Acta Astronautica最新文献_第10页

Mission concept for SURROUND: Operational space weather detection and tracking using small spacecraft 环绕任务概念：使用小型航天器进行操作空间天气探测和跟踪

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.055

Alejandro Macario-Rojas , Dale M. Weigt , L. Alberto Cañizares , Shane A. Maloney , Sophie A. Murray , Peter T. Gallagher , Nicholas H. Crisp , Ciara N. McGrath

One of the greatest challenges facing current space weather monitoring operations is forecasting the arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs). This paper presents a mission concept for operational detection and monitoring of solar weather events as a means of forecasting the arrival of potentially hazardous CMEs and SEPs at Earth-like distances. Foregrounding the operational (rather than scientific) requirements of the system, this work proposes a high-level mission design that could provide detection of solar weather events by tracking associated solar radio bursts, enabling advanced warning of their arrival at Earth. This work concludes that 3–5 small spacecraft equipped with radio spectrometers positioned at the Sun–Earth Lagrange points and in Earth-leading/-trailing orbits could be used to provide this capability, with the

L_{4}

and

L_{5}

Lagrange points most advantageous for mission performance. While technical developments in CubeSat survivability would be required to enable the SURROUND mission, suitable launch, injection and communication options are identified, indicating its potential feasibility in the near future.

当前空间气象监测业务面临的最大挑战之一是预测日冕物质抛射（cme）和太阳高能粒子（sep）的到来。本文提出了一个任务概念，用于操作探测和监测太阳天气事件，作为预测潜在危险的日冕物质抛射和sep到达类地距离的手段。展望系统的操作（而不是科学）需求，这项工作提出了一个高水平的任务设计，可以通过跟踪相关的太阳射电爆发来提供太阳天气事件的探测，从而实现它们到达地球的提前预警。这项工作的结论是，3-5个配备无线电光谱仪的小型航天器，定位在太阳-地球拉格朗日点和地球领先/落后轨道上，可以用来提供这种能力，L4和L5拉格朗日点对任务性能最有利。虽然立方体卫星生存能力的技术发展将需要实现环绕任务，但确定了合适的发射、注入和通信选择，表明其在不久的将来的潜在可行性。

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引用次数: 0

An interactive gated-attention network with dual streams for semantic understanding of Martian surface images 面向火星表面图像语义理解的双流交互式门控网络

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.002

Shan Lin , Quanke Hu , Hongwei Guo , Miao Dong , Xitailang Cao , Hong Zheng

Mars surface semantic segmentation faces three key challenges: complex terrain boundaries, small-scale target omission, and costly manual annotation. To address these issues, we propose an integrated framework that combines feature attention, cross-domain transfer learning, and interactive optimization. First, we construct Mars_5000, a new multi-modal dataset that fuses real Mars rover imagery with high-precision pixel annotations. The dataset significantly improves fine-grained labeling accuracy across five terrain categories, including rocks and dunes. Second, we design DualPath-Net, a dual-path network that employs gated attention fusion blocks (GAFB) to dynamically balance local details and global context. This results in a 14.2 % improvement in rock edge segmentation IoU compared to baseline models. Additionally, a transfer learning strategy is introduced to adapt to the scale sensitivity of distant scene views. Furthermore, we develop the interactive annotation system MarsAnno, which combines dynamic confidence sampling and contour optimization algorithms, increasing annotation efficiency by 4.5 times while achieving an annotation reuse rate of 89.3 %, significantly enhancing the model's generalization ability in unseen scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 88.1 % mIoU and 94 % mPA on the full-scene test set, significantly improving segmentation accuracy compared to existing models, highlighting its value for Mars exploration tasks and related applications.

