细节。由于高度偏心的轨道，进入预测特别具有挑战性，并导致更广泛的潜在进入走廊。因此，根据实际进入前52小时的最后一个近地点，以及机动后的航天器数据，团队在9月7日20:30UTC （2024-09-07T20:30UTC）收到了最后的轨道信息。在此基础上设计了合适的飞行路径。在一架猎鹰900 （Falcon 900）公务机上，该团队部署了6个不同的观测站，总共有26台摄像机。所有摄像机都通过中央时间服务器与GPS时间同步。这次任务成功了。红外摄像机从UTC时间18:47:08开始探测到进入大约23秒。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of actual and simulated space conditions on the gut microbiome and the modulatory role of nutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis 实际和模拟空间条件对肠道微生物群的影响以及营养的调节作用：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.006

Makreli Maria-Eleni, Charidemou Evelina

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spaceflight and simulated space environments on the human gut microbiome by examining also the role of nutrition as a modulator in these alterations.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified through searches of PubMed, PubMed Central and Scopus from 2000 through July 10, 2025. Alterations to gut microbial diversity, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and other physiological values were reported. Statistically significant fluctuations in gut microbial composition were collected as mean differences and standard deviations and statistically analysed with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) using SPSS. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. The link between these changes and other confounding factors was statistically evaluated.

Results

15 studies were included, with 3 being actual spaceflights and 12 being space environment simulations. 6 out of the 11 studies that examined gut microbial diversity were included in the meta-analysis, and they presented a non-statistically significant trend toward increased diversity during the control phase (Hedges' g: −0.05, p = 0.84). The environment appeared to influence the observed alterations, with actual spaceflights having a greater impact (Hedges' g: 0.58, p = 0.19). Nutritional strategies, particularly those rich in fiber, probiotics, and vitamin D, were linked with stabilised or improved microbiome diversity, in contrast to ultra-processed foods (UPFs).

Conclusion

Overall, the findings suggest a negative effect of space conditions on gut microbial diversity, along with an adaptive microbiome response, with targeted nutritional interventions being promising in preserving gut health. Further research is needed to develop effective countermeasures that can be applied in both space and on Earth.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420251068366.

目的本研究旨在评估太空飞行和模拟太空环境对人类肠道微生物组的影响，并研究营养在这些变化中的调节作用。方法通过PubMed、PubMed Central和Scopus检索2000年至2025年7月10日的相关研究。报告了肠道微生物多样性、厚壁菌与拟杆菌（F/B）比和其他生理值的变化。收集具有统计学意义的肠道微生物组成波动作为平均差异和标准差，并使用SPSS以95%置信区间（CI）进行统计分析。采用I2统计量评估异质性。这些变化与其他混杂因素之间的联系进行了统计评估。结果共纳入15项研究，其中3项为实际航天飞行，12项为空间环境模拟。研究肠道微生物多样性的11项研究中有6项纳入了荟萃分析，它们在对照阶段呈现出多样性增加的非统计显著趋势（Hedges的g: - 0.05, p = 0.84）。环境似乎对观测到的变化有影响，实际的航天飞行的影响更大（赫奇斯系数：0.58,p = 0.19）。与超加工食品（upf）相比，营养策略，特别是富含纤维、益生菌和维生素D的营养策略，与稳定或改善的微生物群多样性有关。总体而言，研究结果表明，空间条件对肠道微生物多样性以及适应性微生物组反应有负面影响，有针对性的营养干预有望保持肠道健康。需要进一步研究制定可在空间和地球上都适用的有效对策。系统评价注册https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/，标识符CRD420251068366。

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引用次数: 0

From terrestrial basalt to customizable lunar regolith simulant: Preparation via thermal phase-tailoring 从陆地玄武岩到可定制的月球风化模拟物：通过热相位裁剪制备

