Acta Astronautica最新文献

英文中文

Analysis and control of the equilibrium position in bare electrodynamic tether systems 裸电动系索系统平衡位置的分析与控制

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.006

Mingze Xie , Hongshi Lu , Changqing Wang , Aijun Li , Yuriy Zabolotnov

This study focuses on the calculation of the equilibrium position of the bare electrodynamic tether (BEDT) and the implementation of stable control during the de-orbiting process. A novel method for calculating the equilibrium position of the BEDT system is proposed, utilizing integral variable substitution. This approach provides an analytical expression for the equilibrium position, thereby addressing the limitations of numerical curve-fitting methods and facilitating further dynamic analysis and controller design. To address the influence of variations in geomagnetic field strength and electron density on the tether attitude during deorbiting, a sliding mode controller based on prescribed performance is designed to stabilize the BEDT around its equilibrium position by adjusting the tether length. This adjustment simultaneously regulates angular momentum and current on the tether. In contrast to conventional current switching methods, the proposed strategy effectively mitigates undesired transient responses and additional system disturbances, and accurately stabilizing the BEDT system around the equilibrium position. Numerical simulations show that the analytical equilibrium calculations closely match the nonlinear model, with an error margin of less than 5%. Additionally, the tether length adjustment strategy successfully stabilizes the system around the equilibrium position, achieving an angular deviation of less than 0.2 degrees and enhanced deorbit efficiency compared to the current switching control method.

本文研究了裸电动力系绳（BEDT）在离轨过程中平衡位置的计算和稳定控制的实现。提出了一种利用积分变量代换法计算BEDT系统平衡位置的新方法。该方法提供了平衡位置的解析表达式，从而解决了数值曲线拟合方法的局限性，便于进一步的动态分析和控制器设计。为了解决地磁场强度和电子密度变化对系统姿态的影响，设计了一种基于规定性能的滑模控制器，通过调节系统缆绳长度使系统稳定在平衡位置附近。这种调整同时调节了系绳上的角动量和电流。与传统的电流切换方法相比，该策略有效地减轻了不期望的瞬态响应和额外的系统干扰，并精确地稳定了BEDT系统在平衡位置附近的稳定性。数值模拟结果表明，解析平衡计算与非线性模型吻合较好，误差小于5%。此外，系绳长度调整策略成功地将系统稳定在平衡位置附近，实现了小于0.2度的角偏差，与目前的切换控制方法相比，提高了脱轨效率。

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引用次数: 0

Habitat site selection on Mars: Suitability analysis and mapping 火星栖息地选址：适宜性分析与制图

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.019

Sijie Zhu , Bing Zhao , Yu Yan , Xing Shi

Growing interest in extraterrestrial colonization has increasingly centered on Mars, bolstered by extensive environmental data from Mars exploration missions. However, the planet's harsh conditions—including extreme temperatures, dust storms, varied terrain, high radiation, and scarce water resources—pose significant challenges to selecting suitable sites for human habitation. This study evaluated potential habitats on Mars by considering factors such as temperature, wind, radiation, terrain, dust, and water ice. Through the development of comprehensive suitability maps, we identified potential areas for future human construction, primarily concentrated in south Arcadia Planitia, south Utopia Planitia, and the junction of Acidalia Planitia and Arabia Terra. The analysis revealed that, except for Hellas Planitia, most of Mars' southern hemisphere is largely unsuitable for long-term human habitation. This work establishes a continually expandable novel framework and offers a new perspective for interdisciplinary approaches in studying human habitation environments in the context of future Martian exploration. Moreover, it can be adjusted based on different future technological scenarios.

