Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231209119
Randy Seepersad, Corin Bailey, Lina Marmolejo
Previous studies used the strain, rational choice, or routine activities approach to explain changes in crime levels after the COVID-19 pandemic. Observed changes have not always been consistent with predictions made by these theoretical approaches. This study uses a social solidarity approach which can be used to better explain observed changes. It is argued that national disasters, such as pandemics, can result in an increase in social solidarity which can have a suppressive effect on crime. Official crime data from Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica are used to explore this hypothesis. The results from auto-regressive integrated moving average modeling show that there was a decline in crime in Trinidad and Tobago but not in Jamaica after COVID-19 restrictions. The study argues that social solidarity may have increased in Trinidad and Tobago, but not in Jamaica, accounting for the observed differences.
{"title":"Social Solidarity and Crime: The COVID-19 Effect in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"Randy Seepersad, Corin Bailey, Lina Marmolejo","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231209119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231209119","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies used the strain, rational choice, or routine activities approach to explain changes in crime levels after the COVID-19 pandemic. Observed changes have not always been consistent with predictions made by these theoretical approaches. This study uses a social solidarity approach which can be used to better explain observed changes. It is argued that national disasters, such as pandemics, can result in an increase in social solidarity which can have a suppressive effect on crime. Official crime data from Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica are used to explore this hypothesis. The results from auto-regressive integrated moving average modeling show that there was a decline in crime in Trinidad and Tobago but not in Jamaica after COVID-19 restrictions. The study argues that social solidarity may have increased in Trinidad and Tobago, but not in Jamaica, accounting for the observed differences.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231209114
Bishnu Ragoonath
In January 2020, several governments in the English-speaking Caribbean not only started sensitizing their populations about the novel coronavirus but triggered various public health provisions that would allow the state to better manage the disease once it arrives within the respective countries. With the confirmation of the first cases, some national governmental systems were primed to act. Central governments across the region announced various policies and strategies, such as the closing of borders and schools as well as lockdowns as was necessary to mitigate the spread of the virus. But whilst attention was focused on what the central government was doing, very little attention was paid to local government activities that supported the central government’s policies. Local governments scaled-up the policies as enunciated by the central government, to ensure a wider geographical reach as well as a more intensive implementation process. Scaling-up also allowed for some expansion beyond the national policies to effect a program to mitigate the spread of the virus. Using examples from across the region, the article appraises the role of local governments in the quest to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Scaling-up Activities to Mitigate Against the Spread of the COVID-19 Virus: Appreciating the Role of Local Government Authorities in the Caribbean","authors":"Bishnu Ragoonath","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231209114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231209114","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2020, several governments in the English-speaking Caribbean not only started sensitizing their populations about the novel coronavirus but triggered various public health provisions that would allow the state to better manage the disease once it arrives within the respective countries. With the confirmation of the first cases, some national governmental systems were primed to act. Central governments across the region announced various policies and strategies, such as the closing of borders and schools as well as lockdowns as was necessary to mitigate the spread of the virus. But whilst attention was focused on what the central government was doing, very little attention was paid to local government activities that supported the central government’s policies. Local governments scaled-up the policies as enunciated by the central government, to ensure a wider geographical reach as well as a more intensive implementation process. Scaling-up also allowed for some expansion beyond the national policies to effect a program to mitigate the spread of the virus. Using examples from across the region, the article appraises the role of local governments in the quest to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231209099
Sherian Bachan, Michał Pawiński
This article examines the response of the Caribbean Public Health Agency and the government of Trinidad and Tobago against the Zika and COVID-19 outbreaks. These contrasting diseases were chosen to examine the surveillance systems and responses and the preventative public health measures that were implemented to protect the population. Health experts were interviewed and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the Caribbean Public Health Agency and the government of Trinidad and Tobago were prepared to respond to the Zika outbreak. However, there is much to be improved in the case of COVID-19. Concrete policy recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"Assessing the Health Security Responsiveness of the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago: The Zika and COVID-19 Outbreaks","authors":"Sherian Bachan, Michał Pawiński","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231209099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231209099","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the response of the Caribbean Public Health Agency and the government of Trinidad and Tobago against the Zika and COVID-19 outbreaks. These contrasting diseases were chosen to examine the surveillance systems and responses and the preventative public health measures that were implemented to protect the population. Health experts were interviewed and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the Caribbean Public Health Agency and the government of Trinidad and Tobago were prepared to respond to the Zika outbreak. However, there is much to be improved in the case of COVID-19. Concrete policy recommendations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231183893
Md Mizanur Rahman
This article analyses overall NGO accountability and accountability to beneficiaries in particular. It is based on the collection of qualitative data from four NGOs in Bangladesh. The participation of beneficiaries has been disaggregated into three phases for more analytical discussion: decision-making, implementation, and evaluation. The study results reveal that the participation of beneficiaries is much higher in the project/program implementation phase. The condition is alarming for the decision-making and evaluation phase, where participation is more rhetoric and sham rituals than the actual exercise. The study also identified some formal and informal mechanisms of participation.