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.051

Rui Wang, Guofu Qiao

The advancement of In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies necessitates the development of lunar regolith simulants (LRS) that accurately reflect the chemical composition of natural lunar materials, while allowing for research on mineral composition disparities. Current methods for producing LRS mostly involve mechanically mixing different terrestrial counterparts. However, the mineral phase compositions in these LRS remain as a result rather than as refined objects. It restricts the clarity of the minimal composition variation's effect on ISRU processes involving multiple physical chemistry reactions. This study introduces a new method for preparing and programming LRS by thermal phase-tailoring a single type of terrestrial basalt simulant. The approach involves controlled melting, amorphization, and recrystallization cycles. It focuses on programming the primary mineral phase abundances in LRS materials, including plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and glass. A proposed nonlinear programming model identified the best blending ratios of these thermally treated products. The mineralogy's fitness matched the specific lunar regolith data from Apollo 67,701 and CE5C0600. The customized simulants replicated the mineral intergrowth textures observed in natural basalt. The spectral reflection features highly correlate with the corresponding nature of lunar regolith data. Additionally, the integrated solar absorptivity of the customized LRS was within 4 % of natural regolith samples. The melting temperatures of these simulants are also much closer to those of natural lunar samples compared to the original basalt material. This work highlights the effectiveness of controlling mineral phases through thermal processing. It provides a reliable approach for developing composition designability and high-thermal-physical fidelity LRS. These advancements are crucial for ground-researching ISRU technologies that depend on accurate optical and thermal properties, including sintering and solar manufacturing applications.

原位资源利用（ISRU）技术的进步要求开发准确反映天然月球物质化学成分的月球风化模拟物（LRS），同时允许对矿物成分差异进行研究。目前生产LRS的方法主要是机械混合不同的地面对应物。然而，这些LRS中的矿物相组成仍然是结果，而不是精炼的物体。它限制了最小组成变化对涉及多个物理化学反应的ISRU过程的影响的清晰度。本文介绍了一种采用热相位裁剪的方法对单一陆相玄武岩模拟物进行LRS制备和编程的新方法。该方法包括控制熔融、非晶化和再结晶循环。它侧重于编程LRS材料中的主要矿物相丰度，包括斜长石，辉石，橄榄石和玻璃。提出了一种非线性规划模型，确定了这些热处理产品的最佳混合比例。矿物学的适应性与阿波罗67,701和CE5C0600的特定月球风化数据相匹配。定制的模拟物复制了在天然玄武岩中观察到的矿物共生结构。光谱反射特征与月壤数据的相应性质高度相关。此外，定制LRS的综合太阳吸收率在天然风化土样品的4%以内。与原始玄武岩材料相比，这些模拟物的熔化温度也更接近自然月球样品的熔化温度。这项工作突出了通过热处理控制矿物相的有效性。它为开发具有可设计性和高热物理保真度的LRS提供了可靠的方法。这些进步对于地面研究ISRU技术至关重要，这些技术依赖于精确的光学和热性能，包括烧结和太阳能制造应用。

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引用次数: 0

Performance design and optimization for 100 kWe space nuclear power system: A review 100千瓦空间核动力系统性能设计与优化综述

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.026

Baihui Jiang , Yu Ji , Jun Sun , Yingjie Wu , Lei Shi

The demand for high power and long lifetime energy systems in space exploration, crewed missions, and orbital infrastructure necessitates nuclear space power systems beyond the capabilities of conventional chemical or photovoltaic sources. Among candidate technical pathways, helium–xenon mixture cooled reactors coupled with closed Brayton cycles exhibit significant advantages in energy conversion efficiency, specific power, and structural compactness. Compared to terrestrial nuclear systems, system optimization in space applications presents more stringent trade-offs due to power output requirements, mass sensitivity, and difficulty of maintenance. This work reviews the current state of performance optimization for space nuclear power systems, including redundancy architectures, bleeding flow schemes, and system-level optimization methodologies targeting thermodynamic efficiency, total mass, and system reliability. Future research suggestions include high-fidelity multidisciplinary modeling, integrated full-lifetime optimization, and effective multi-objective optimization approaches. The development of optimization frameworks and methods is expected to accelerate the development of efficient, lightweight, and reliable space nuclear power systems, enabling the future high power space missions.