火星表面语义分割面临三个关键挑战：复杂的地形边界、小尺度目标遗漏和昂贵的人工标注。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一个结合特征注意、跨领域迁移学习和交互优化的集成框架。首先，我们构建了一个新的多模态数据集Mars_5000，该数据集融合了真实的火星探测器图像和高精度的像素注释。该数据集显著提高了五种地形类别（包括岩石和沙丘）的细粒度标记精度。其次，我们设计了DualPath-Net，这是一个采用门控注意力融合块（GAFB）来动态平衡局部细节和全局上下文的双路径网络。与基线模型相比，这使得岩石边缘分割IoU提高了14.2%。此外，还引入了一种迁移学习策略，以适应远处景物的尺度敏感性。此外，我们开发了交互式标注系统MarsAnno，该系统结合了动态置信度采样和轮廓优化算法，将标注效率提高了4.5倍，实现了89.3%的标注重用率，显著增强了模型在未知场景下的泛化能力。实验结果表明，该方法在全场景测试集上达到了88.1%的mIoU和94%的mPA，与现有模型相比，分割精度显著提高，突出了其在火星探测任务及相关应用中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation and experimental study of lunar surface drilling sampling based on JKR contact model 基于JKR接触模型的月球表面钻孔取样数值模拟与实验研究

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.062

Jia Fu , Haitao Luo , Yuxin Li , Huadong Li , Dehui Li , Teijun Wang

With the smooth progress of lunar exploration programs, lunar sampling has become a major research focus in current deep space missions. Sampling techniques and methods are the key to lunar surface sampling tasks. However, conventional drilling simulation analyses are often difficult to accurately match with experimental results, which makes research on drilling simulation modeling highly significant. For the simulation of lunar regolith drilling and sampling, the accurate calibration of discrete element parameters of lunar soil was systematically carried out based on the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact theory. A discrete element model consistent with the lunar highland regolith characteristics returned by the Apollo missions was established and verified through angle of repose experiments. Subsequently, an external helical hollow drill rod was designed as the drilling-sampling tool, and a coupled discrete element–multibody dynamics simulation model of the interaction between the drilling-sampling tool and lunar soil particles was established to predict the variation of drilling loads during penetration. A drilling-sampling experimental platform was then designed and built to explore the relationship between drilling torque variation and feed rate, rotation speed, as well as the physical properties of lunar regolith. The results were compared with numerical simulation outcomes, showing errors below 20 %. These research findings provide important technical support and parameter references for practical lunar surface sampling missions.

随着月球探测计划的顺利进行，月球采样已成为当前深空探测任务的主要研究热点。采样技术和方法是月球表面采样任务的关键。然而，常规的钻井仿真分析往往难以与实验结果准确匹配，这使得钻井仿真建模研究具有重要意义。针对月壤钻探与采样模拟，基于JKR （Johnson-Kendall-Roberts）接触理论，系统地进行了月壤离散元参数的精确定标。建立了符合阿波罗任务返回的月球高原风化层特征的离散元模型，并通过休止角实验进行了验证。随后，设计了外螺旋空心钻杆作为钻采工具，建立了钻采工具与月壤颗粒相互作用的离散元-多体耦合动力学仿真模型，预测了钻采过程中钻井载荷的变化。设计并搭建钻井取样实验平台，探讨钻井扭矩变化与进给速率、转速及月壤物理性质的关系。结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较，误差在20%以下。这些研究成果为实际的月球表面采样任务提供了重要的技术支撑和参数参考。

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引用次数: 0

A bi-stage optimization framework for crewed lunar rover 载人月球车双级优化框架

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.001

Kaidi Zhang , Junwei Shi , Jinglai Wu , Chongfeng Zhang , Yunqing Zhang

This study presents a novel two-stage optimization framework for enhancing the mobility performance of crewed lunar rovers (CLR) in low-gravity environments, with emphasis on safety and efficiency. In the first stage, a dimensional analysis-based parameter design approach is established, utilizing similarity principles to derive Earth–Moon scaling laws and preliminary suspension parameters through vibration transfer analysis. The second stage involves the construction of an efficient Deep Neural Network (DNN) surrogate model within a dynamics simulation framework that incorporates mechanical modeling of elastic wheel-terrain interaction. The surrogate model is integrated with the SPEA-II multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and TOPSIS decision-making method to achieve global optimization of suspension parameters. To further validate the optimization results, a physics-based virtual prototype of the CLR was developed using an open-source multi-physics simulation platform. Comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that the optimized design exhibit's robust reliability across a wide range of operational scenarios, including variations in travel velocity, payload mass, and terrain roughness.