{"title":"Downward Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Investigation","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231183893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231183893","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses overall NGO accountability and accountability to beneficiaries in particular. It is based on the collection of qualitative data from four NGOs in Bangladesh. The participation of beneficiaries has been disaggregated into three phases for more analytical discussion: decision-making, implementation, and evaluation. The study results reveal that the participation of beneficiaries is much higher in the project/program implementation phase. The condition is alarming for the decision-making and evaluation phase, where participation is more rhetoric and sham rituals than the actual exercise. The study also identified some formal and informal mechanisms of participation.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42319063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231186057
Sooho Lee, C. Fonseca, Cameron Bess
Over the last two decades, international research collaborations have been growing significantly; however, it is unclear whether scientists in developing countries engage in collaboration with the same expectation as their counterparts in more developed countries. Using survey data of the USAID Partnership for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) Program, this study found that North–South collaboration is a very productive experience for both types of scientists; however, scientists in developing countries perceive positive impact and benefits significantly more than their North partners. There are also significant differences in collaboration motivations, research environment, collaborative network development, and use of research results.
{"title":"How Scientists from Developing and Developed Countries View International Research Collaboration: A Case Study of the USAID PEER Program","authors":"Sooho Lee, C. Fonseca, Cameron Bess","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231186057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231186057","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, international research collaborations have been growing significantly; however, it is unclear whether scientists in developing countries engage in collaboration with the same expectation as their counterparts in more developed countries. Using survey data of the USAID Partnership for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) Program, this study found that North–South collaboration is a very productive experience for both types of scientists; however, scientists in developing countries perceive positive impact and benefits significantly more than their North partners. There are also significant differences in collaboration motivations, research environment, collaborative network development, and use of research results.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1177/0169796x231186056
Chao Wang, N. Lassi
The production and distribution of narcotics in many states in South and Southeast Asia present significant challenges for China. Several of these states receive foreign investments and assistance through China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including a division of the BRI called the Health Silk Road (HSR). China has an opportunity to motivate these states to strengthen their narcotics control measures by adding conditionality clauses in the BRI/HSR investment agreements with these states. The suggested clauses could mandate measures such as improving drug enforcement, decommissioning production sites and distributors, increasing harm reduction and rehabilitation services, and establishing citizen complaint systems for narcotics issues. To ensure compliance, disincentives should be activated for states failing to meet narcotics control conditions.
{"title":"Incentivizing Narcotics Control Through China’s Belt and Road Initiative in South and Southeast Asia","authors":"Chao Wang, N. Lassi","doi":"10.1177/0169796x231186056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796x231186056","url":null,"abstract":"The production and distribution of narcotics in many states in South and Southeast Asia present significant challenges for China. Several of these states receive foreign investments and assistance through China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including a division of the BRI called the Health Silk Road (HSR). China has an opportunity to motivate these states to strengthen their narcotics control measures by adding conditionality clauses in the BRI/HSR investment agreements with these states. The suggested clauses could mandate measures such as improving drug enforcement, decommissioning production sites and distributors, increasing harm reduction and rehabilitation services, and establishing citizen complaint systems for narcotics issues. To ensure compliance, disincentives should be activated for states failing to meet narcotics control conditions.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49444240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231179404
Islam Jusufi
The article aims to study the actions of the network of elite members of a society in diverting financial flows. It is about the way the judiciary elite of a postcommunist and transitional society of Albania has practiced corruption. Prior and during the vetting or reevaluation process of the judges and prosecutors for integrity, ethics, and competence launched in 2017, it has uncovered the scale and luxury involved in the corruptive practices of judges and prosecutors. More than half of reevaluated judges and prosecutors have been dismissed due to past corruptive behavior. The vetting process has shown that over the last three decades of the transition history of Albania, a particular corruption scheme has emerged, catering to the needs of the corrupt judges and prosecutors. Based on fieldwork, this article examines the stories of the corruptive practices by judges and prosecutors of Albania. The article examines the complex mix of legal and illegal dynamics that were combined to produce defiance regime for the corruption within the judiciary of Albania. The article aims to conceptualize how this corruption regime was constructed and maintained. It also examines how interventions undertaken in fighting the corruption failed to deal with the defiance phenomenon within the Albanian judiciary.