在火星探测任务中获得的大量环境数据的支持下，人们对外星殖民的兴趣日益集中在火星上。然而，地球的恶劣条件——包括极端温度、沙尘暴、多变的地形、高辐射和稀缺的水资源——对选择合适的人类居住地构成了重大挑战。这项研究通过考虑温度、风、辐射、地形、灰尘和水冰等因素来评估火星上潜在的栖息地。通过开发综合适宜性地图，我们确定了未来人类建设的潜在区域，主要集中在阿卡迪亚平原南部、乌托邦平原南部以及阿卡迪亚平原和阿拉伯地的交汇处。分析显示，除了Hellas Planitia外，火星南半球的大部分地区都不适合人类长期居住。这项工作建立了一个不断扩展的新框架，并为未来火星探索背景下研究人类居住环境的跨学科方法提供了新的视角。此外，它可以根据不同的未来技术情景进行调整。

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引用次数: 0

Vision-based navigation and obstacle detection flight results in SLIM lunar landing 基于视觉的导航和障碍物探测飞行实现了 SLIM 月球着陆

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.002

Takayuki Ishida , Seisuke Fukuda , Kazuki Kariya , Hiroyuki Kamata , Keiki Takadama , Hirohisa Kojima , Shujiro Sawai , Shinichiro Sakai

On January 20, 2024, Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) landed on the Moon. Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) was used to estimate the position of the spacecraft accurately and autonomously during the descent phase, and it was successfully used in each of the seven regions. Obstacle detection was also performed 50 m above the lunar surface, successfully identifying safe points within the field of view of the navigation camera. As a result, SLIM was the first mission to realize pinpoint lunar landing technology with 100 m accuracy. This paper details the VBN operational concept and developed components, as well as the flight results of VBN in SLIM’s lunar landing operations.

2024 年 1 月 20 日，月球探测智能着陆器（SLIM）登陆月球。在下降阶段，使用了基于视觉的导航（VBN）来自主准确地估计航天器的位置，并在七个区域中的每个区域都成功使用了该导航。此外，还在距月球表面 50 米处进行了障碍物探测，成功确定了导航相机视野内的安全点。因此，SLIM 是首次实现精确到 100 米的月球着陆技术的任务。本文详细介绍了 VBN 运行概念和开发的组件，以及 VBN 在 SLIM 月球着陆行动中的飞行结果。

引用次数: 0

The Deployment Mechanism of the E.T.PACK Deorbit System: Functional and Qualification tests E.T.PACK离轨系统的部署机制：功能和鉴定测试

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.008

A. Brunello , G. Anese , S. Chiodini , G. Colombatti , G. Polato , S. Salmistraro , A. Valmorbida , E.C. Lorenzini

The Horizon 2020 (H2020) Future Emerging Technologies (FET) OPEN Project E.T.PACK is dedicated to advancing Electrodynamic Tether (EDT) technology by developing a specialized Deorbit Device prototype for end-of-life satellite deorbiting. In collaboration with the E.T.PACK consortium, the University of Padova conducted test campaigns aimed at evaluating the Deployment Mechanism design. This paper offers an overview of these tests, with a specific emphasis on the outcomes derived from tape spool examinations and deployment tests conducted on specific tape lengths. Furthermore, the paper delineates the setup for upcoming end-to-end deployment tests, highlighting the integration of a tape collecting machine to minimize manual intervention. The three-coil spool successfully passed qualification tests under thermal-vacuum conditions, exhibiting no instances of cold-welding. Additionally, shaker tests validated the spool ability to withstand launch conditions without requiring additional containment flanges. Furthermore, the Deployment Mechanism demonstrated its proficiency in smoothly deploying tapes with varying characteristics within the desired velocity range. Moreover, the deployment process, following a specific profile, proceeded seamlessly without any complications. Consistent continuity was maintained throughout the deployment processes, with no instances of jams or disruptions observed. These testing outcomes represent a fundamental step in the preparation and testing of the Engineering Qualification Model of the Deployment Mechanism, instilling confidence that subsequent end-to-end deployment tests will progress smoothly. To this end, a specific upside-down configuration will be implemented, and a recollecting machine was designed and manufactured to facilitate tape gathering, ensuring a streamlined and efficient testing process. A description of the end-to-end deployment test setup, including the recollecting machine, is also provided in this paper.

