Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1177/0169796x231168151
Iryna Bukrieieva, L. Afanasieva
Since February 24, 2022, Ukraine has defended not only its sovereign territory, national identity, and democratic values but international law and the security of Europe. Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine disregards moral and legal norms of warfare. The army of any state reflects the moral, legal, technological, and intellectual caliber of its society. By now, most of the world has seen that the so-called “second best army of the world” is composed largely of poorly trained draftees, mercenaries, criminals, looters, rapists, and thieves who have violated all of the tenants of the international laws of war,1 in particular, the Geneva and Hague Conventions on the Laws of Land War.
{"title":"The Russian Occupation of Melitopol, Ukraine","authors":"Iryna Bukrieieva, L. Afanasieva","doi":"10.1177/0169796x231168151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796x231168151","url":null,"abstract":"Since February 24, 2022, Ukraine has defended not only its sovereign territory, national identity, and democratic values but international law and the security of Europe. Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine disregards moral and legal norms of warfare. The army of any state reflects the moral, legal, technological, and intellectual caliber of its society. By now, most of the world has seen that the so-called “second best army of the world” is composed largely of poorly trained draftees, mercenaries, criminals, looters, rapists, and thieves who have violated all of the tenants of the international laws of war,1 in particular, the Geneva and Hague Conventions on the Laws of Land War.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231160320
Valentina Viego
This article focuses on the ways in which environmental degradation occurs, is publicized and “managed” in urban areas. It examines the perspectives and the actions undertaken by the various social actors in these conditions. This analysis is based on a case study of the port town of Ingeniero White in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ingeniero White has a deep-water port, several large grain terminals, and a large petrochemical complex. The analysis reveals the forms of popular organization, which have opposed the environmental degradation in this urban setting. This case study is based on past research, official reports, press articles, and in-depth interviews with local actors.
{"title":"Environmental Degradation and Collective Action in Ingeniero White, Argentina","authors":"Valentina Viego","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231160320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231160320","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the ways in which environmental degradation occurs, is publicized and “managed” in urban areas. It examines the perspectives and the actions undertaken by the various social actors in these conditions. This analysis is based on a case study of the port town of Ingeniero White in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ingeniero White has a deep-water port, several large grain terminals, and a large petrochemical complex. The analysis reveals the forms of popular organization, which have opposed the environmental degradation in this urban setting. This case study is based on past research, official reports, press articles, and in-depth interviews with local actors.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/09734082231158877
S. Aiyuk, P. Molosiwa
COVID-19 has dominated global health since it became a global pandemic in early 2020. It has stressed global health systems and pushed many other health concerns to the back burner. There is an urgent need to look for innovative ways to tackle the pandemic in a sustainable and transferrable manner. This article examines the COVID-19 control measures in Botswana. It describes the innovative government actions taken to control the pandemic. It also presents the observations of the authors, who have observed these actions around the country. They report on the effectiveness of the control cordon belts and the disinfection of people and animals as well as the sanitizing of objects like shoes and cars that pass across the control boundaries. Based upon the effectiveness of the control measures in Botswana, the authors recommend an innovative disease control framework for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases which they contend is replicable in other countries.
{"title":"Sanitize the Man, Sanitize the Car: COVID-19 Disease Control in Botswana","authors":"S. Aiyuk, P. Molosiwa","doi":"10.1177/09734082231158877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09734082231158877","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has dominated global health since it became a global pandemic in early 2020. It has stressed global health systems and pushed many other health concerns to the back burner. There is an urgent need to look for innovative ways to tackle the pandemic in a sustainable and transferrable manner. This article examines the COVID-19 control measures in Botswana. It describes the innovative government actions taken to control the pandemic. It also presents the observations of the authors, who have observed these actions around the country. They report on the effectiveness of the control cordon belts and the disinfection of people and animals as well as the sanitizing of objects like shoes and cars that pass across the control boundaries. Based upon the effectiveness of the control measures in Botswana, the authors recommend an innovative disease control framework for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases which they contend is replicable in other countries.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231158871
A. George
The development experience of the state of Kerala in southwest India is based generally on democratic principles of equality and popular participation. This article focuses on the lives of the Adivasi 1 people of Attapadi in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It argues that the state of Kerala largely treats the Adivasis as secondary citizens and ignores their right to be socially and economically empowered. The state of Kerala takes pride in its positive ranking on human development and social progress indexes but has not done enough to stop Adivasi infants from dying of malnutrition, and Adivasis’ demands for land rights have been disregarded. As a result, they are forced to live obscure lives in poverty and generally unable to influence their sociopolitical sphere.