{"title":"The Nexus of Judiciary Power and Corruption in Albania: Strategies of Defiance and Evasions","authors":"Islam Jusufi","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231179404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231179404","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to study the actions of the network of elite members of a society in diverting financial flows. It is about the way the judiciary elite of a postcommunist and transitional society of Albania has practiced corruption. Prior and during the vetting or reevaluation process of the judges and prosecutors for integrity, ethics, and competence launched in 2017, it has uncovered the scale and luxury involved in the corruptive practices of judges and prosecutors. More than half of reevaluated judges and prosecutors have been dismissed due to past corruptive behavior. The vetting process has shown that over the last three decades of the transition history of Albania, a particular corruption scheme has emerged, catering to the needs of the corrupt judges and prosecutors. Based on fieldwork, this article examines the stories of the corruptive practices by judges and prosecutors of Albania. The article examines the complex mix of legal and illegal dynamics that were combined to produce defiance regime for the corruption within the judiciary of Albania. The article aims to conceptualize how this corruption regime was constructed and maintained. It also examines how interventions undertaken in fighting the corruption failed to deal with the defiance phenomenon within the Albanian judiciary.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1177/09734082231182309
Komla Amega
Remittances remain a vital financial inflow into the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Many studies have outlined its role in indicators such as health, education, poverty reduction, economic growth, financial development, among others. This stimulates the need to harness the benefits associated with this financial inflow. The study proposes an idea to utilize remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa and advances recommendations to augment existing initiatives. A descriptive approach was used. The study recommends the creation of a health account to encourage savings purposely for the healthcare financing of remittance recipients in SSA. It further outlines processes via which such an account could work and the prospective benefits be reaped.
{"title":"Harnessing the Benefits of Remittances via a Health Account","authors":"Komla Amega","doi":"10.1177/09734082231182309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09734082231182309","url":null,"abstract":"Remittances remain a vital financial inflow into the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Many studies have outlined its role in indicators such as health, education, poverty reduction, economic growth, financial development, among others. This stimulates the need to harness the benefits associated with this financial inflow. The study proposes an idea to utilize remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa and advances recommendations to augment existing initiatives. A descriptive approach was used. The study recommends the creation of a health account to encourage savings purposely for the healthcare financing of remittance recipients in SSA. It further outlines processes via which such an account could work and the prospective benefits be reaped.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43949516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231178568
Yanik G. Harnois, Stephane Gagnon
As some countries are increasingly locked in a state of incurable corruption, while most political elites escape lavishly any prosecution, there is a growing concern that global governance is overlooking the crimes committed by some leaders who are “killing a country and getting away with it.” This phenomenon of state capture coincides increasingly with countries heavily dependent on international development aid. It also coincides within cultures where neopatrimonialism is allowed to flourish as opposed to more modern public administration standards. Inspired by a post-colonial and broader critical perspective, but with a practice-oriented focus, this article reviews the literature related to project management methods and how they can help uncover and prevent corruption. A review of governance regimes leads to a set of models to help better contextualize development aid management and identify how evidence-gathering can be enhanced to ensure that maximum sanctions are taken against corrupt political elite.
{"title":"Killing a Country and Getting Away with It: Neopatrimonialism and Incurable Corruption by Political Elites Linked to International Development Aid","authors":"Yanik G. Harnois, Stephane Gagnon","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231178568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231178568","url":null,"abstract":"As some countries are increasingly locked in a state of incurable corruption, while most political elites escape lavishly any prosecution, there is a growing concern that global governance is overlooking the crimes committed by some leaders who are “killing a country and getting away with it.” This phenomenon of state capture coincides increasingly with countries heavily dependent on international development aid. It also coincides within cultures where neopatrimonialism is allowed to flourish as opposed to more modern public administration standards. Inspired by a post-colonial and broader critical perspective, but with a practice-oriented focus, this article reviews the literature related to project management methods and how they can help uncover and prevent corruption. A review of governance regimes leads to a set of models to help better contextualize development aid management and identify how evidence-gathering can be enhanced to ensure that maximum sanctions are taken against corrupt political elite.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48345174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1177/0169796X231165144
Queen Modestus
China’s diplomatic discourse is complicated and is heavily flavored with Chinese characteristics, especially since one of the core goals of Chinese foreign policy under President Xi Jinping is to properly tell the story of China. This cannot be done properly without the correct translation and interpretation of the key ideas and concepts used in contemporary Chinese diplomatic discourse. One of the best examples is the concept of Yi. It is not enough to translate such words in a literal manner from Chinese into English or any other language. They must be translated and interpreted so that they convey the correct political, economic and cultural meaning. This article demonstrates how important it is to properly translate and interpret the concept of Yi as a guiding principle of Chinese foreign policy in Africa.
{"title":"Yi is a Guiding Principle of China’s Foreign Policy in Africa","authors":"Queen Modestus","doi":"10.1177/0169796X231165144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231165144","url":null,"abstract":"China’s diplomatic discourse is complicated and is heavily flavored with Chinese characteristics, especially since one of the core goals of Chinese foreign policy under President Xi Jinping is to properly tell the story of China. This cannot be done properly without the correct translation and interpretation of the key ideas and concepts used in contemporary Chinese diplomatic discourse. One of the best examples is the concept of Yi. It is not enough to translate such words in a literal manner from Chinese into English or any other language. They must be translated and interpreted so that they convey the correct political, economic and cultural meaning. This article demonstrates how important it is to properly translate and interpret the concept of Yi as a guiding principle of Chinese foreign policy in Africa.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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