地平线2020 （H2020）未来新兴技术（FET）开放项目E.T.PACK致力于通过开发用于报废卫星脱轨的专用脱轨设备原型来推进电动系绳（EDT）技术。在与E.T.PACK联盟的合作中，帕多瓦大学进行了旨在评估部署机制设计的测试活动。本文概述了这些测试，特别强调了在特定磁带长度上进行的磁带轴检查和部署测试的结果。此外，本文描述了即将到来的端到端部署测试的设置，强调了磁带收集机的集成，以最大限度地减少人工干预。三线圈阀芯成功通过了热真空条件下的资格测试，没有出现冷焊的情况。此外，激振器测试验证了阀芯在不需要额外密封法兰的情况下承受发射条件的能力。此外，该部署机制证明了其在所需速度范围内平滑部署具有不同特性的磁带的熟练程度。此外，按照特定的配置文件，部署过程顺利进行，没有任何并发症。在整个部署过程中保持了一致的连续性，没有出现堵塞或中断的情况。这些测试结果代表了部署机制工程资格模型准备和测试的基本步骤，为后续的端到端部署测试将顺利进行注入信心。为此，将实施一个特定的倒置配置，并设计和制造一台回收机，以方便磁带收集，确保简化和有效的测试过程。本文还提供了端到端部署测试设置的描述，包括回收机。

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引用次数: 0

On the two approaches for the combustion instability predictions in a long-flame combustor 长火焰燃烧器燃烧不稳定性预测的两种方法

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.10.069

Xiaokang Liu , Xiaolin Xiang , Xiaoyu Yu , Qingfei Fu , Lijun Yang , Jingxuan Li

This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis and discussion of two typical predictive methods for combustion instability in long flame combustion chambers: the coupled method and the decoupled method. Using large eddy simulation (LES), the coupled method directly predicts stability in typical long flame combustion chambers. In the decoupled method, stability in the combustion chamber is predicted by combining a low-order acoustic network for long flames with flame responses and mean parameters from numerical simulations. The research results indicate that the coupled method provides full-field information, while the decoupled method neglects certain factors, such as the coupling between combustion and acoustics. However, the decoupled method can directly determine combustion instability based on the growth rate of oscillation modes. The flow field undergoes periodic changes, with the region of fluctuation in the combustion heat release rate gradually increasing, resembling vortex development, which ruptures upon encountering the wall due to radial constraints. Furthermore, in the decoupled method, the periodic changes in the flow field are controlled by the frequency of incoming flow disturbances, whereas in the coupled method, they are controlled by the acoustic frequency of the combustion chamber. In the coupled method, the coupling among disturbances and the acoustic disturbances at the boundaries amplifies the disturbances, causing the radial scale of the fluctuation region in the combustion heat release rate to increase along the axial direction and approach a fixed value faster than in the decoupled method.

本文详细比较分析和讨论了两种典型的长火焰燃烧室燃烧不稳定性预测方法：耦合法和解耦法。耦合法使用大涡模拟（LES）直接预测典型长火焰燃烧室的稳定性。在解耦方法中，燃烧室的稳定性是通过结合长火焰的低阶声学网络、火焰响应和数值模拟的平均参数来预测的。研究结果表明，耦合方法提供了全场信息，而解耦方法忽略了某些因素，如燃烧与声学之间的耦合。然而，解耦方法可以根据振荡模式的增长率直接判断燃烧的不稳定性。流场发生周期性变化，燃烧放热率的波动区域逐渐增大，类似于涡旋的发展，由于径向约束，涡旋在遇到壁面时会破裂。此外，在去耦合方法中，流场的周期性变化由流入的流动扰动频率控制，而在耦合方法中，则由燃烧室的声学频率控制。在耦合法中，扰动和边界处的声学扰动之间的耦合放大了扰动，导致燃烧热释放率波动区域的径向尺度沿轴向增加，并比解耦法更快地接近固定值。

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引用次数: 0

An active energy management distributed formation control for tethered space net robot via cooperative game theory 基于合作博弈论的系留空间网络机器人主动能量管理分布式编队控制