空间探索、载人任务和轨道基础设施对高功率和长寿命能源系统的需求需要超越传统化学或光伏源能力的核空间动力系统。在候选的技术路径中，氦-氙混合冷却反应堆与封闭布雷顿循环耦合在能量转换效率、比功率和结构紧凑性方面具有显著的优势。与地面核系统相比，由于功率输出要求、质量灵敏度和维护难度，空间应用中的系统优化提出了更严格的权衡。这项工作回顾了目前空间核动力系统性能优化的现状，包括冗余架构、放血流程方案和针对热力学效率、总质量和系统可靠性的系统级优化方法。未来的研究建议包括高保真多学科建模、集成全寿命优化和有效的多目标优化方法。优化框架和方法的发展有望加速高效、轻量化和可靠的空间核动力系统的发展，使未来的高功率空间任务成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Propellantless space exploration 无推进剂太空探索

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.024

Roman Ya. Kezerashvili

Propellantless propulsion refers to methods of space travel that do not require onboard propellant, instead relying on natural forces or external energy sources. In this paper, I review different approaches that have been explored and discuss Pros and Cons for each approach for interstellar space exploration.

Gravitational assist uses planetary gravity to change a spacecraft’s speed and direction without fuel. It is effective but limited to specific alignments.

Solar sails harness radiation pressure from sunlight for continuous, fuel-free acceleration. While effective over time, they require large, reflective materials that degrade in space. Speed can be enhanced by thermal desorption triggered by solar radiation.

Magnetic sails generate thrust by interacting with the solar wind through superconducting loops that produce a magnetic field. They provide lower acceleration compared to solar sails, and their performance depends on the available power and the variability of solar wind conditions.

Electric sails utilize charged tethers to repel solar wind protons, producing gradual acceleration. Their effectiveness depends on the successful deployment of very long, lightweight conductive wires. They can achieve higher acceleration than solar sails, and their performance is influenced by available power and solar wind conditions.

Lastly, quantum effects, such as the Casimir force, offer a speculative but intriguing route to propellantless propulsion based on the vacuum energy of space.

无推进剂推进是指不需要机载推进剂，而是依靠自然力或外部能源的太空旅行方法。在本文中，我回顾了已经探索的不同方法，并讨论了每种方法在星际空间探索中的利弊。重力辅助利用行星引力来改变航天器的速度和方向，而不需要燃料。它是有效的，但仅限于特定的对齐。太阳帆利用太阳光的辐射压力来实现连续的、无燃料的加速。虽然随着时间的推移而有效，但它们需要在空间中降解的大型反射材料。太阳辐射引发的热解吸可以提高速度。磁帆通过超导环与太阳风相互作用，产生磁场，从而产生推力。与太阳帆相比，它们提供的加速度更低，而且它们的性能取决于可用功率和太阳风条件的可变性。电动帆利用带电系绳排斥太阳风质子，产生逐渐加速。它们的有效性取决于成功部署非常长，重量轻的导电导线。它们可以获得比太阳帆更高的加速度，它们的性能受到可用功率和太阳风条件的影响。最后，量子效应，如卡西米尔力，为基于空间真空能的无推进剂推进提供了一条推测性但有趣的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Overall results of the SMPAG work package on mission scenarios definition in response to the 2025 Planetary Defense Conference Hypothetical Asteroid Impact Threat Scenario 为响应2025年行星防御会议假想小行星撞击威胁情景，SMPAG任务情景定义工作包的总体结果

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.023

Juan L. Cano , Michael Khan , Camilla Colombo , Massimiliano Vasile , Richard Moissl , Detlef Koschny

The members of the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG) performed an asteroid impact simulation exercise over a medium size asteroid with impact chances on 24 April 2041, in preparation for the 2025 Planetary Defense Conference. The exercise was articulated on two different simulation periods lasting, respectively, two months and a half and four months. In the first period, Epoch 1, the asteroid impact probability grew from 1.6% to 10% and was played in real time. A preliminary assessment of the required actions that would need to be implemented and a set of recommendations were provided at a plenary SMPAG session held on 10 October 2024. Epoch 2 was simulated after the fast flyby of a reconnaissance mission by the asteroid in April 2028 that allowed refining the asteroid size, and impact location. An assessment of the decisions that were required and the feasible mission options was performed in order to facilitate a recommendation by the SMPAG plenary. Based on a trade-off of several deflection mission strategies, mission options included kinetic impactors, ion-beam deflection and nuclear explosive devices.