本文提出了一种新的两阶段优化框架，以提高载人月球车在低重力环境下的机动性能，重点是安全性和效率。第一阶段，建立了基于量纲分析的参数设计方法，利用相似原理，通过振动传递分析推导出地月标度规律和初步悬架参数；第二阶段涉及在包含弹性车轮-地形相互作用力学建模的动力学仿真框架内构建高效的深度神经网络（DNN）代理模型。将代理模型与SPEA-II多目标进化算法和TOPSIS决策方法相结合，实现悬架参数的全局优化。为了进一步验证优化结果，利用开源多物理场仿真平台开发了基于物理的CLR虚拟样机。综合评估表明，优化后的设计在各种作战场景下都表现出强大的可靠性，包括飞行速度、有效载荷质量和地形粗糙度的变化。

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引用次数: 0

MEMS X-ray source enables ultra-compact XRF spectrometry for in situ extraterrestrial surface analysis MEMS x射线源使超紧凑的XRF光谱法在现场地外表面分析

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.052

Paweł Urbanski, Piotr Szyszka

Compact, low-power X-ray sources are critical for enabling XRF capabilities within the strict mass, volume and power budgets of small planetary landers and rovers. This work evaluates the performance of a MEMS-based X-ray source that integrates a field emission electron emitter, a transmission target, and an on-chip vacuum micro-pump, providing intense soft X-ray radiation suitable for the excitation of low-Z elements. The source was tested in laboratory conditions through the XRF analysis of four lunar regolith simulants (LHS-1D, LHS-1, LMS-1D and LSP-2). The elemental compositions retrieved from the spectra closely match the reference values supplied by the manufacturer, confirming the suitability of the MEMS device for the characterization of lunar surface materials. Owing to its reduced mass, volume and power consumption, the MEMS source offers substantial advantages over conventional X-ray tubes, particularly for resource-limited missions and applications related to in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). The increased efficiency in exciting low-energy fluorescence lines further enhances its applicability to regolith studies. The results demonstrate that MEMS X-ray sources constitute a promising technological alternative for future planetary science missions, supporting both scientific investigations and on-site resource monitoring.

紧凑、低功率的x射线源对于在小型行星着陆器和漫游车严格的质量、体积和功率预算范围内实现XRF功能至关重要。这项工作评估了基于mems的x射线源的性能，该源集成了场发射电子发射器，传输目标和片上真空微型泵，提供适合激发低z元素的强软x射线辐射。在实验室条件下，通过对四种月球风化模拟物（LHS-1D、LHS-1、LHS-1D和LSP-2）的XRF分析对源进行了测试。从光谱中提取的元素组成与制造商提供的参考值非常吻合，证实了MEMS器件对月球表面材料表征的适用性。由于其质量、体积和功耗的降低，MEMS源比传统的x射线管具有很大的优势，特别是在资源有限的任务和与原位资源利用（ISRU）相关的应用中。激发低能荧光谱线效率的提高进一步增强了其在风化层研究中的适用性。结果表明，MEMS x射线源为未来的行星科学任务提供了一种有前途的技术选择，既支持科学调查，也支持现场资源监测。

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引用次数: 0

Gravity field estimation of Callisto using tracking data for the upcoming Tianwen-4 mission 利用即将到来的“天文四号”任务跟踪数据估计木卫四重力场

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.061

ShangBiao Sun , JianGuo Yan , WuTong Gao , Chongyang Wang , Zohaib Afzal , Zhen Wang , Jean-Pierre Barriot

Callisto’s internal structure remains poorly constrained due to the limited resolution of existing gravity field models derived from Galileo flybys. Unlike ESA’s JUICE and NASA’s Europa Clipper missions, China’s upcoming Tianwen-4 mission will orbit Callisto, providing a unique opportunity to determine its high-degree gravity field and tidal Love number. Using in-house precision orbit determination software and simulated radio tracking data, this study investigates the capability of the China Deep Space Network (CDSN) to estimate Callisto’s gravity field under various observation geometries and tracking configurations. The results show that reducing Doppler noise from 0.1 to 0.01 mm/s improves precision by an order of magnitude. At altitudes of 200 km and 400 km, coefficients can be resolved up to degrees 80 and 50, respectively. Increasing orbital eccentricity from 0 to 0.1 degrades estimation accuracy. Combining range and VLBI observables improves the accuracy of low-degree gravity coefficients by about 1.4 and 1.5 times, respectively. Combining all CDSN stations further improves the estimation accuracy across all degrees. Extending tracking duration from 6 to 12 months improves estimated accuracy and spatial resolution. The best and worst gravity field estimations provide a quantitative basis for comparing orbital prediction accuracy and Callisto’s gravity anomaly uncertainties. The lowest accuracy in the

k_{2}

estimation occurs at an orbital altitude of 400 km, with a 1-

σ

uncertainty of 0.033, which remains sufficient to detect the potential presence of a subsurface ocean. These results demonstrate the strong potential of CDSN-supported Tianwen-4 mission to achieve high-precision gravity estimation and internal structure characterization of Callisto.