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.004

Yifeng Ma , Yizhai Zhang , Ya Liu , Panfeng Huang , Fan Zhang

The current studies for Tethered Space Net Robot (TSNR) typically treat the tension force induced by the net as a disturbance and employ passive suppression for compensation. However, these approaches not only result in excess fuel consumption but also overlook the intrinsic nature of the net dynamics. When one Maneuverable Unit (MU) maneuvers, it generates a tension force on the net that is transmitted to other MUs. This force not only affects the control accuracy of other MUs but also has a positive effect. In this paper, an Active Energy Management Distributed Formation Control (AEMC) strategy is proposed to reveal this kind of interaction and maximize its advantage. Firstly, an energy recovery framework is established, allowing each MU can effectively utilize the tension force due to the net. Specifically, a neural network estimator is designed to capture the hysteresis relationship in which MUs influence each other by transmitting forces through the net. Furthermore, to achieve the cooperative completion of tasks, a game based control scheme is proposed to optimize the control input and tension force collectively. Through prediction and optimization, MUs actively manage their impacts on each other, thereby controlling the influence of tension force on the tracking errors of others. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

目前对系留空间网络机器人（TSNR）的研究通常将网络产生的张力视为扰动，并采用被动抑制进行补偿。然而，这些方法不仅导致了过度的燃料消耗，而且忽视了净动力学的内在本质。当一个机动单元（MU）机动时，它在网上产生张力，张力传递给其他MU。这种力不仅影响其他mu的控制精度，而且具有积极的作用。本文提出了一种主动能量管理分布式编队控制（AEMC）策略，以揭示这种相互作用，并最大限度地发挥其优势。首先，建立能量回收框架，使各MU能够有效利用因网产生的张力。具体来说，设计了一个神经网络估计器来捕获磁滞关系，其中磁滞关系通过网络传递力来相互影响。为了实现任务的协同完成，提出了一种基于博弈的控制方案，对控制输入和张力进行集体优化。mu通过预测和优化，主动管理彼此之间的影响，从而控制张力对其他mu跟踪误差的影响。最后，通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of discharge voltage characteristics of a lanthanum hexaboride heaterless hollow cathode 六硼化镧无加热器空心阴极放电电压特性的研究

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.018

Yi-Lung Huang , Jordan H. Hsieh , Wei-Cheng Wang , Yueh-Heng Li

This study investigated the discharge voltage characteristics of an argon-fed lanthanum hexaboride heaterless hollow cathode to assess the influence of flow rate, discharge current, background pressure, and applied magnetic field strength. Decreasing the flow rate from 15 to 3 sccm led to a considerable increase in discharge voltage and peak-to-peak oscillation, particularly for flow rates below 5 sccm. Subsequently, variation in discharge current was tested at 4–7 A; this test revealed that the discharge voltage decreases from 53 to 48 V as the discharge current increases, while the peak-to-peak oscillation increases by approximately 2 V with the rise in discharge current. At high background pressures (8.1 × 10⁻⁴ Torr), the discharge voltage decreased by 15 V, and the peak-to-peak oscillation was maintained at 5 V. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of the discharge voltage indicated the occurrence of high-energy oscillations at 10–500 kHz owing to ionization instability. The discharge voltage decreased when the strength of an externally applied axial magnetic field increased from 0 to 118 G. Such a result can be attributed to increased ionization (caused by the applied magnetic field) in the emitter and cathode-keeper region, thereby decreasing sheath potential on the emitter surface.

本研究调查了氩气馈电六硼化镧无加热器空心阴极的放电电压特性，以评估流量、放电电流、背景压力和外加磁场强度的影响。将流速从 15 sccm 降低到 3 sccm 会导致放电电压和峰峰振荡显著增加，尤其是流速低于 5 sccm 时。随后，测试了放电电流在 4-7 A 时的变化；测试显示，随着放电电流的增加，放电电压从 53 V 下降到 48 V，而峰峰振荡则随着放电电流的增加而增加约 2 V。在高背景压力（8.1 × 10-4 托）下，放电电压降低了 15 V，峰-峰振荡保持在 5 V。此外，放电电压的频谱分析表明，由于电离不稳定性，在 10-500 kHz 处出现了高能振荡。当外部施加的轴向磁场强度从 0 G 增加到 118 G 时，放电电压降低。这种结果可归因于发射极和阴极保持区的电离增加（由施加的磁场引起），从而降低了发射极表面的鞘势。