{"title":"Kerala Development and the Attapadi Adivasi","authors":"A. George","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231158871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231158871","url":null,"abstract":"The development experience of the state of Kerala in southwest India is based generally on democratic principles of equality and popular participation. This article focuses on the lives of the Adivasi 1 people of Attapadi in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It argues that the state of Kerala largely treats the Adivasis as secondary citizens and ignores their right to be socially and economically empowered. The state of Kerala takes pride in its positive ranking on human development and social progress indexes but has not done enough to stop Adivasi infants from dying of malnutrition, and Adivasis’ demands for land rights have been disregarded. As a result, they are forced to live obscure lives in poverty and generally unable to influence their sociopolitical sphere.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47133116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231162274
K. H. Yeganeh
This article relies on a leading line of anthropological research on the socio-cultural implications of orality in Iran. The analyses reveal that the prevalence of oral language in Iran is associated with a wide range of implications, such as redundancy, emotionality, ambiguity, high-context culture traits, the lack of critical thinking, the gap between speech and writing, the importance of poetry, restricted scientific and technical knowledge, religiosity, traditionalism, the centrality of negotiating, old-fashioned entrepreneurship, and authoritarian governance and leadership. The article examines the practical consequences of orality on Iranian culture, social relations, and politics.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Socio-cultural Implications of Orality in Iran","authors":"K. H. Yeganeh","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231162274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231162274","url":null,"abstract":"This article relies on a leading line of anthropological research on the socio-cultural implications of orality in Iran. The analyses reveal that the prevalence of oral language in Iran is associated with a wide range of implications, such as redundancy, emotionality, ambiguity, high-context culture traits, the lack of critical thinking, the gap between speech and writing, the importance of poetry, restricted scientific and technical knowledge, religiosity, traditionalism, the centrality of negotiating, old-fashioned entrepreneurship, and authoritarian governance and leadership. The article examines the practical consequences of orality on Iranian culture, social relations, and politics.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47080829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221150482
S. Kunnath, V. George, K. G. S. Kumar, A. Babu
The opportunity to live and take part in community life is a basic human right, and persons with disabilities (PwD) often need additional care and support to achieve this. This becomes a real challenge in a developing society. The goal of this research is to create a vision for the empowerment of people with disabilities and to pave the way for their independent living in a developing society. The study used a mixed design method. Analyzing data from various government reports resulted in a status analysis of disability in the state of Kerala, India. The study found that the gaps identified in the disability sector in Kerala were primarily in the areas of the availability of sustainable model programs, innovations, research, education, skill development, and employment coupled with an inadequate ecosystem for the implementation of projects and schemes. A qualitative study design was adopted. The participants were selected using the expert analysis technique of purposeful sampling and data was collected using an interview guide. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and are presented in a descriptive format. Despite the fact that the data in several government agencies are incomplete, it was encouraging to learn that several schemes to assist people with disabilities are being implemented. Local governments were responsive to disability even during disasters such as floods and the COVID-19 pandemic, but more planned approaches should be spearheaded. The vision for the future is targeted at achieving, among other goals, independent living for PwD.
{"title":"Disability Empowerment in Kerala: A Status Analysis and Vision for the Future","authors":"S. Kunnath, V. George, K. G. S. Kumar, A. Babu","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221150482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221150482","url":null,"abstract":"The opportunity to live and take part in community life is a basic human right, and persons with disabilities (PwD) often need additional care and support to achieve this. This becomes a real challenge in a developing society. The goal of this research is to create a vision for the empowerment of people with disabilities and to pave the way for their independent living in a developing society. The study used a mixed design method. Analyzing data from various government reports resulted in a status analysis of disability in the state of Kerala, India. The study found that the gaps identified in the disability sector in Kerala were primarily in the areas of the availability of sustainable model programs, innovations, research, education, skill development, and employment coupled with an inadequate ecosystem for the implementation of projects and schemes. A qualitative study design was adopted. The participants were selected using the expert analysis technique of purposeful sampling and data was collected using an interview guide. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and are presented in a descriptive format. Despite the fact that the data in several government agencies are incomplete, it was encouraging to learn that several schemes to assist people with disabilities are being implemented. Local governments were responsive to disability even during disasters such as floods and the COVID-19 pandemic, but more planned approaches should be spearheaded. The vision for the future is targeted at achieving, among other goals, independent living for PwD.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46307641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221148519
G. K. Kieh
Corruption is a major enduring feature of the political economies of the states in the Global South. It finds expression in various illegal and unethical practices, including bribery, extortion, embezzlement, and fraudulent procurement schemes, perpetrated particularly by public officials occupying various positions in the branches of government and the constituent agencies. Two of the major emergent issues are: (a) What are the major causes of corruption in the Global South? and (b) What are the modalities for addressing the scourge of corruption? The corpus of scholarly literature that has emerged to address these two interlocking questions has focused on the causal factors of corruption, such as elite pathologies and institutional weaknesses, and on legal and institutional reforms as major remedies. In this article, the major contention is that the extant scholarly literature has neglected the peripheral state as a major motor force for corruption in the Global South. This article examines the role of the peripheral state in the Global South in the perpetration of corruption and suggests its democratic reconstitution as the major panacea.