由于现有的重力场模型的分辨率有限，由于伽利略号的飞掠，木卫四的内部结构仍然没有得到很好的约束。与欧洲航天局的JUICE和美国宇航局的木卫二快船任务不同，中国即将到来的“天文学家四号”任务将围绕木卫四运行，提供一个独特的机会来确定其高度重力场和潮汐洛夫数。利用国产精密定轨软件和模拟无线电跟踪数据，研究了中国深空网络（CDSN）在不同观测几何形状和跟踪配置下估计木卫四重力场的能力。结果表明，将多普勒噪声从0.1 mm/s降低到0.01 mm/s，精度提高了一个数量级。在海拔200公里和400公里处，系数可以分别分辨到80度和50度。轨道偏心率从0增加到0.1会降低估计精度。结合距离和VLBI观测数据，低次重力系数的精度分别提高了1.4倍和1.5倍。将所有CDSN台站组合在一起，进一步提高了各个度的估计精度。将跟踪时间从6个月延长到12个月，可以提高估计精度和空间分辨率。最佳和最差重力场估计为比较轨道预测精度和木卫四重力异常不确定性提供了定量依据。k2估计的最低精度出现在400 km轨道高度，1 σ不确定度为0.033，这仍然足以探测到地下海洋的潜在存在。这些结果表明，cdsn支持的“天文四号”任务在实现木卫四高精度重力估计和内部结构表征方面具有强大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Physics-informed and noise-assisted self-supervised learning with dual samples input for hypersonic DSMC denoising 具有双样本输入的物理信息和噪声辅助自监督学习用于高超声速DSMC去噪

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.056

Yuqi Wei, Fang Chen, Yingxuan Qin, Liaolei He, Yang Wang

The method of Direct Simulation of Monte Carlo (DSMC) is important for the simulation of hypersonic multi-regime aerodynamics. In this paper, a self-supervised denoising method with physical constraint and noise assistance is proposed to eliminate the random noise in DSMC. This method theoretically only requires two samples as input and can directly distinguish the flow fields with high fidelity by simultaneously learning the noise differences and structural similarities between noisy samples with no need of clean data. Investigation into this method shows that it has better effect than traditional filtering methods. The physical residuals of flow fields after denoising are closer to the real residuals, indicating its strong physical interpretability. The noise-assisted strategy can achieve higher reliability, as evidenced by the Bootstrap interval estimation, which shows it less affected by the randomness of neural networks. The generalization analysis shows that it has strong generalization ability, and can reduce the number of DSMC particles required to obtain flow field with the same level of structure similarity by one order of magnitude, and the number of DSMC particles required to obtain similar surface pressure distribution by two orders of magnitude. This method may have important value for improving the computational efficiency of DSMC in the future.

蒙特卡罗直接模拟（DSMC）方法是高超声速多区空气动力学仿真的重要方法。本文提出了一种基于物理约束和噪声辅助的自监督去噪方法来消除DSMC中的随机噪声。该方法理论上只需要两个样本作为输入，通过同时学习噪声样本之间的噪声差异和结构相似性，无需干净的数据，就可以高保真地直接区分流场。研究表明，该方法比传统的滤波方法具有更好的滤波效果。去噪后的流场物理残差更接近真实残差，表明其具有较强的物理可解释性。Bootstrap区间估计表明，噪声辅助策略具有较高的可靠性，受神经网络随机性的影响较小。泛化分析表明，该方法具有较强的泛化能力，可以将获得具有相同结构相似性水平的流场所需的DSMC粒子数减少一个数量级，将获得相似表面压力分布所需的DSMC粒子数减少两个数量级。该方法对提高DSMC的计算效率具有重要的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Design and evaluation of a miniaturized bioregenerative microecosystem for CubeSat missions 用于立方体卫星任务的小型生物再生微生态系统的设计与评估