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引用次数: 0

Extreme translational impact of triple-shock configurations of blast waves in a confined volume of an orbital station 爆炸波三重冲击构型在轨道站密闭空间内的极端平移影响

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.017

M.V. Chernyshov, K.E. Savelova

The translational effects of gas streams, which form after the triple-shock configurations at Mach reflection of blast waves with normal main shock (so-called stationary Mach configurations), were analyzed. Unlike in the case of an elevated explosions of fuel as rocket starts in initially stagnant air, which is considered here as a private case, it was supposed that this shock-wave structure moves in a preceding flow with arbitrary velocity (and corresponding flow Mach number). Analyzing relations of the dynamic pressures across the slipstream, which emanates from the triple point of the Mach reflection, it was shown that the flows after the triple-shock configuration usually differ much in their translational action on surrounding objects. It was found and discussed that some configurations drag the objects initially situated above and below the triple-point trajectory in opposite directions. Moreover, the “trigger” structure was found that remains previous flow drag action on the object above the triple-point trajectory, but switches it to exactly opposite one, if the object is situated below the triple point.

对气流的平移效应进行了分析，这些气流是在正常主冲击波（所谓的静止马赫构型）的马赫反射爆炸波的三重冲击构型之后形成的。与火箭在初始停滞空气中启动时燃料高空爆炸的情况不同（这里将其视为一种特殊情况），我们假定这种冲击波结构以任意速度（和相应的气流马赫数）在前面的气流中运动。通过分析从马赫反射的三重点发出的滑流的动态压力关系，可以发现三重冲击波结构后的气流通常在对周围物体的平移作用上有很大差异。研究发现并讨论了某些构型会将最初位于三重点轨迹上方和下方的物体拖向相反的方向。此外，还发现了一种 "触发器 "结构，它可以保持先前对三重冲击点轨迹上方物体的流动拖拽作用，但如果物体位于三重冲击点下方，则将其切换为完全相反的拖拽作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of particle size on gasification of solid fuel in a low-temperature gas generator 粒度对低温气体发生器中固体燃料气化的影响

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.016

M.V. Salganskaya, A. Yu Zaichenko, D.N. Podlesniy, M.V. Tsvetkov, Yu Yu Tsvetkova, E.A. Salgansky

The work is devoted to the study of gasification of porous material under the conditions of a gas generator of a propulsion system. A low-temperature gas generator for producing combustible gases can be included in a solid fuel engine. The effect of urotropine particle size on the characteristics of its gasification under the conditions of a low-temperature gas generator was experimentally studied. For this purpose, urotropine particles of various fractions were used: 2–3, 3–5, 5–7 and 7–10 mm. It is shown that there is a particle size value above which the gasification characteristics are practically independent of this parameter. The effect of particle size on gasification characteristics only appears for particle size values below a certain size. This is explained by a decrease in the permeability of the porous bed as the particle size decreases.

这项工作致力于研究多孔材料在推进系统气体发生器条件下的气化。用于产生可燃气体的低温气体发生器可包含在固体燃料发动机中。实验研究了乌洛托品颗粒大小对其在低温气体发生器条件下气化特性的影响。为此，我们使用了不同馏分的乌洛托品颗粒：2-3、3-5、5-7 和 7-10 毫米。结果表明，在某一粒度值之上，气化特性实际上与该参数无关。粒度对气化特性的影响只出现在低于某一粒度值时。这是因为多孔床的渗透性随着颗粒尺寸的减小而减小。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Orbit determination for spacecraft with continuous low-thrust using nonsingular Thrust-Fourier-Coefficients and filtering-through approach’ [Acta Astronaut. 224 November 2024, 353–366, AA_10602] 利用非正弦推力-傅里叶系数和滤过法确定连续低推力航天器的轨道"[Acta Astronaut. 224 November 2024, 353-366, AA_10602] 更正

IF 3.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.10.068

Jidan Zhang , Tinglei Zhu , Changyin Zhao

引用次数: 0

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