{"title":"The Peripheral State and Corruption in The Global South","authors":"G. K. Kieh","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221148519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221148519","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption is a major enduring feature of the political economies of the states in the Global South. It finds expression in various illegal and unethical practices, including bribery, extortion, embezzlement, and fraudulent procurement schemes, perpetrated particularly by public officials occupying various positions in the branches of government and the constituent agencies. Two of the major emergent issues are: (a) What are the major causes of corruption in the Global South? and (b) What are the modalities for addressing the scourge of corruption? The corpus of scholarly literature that has emerged to address these two interlocking questions has focused on the causal factors of corruption, such as elite pathologies and institutional weaknesses, and on legal and institutional reforms as major remedies. In this article, the major contention is that the extant scholarly literature has neglected the peripheral state as a major motor force for corruption in the Global South. This article examines the role of the peripheral state in the Global South in the perpetration of corruption and suggests its democratic reconstitution as the major panacea.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221148503
Jyotirmaya Tripathy
The recent boom in critical literature engaging with the development/masculinity nexus in contemporary India requires unpacking and further critique, not to over-emphasize the need for a grounded understanding of that dyad. India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi are brought to conversation over their developmental thought vis-à-vis their masculinities and the way they reflected and guided people’s desire for development. While doing so, the article interrogates the tendency to see political leaders as the protagonists of change while ignoring their simultaneous production within the social discourses of their times. In the process it corrects the assumption that leaders like Nehru and Modi contained within them singular and coherent versions of what they believed development to be and proposes that far from being stable carriers of their developmental thought, they betrayed contradictions within and such spillages defined their developmental character.
{"title":"The Developmental Desire: The Crucible of Masculinity, from Nehru to Modi","authors":"Jyotirmaya Tripathy","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221148503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221148503","url":null,"abstract":"The recent boom in critical literature engaging with the development/masculinity nexus in contemporary India requires unpacking and further critique, not to over-emphasize the need for a grounded understanding of that dyad. India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi are brought to conversation over their developmental thought vis-à-vis their masculinities and the way they reflected and guided people’s desire for development. While doing so, the article interrogates the tendency to see political leaders as the protagonists of change while ignoring their simultaneous production within the social discourses of their times. In the process it corrects the assumption that leaders like Nehru and Modi contained within them singular and coherent versions of what they believed development to be and proposes that far from being stable carriers of their developmental thought, they betrayed contradictions within and such spillages defined their developmental character.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1177/0169796x221143438
Ronn F. Pineo, C. Shaver, Kelcie Creel, Chelsea Pritchard
This essay offers a summary of the impact of COVID-19 and efficacy of the responses in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a particular focus on Perú, México, and Cuba. Because so much has already been written on COVID-19, the goal of this article is to move beyond what has already been said, providing a briefing on what has been most unusual and counter-intuitive regarding the pandemic in the region. Focusing on Perú, México, and Cuba allows the spotlighting of several critical issues. Cuba, with a model public health care system and successful bio-tech sector, was largely spared the first wave of the pandemic, only to be severely affected by the Omicron variants. Perú and México have suffered during the pandemic the very worst excess mortality rates in the world. This essay explores these matters, explaining how a lethal confluence of negative forces came together with deadly consequences for the people of Latin America and the Caribbean.
{"title":"COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean with a Special Focus on Perú, México, and Cuba","authors":"Ronn F. Pineo, C. Shaver, Kelcie Creel, Chelsea Pritchard","doi":"10.1177/0169796x221143438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796x221143438","url":null,"abstract":"This essay offers a summary of the impact of COVID-19 and efficacy of the responses in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a particular focus on Perú, México, and Cuba. Because so much has already been written on COVID-19, the goal of this article is to move beyond what has already been said, providing a briefing on what has been most unusual and counter-intuitive regarding the pandemic in the region. Focusing on Perú, México, and Cuba allows the spotlighting of several critical issues. Cuba, with a model public health care system and successful bio-tech sector, was largely spared the first wave of the pandemic, only to be severely affected by the Omicron variants. Perú and México have suffered during the pandemic the very worst excess mortality rates in the world. This essay explores these matters, explaining how a lethal confluence of negative forces came together with deadly consequences for the people of Latin America and the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221148509
Sergiu Gherghina, Clara Volintiru
The literature on clientelism covers the extent to which public budgets are politicized relative to specific groups of supporters. However, we know little about what drives the discretionary transfers from central to local governments. This article addresses this research gap and analyses the causes for such allocations in two East European countries: Hungary and Romania. The analysis draws on an original dataset that includes the transfers from central to local budgets in 2019 and the political affiliation of local governments. Our findings illustrate that the degree of decentralization and the electoral system can explain this type of clientelism.
{"title":"Budgetary Clientelism and Decentralization in Hungary and Romania","authors":"Sergiu Gherghina, Clara Volintiru","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221148509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221148509","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on clientelism covers the extent to which public budgets are politicized relative to specific groups of supporters. However, we know little about what drives the discretionary transfers from central to local governments. This article addresses this research gap and analyses the causes for such allocations in two East European countries: Hungary and Romania. The analysis draws on an original dataset that includes the transfers from central to local budgets in 2019 and the political affiliation of local governments. Our findings illustrate that the degree of decentralization and the electoral system can explain this type of clientelism.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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