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.057

Marco Griffa , Adriano Di Giovanni , Gaspare Santaera , Cesare Stefanini , Donato Romano

Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) are a key emerging technology to enable long term space exploration. However, small-scale implementations are difficult to realize and their behavior under space conditions remains scarcely investigated. This study aims at developing and evaluating the smallest self-sustaining, controlled microecosystem suitable for deployment as a CubeSat payload. The system integrates a closed habitat hosting autotrophic (mosses) and heterotrophic (soil micro-arthropods) organisms, along with electronics for environmental monitoring and control. The microecosystem was tested over a 120-day isolation period under laboratory conditions. Tests and simulations of space conditions were also performed. Experimental results demonstrate survival and stability of the biological components during the four-month period, along with successful activation and maintenance of

{CO}_{2}

cycling via artificial stimuli.

{CO}_{2}

levels decreased from 20000 ppm to 5000 ppm through fixation in plant tissue. Oscillations of 500 ppm were observed with periods of 20, 9, 7 and 1 days. Simulated responses to satellite launch indicated no structural failure, with the maximum stress not exceeding the ultimate strength. Results suggest that small-scale biological modules are optimal candidates for experiments aboard CubeSat-class satellites. Insights from this study may support the development of space BLSSs and inform ecological responses to environmental stressors.

生物再生生命维持系统（BLSS）是实现长期太空探索的关键新兴技术。然而，小规模的实现是难以实现的，它们在空间条件下的行为仍然很少研究。本研究旨在开发和评估适合作为立方体卫星有效载荷部署的最小自我维持、可控的微生态系统。该系统集成了一个封闭的栖息地，容纳自养（苔藓）和异养（土壤微节肢动物）生物，以及用于环境监测和控制的电子设备。在实验室条件下对微生态系统进行了120天的隔离测试。还进行了空间条件的试验和模拟。实验结果表明，生物组分在4个月的时间内存活并保持稳定，同时通过人工刺激成功激活和维持二氧化碳循环。二氧化碳水平通过在植物组织中的固定从20000ppm降低到5000ppm。500 ppm的振荡周期为20、9、7和1天。卫星发射的模拟响应表明，结构没有破坏，最大应力不超过极限强度。结果表明，小型生物模块是立方体卫星上实验的最佳候选者。这项研究的见解可以支持空间生物资源系统的发展，并为环境压力的生态响应提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial purification of perchlorate in a simulated Martian water to ensure its plant cultivation for Martian BLSS 模拟火星水中高氯酸盐的微生物净化，以确保火星BLSS的植物培养

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.059

Hang Wu , Xi Zeng , Hui Liu , Hong Liu , Beizhen Xie

In-situ utilization of Martian water resources is imperative for sustained long-term exploration missions. To address perchlorate contamination that hinders its use in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS), this study developed a simulated Martian water (SMW) formula (validated composition, containing 500 mg/L ClO₄⁻ and characteristic ions) and evaluated its microbial purification and subsequent plant cultivation potential. The results showed that screened strains Dechloromonas agitata and Brucella intermedia exhibited ClO₄⁻ removal capabilities in the SMW. Under optimized conditions of inoculum amount (OD₆₀₀ = 0.2), pH 7.5, and extra nutrients (CH₃COONa 1.8 g/L, NH₄Cl 0.25 g/L, NaH₂PO₄ 0.6 g/L), Dechloromonas agitata achieved complete degradation of 500 mg/L ClO₄⁻ within 10 days, while Brucella intermedia accomplished full degradation in 5-fold diluted SMW within 15 days. Cultivation of ClO₄⁻-sensitive plants (wheat, lettuce) using the purified SMW resulted in 95 % seed germination and significantly enhanced morphological indices (leaf length, plant height) and physiological parameters (photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate) compared to the untreated control. Critically, no ClO₄⁻ residue was detected in plant tissues cultivated with the purified SMW. These results demonstrate that the developed technology effectively produces water meeting BLSS cultivation requirements, thereby offering a viable pathway for in-situ Martian water utilization.