空间任务规划咨询小组（SMPAG）成员于2041年4月24日对一颗有撞击机会的中型小行星进行了一次小行星撞击模拟演习，为2025年行星防御会议做准备。这项工作分为两个不同的模拟阶段，分别为两个半月和四个月。在第一个时期，纪元1，小行星撞击概率从1.6%增长到10%，并且是实时播放的。在2024年10月10日举行的SMPAG全体会议上，对需要实施的必要行动进行了初步评估，并提出了一套建议。Epoch 2是在小行星于2028年4月快速飞越侦察任务后模拟的，这使得小行星的大小和撞击位置得以改进。对需要作出的决定和可行的特派团备选办法进行了评估，以便于管理小组全体会议提出建议。在权衡多种偏转任务策略的基础上，选择了动力撞击器、离子束偏转和核爆炸装置。

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引用次数: 0

Real-time discovery of near-earth objects via accelerated image analysis with AI methods 利用人工智能方法加速图像分析，实时发现近地天体

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.019

Szabolcs Velkei , László L. Kiss , Károly Vass , Norton O. Szabó , Krisztián Sárneczky

Konkoly Observatory is conducting the most successful NEO survey project in Europe with a total number of NEOs found in the past four years in excess of 250, with three imminent impactors discovered between 2022 and 2024. Recently, supported by the European Space Agency, we started the implementation of a new search technique that is using machine learning algorithms to accelerate real-time image analysis with the scope of finding extreme trailed images of the smallest and nearest NEOs passing by. We have created a custom deep-learning model that was trained on a large dataset of astronomical images and their associated annotations. In addition to the real observations from the Piszkéstető Mountain Station of the Konkoly Observatory, we have also created a huge synthetic photorealistic training dataset to improve the precision and accuracy of the neural network. As a result, the model successfully learnt to recognize patterns and features in the images that are indicative of NEOs and space debris. The main goal was to have an optimized deep learning model to perform this analysis in real-time, providing quick and reliable detection that is made possible by the AI-based robust image-artifact decomposition for false positive suppression. The outcome of this project is a service that can quickly and accurately detect NEOs and space debris on astronomical images, potentially increasing the number of discoveries and improving the speed and reliability of the discovery process. The system has been evaluated using a set of rigorous tests and is benchmarked against existing methods. We provide valuable insights into the feasibility of using deep learning techniques for this type of image analysis problem and will lay the groundwork for future work in this field.

Konkoly天文台正在进行欧洲最成功的近地天体调查项目，在过去四年中发现的近地天体总数超过250个，在2022年至2024年间发现了三个即将到来的撞击天体。最近，在欧洲航天局的支持下，我们开始实施一项新的搜索技术，该技术使用机器学习算法来加速实时图像分析，以找到最小和最近的近地天体经过的极端尾随图像。我们创建了一个定制的深度学习模型，该模型是在天文图像及其相关注释的大型数据集上进行训练的。除了Konkoly天文台piszksamustetje山站的真实观测数据外，我们还创建了一个巨大的合成真实感训练数据集，以提高神经网络的精度和准确性。结果，该模型成功地学会了识别图像中的模式和特征，这些模式和特征表明是近地天体和空间碎片。主要目标是拥有一个优化的深度学习模型来实时执行此分析，通过基于人工智能的鲁棒图像伪影分解来实现快速可靠的检测，以抑制误报。该项目的成果是一项服务，可以快速准确地检测天文图像上的近地天体和空间碎片，有可能增加发现的数量，提高发现过程的速度和可靠性。该系统已通过一系列严格的测试进行了评估，并与现有方法进行了基准测试。我们为使用深度学习技术解决这类图像分析问题的可行性提供了有价值的见解，并将为该领域的未来工作奠定基础。

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