火星水资源的就地利用对于持续的长期探测任务是必不可少的。为了解决阻碍其在生物再生生命支持系统（BLSS）中使用的高氯酸盐污染问题，本研究开发了一种模拟火星水（SMW）配方（经过验证的成分，含有500 mg/L ClO4 -和特征离子），并评估了其微生物净化和随后的植物培养潜力。结果表明，筛选到的发酵脱氯单胞菌和中间布氏菌在SMW中具有去除ClO4−的能力。在接种量（OD600 = 0.2）、pH为7.5、外加营养物（CH3COONa 1.8 g/L、NH4Cl 0.25 g/L、NaH2PO4 0.6 g/L）的优化条件下，agitata脱绿单胞菌对500 mg/L ClO4−的降解时间为10天，而中间布氏菌对5倍稀释的SMW的降解时间为15天。使用纯化的SMW培养ClO4−敏感植物（小麦、生菜），种子发芽率达到95%，形态指标（叶长、株高）和生理参数（光合色素含量、净光合速率）均显著高于未处理的对照。关键是，用纯化的SMW培养的植物组织中没有检测到ClO4−残留物。这些结果表明，所开发的技术有效地产生了满足BLSS培养要求的水，从而为火星原位水利用提供了一条可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Exhaustive search of gravity assist trajectories for rapid reconnaissance and deflection of fictitious asteroid PDC2025 对虚拟小行星PDC2025的快速侦察和偏转重力辅助轨迹的详尽搜索

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Acta Astronautica

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.047

Miguel Gavira-Aladro , Claudio Bombardelli

The hypothetical asteroid threat exercise for the 2025 Planetary Defense Conference presents an intriguing trajectory design challenge for potential deflection missions, as the considerably high eccentricity and inclination of the fictitious asteroid ensure considerable relative arrival velocities for kinetic impactors. In addition, the extended 17-year interval between the initial discovery and the possible impact date allows for the exploitation of multiple gravity assist (MGA) trajectories involving inner solar system planets and Jupiter. This enhances the deflection capability of a kinetic impactor and, additionally, facilitates an otherwise very expensive low-relative-velocity rendezvous reconnaissance mission.

In this work, we utilize a rapid, Lambert-free, sequence-independent trajectory-finding algorithm previously developed by the authors, capable of computing all viable MGA trajectories to the asteroid before the expected impact. Additionally, this solver has been improved to include resonance chains in the trajectories. From this full characterization of the solution space, suitable reconnaissance and impact solutions are selected. Gravity assists are key in order to achieve a feasible rendezvous without requiring a high-energy launch (C3 < 50 km²/s²), with optimal phasing occurring near perihelion. Moreover, some of the most promising trajectories feature multiple resonant legs.

Interestingly, gravity-assist impact trajectories—impacting almost tangentially and near perihelion—appear to be more effective than direct impact trajectories in the proposed scenario. A reconnaissance rendezvous mission followed by a kinetic impact deflection mission is shown to be technologically feasible with carefully designed MGA trajectories, offering multiple launch and arrival opportunities.

2025年行星防御会议的假设小行星威胁演习为潜在的偏转任务提出了一个有趣的轨迹设计挑战，因为虚拟小行星的相当高的偏心率和倾角确保了动能撞击器的相当大的相对到达速度。此外，从最初的发现到可能的撞击日期之间延长了17年的间隔，这使得利用涉及太阳系内行星和木星的多重重力辅助（MGA）轨迹成为可能。这增强了动力撞击器的偏转能力，此外，还促进了原本非常昂贵的低相对速度交会侦察任务。在这项工作中，我们利用了作者先前开发的快速，无lambert，序列无关的轨迹查找算法，能够在预期撞击之前计算所有可行的小行星MGA轨迹。此外，该求解器已得到改进，在轨迹中包含共振链。从解决方案空间的充分表征中，选择合适的侦察和影响解决方案。为了在不需要高能发射（C3 < 50 km²/s²）的情况下实现可行的交会，重力辅助是关键，最佳相位发生在近日点附近。此外，一些最有希望的轨迹具有多个共振腿。有趣的是，在提议的场景中，重力辅助撞击轨迹——几乎是切线撞击和近日点附近撞击——似乎比直接撞击轨迹更有效。通过精心设计的MGA轨迹，提供多种发射和到达机会，在技术上可行的是侦察交会任务之后的动能撞击偏转任务。

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引用次数: 0