Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221125269
A. Zegeye
This special issue of JDS provides several critical perspectives on the federal Constitution, the state, and contemporary politics of Ethiopia. All the contributors agree that Ethiopia’s federal system promotes ethnic conflict rather than fostering an Ethiopian identity and national unity. The federal Constitution establishes a legal foundation for secession and in effect the possible disintegration of the federal state and the country’s multi-ethnic political system. The current political actors, their ideology, and the prevailing political conditions in the country are leading the country down the path to a failed state. A fundamental issue in Ethiopian politics today is the prevailing ideology of revolutionary democracy, which has led its political actors to pursue policies and practices that aggravate the country’s ethnic conflicts, weaken its national unity, and accentuate the contradictions in its flawed federal system of government.
{"title":"Revolutionary Democracy: A Terminus or Way Station for Ethiopia?","authors":"A. Zegeye","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221125269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221125269","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of JDS provides several critical perspectives on the federal Constitution, the state, and contemporary politics of Ethiopia. All the contributors agree that Ethiopia’s federal system promotes ethnic conflict rather than fostering an Ethiopian identity and national unity. The federal Constitution establishes a legal foundation for secession and in effect the possible disintegration of the federal state and the country’s multi-ethnic political system. The current political actors, their ideology, and the prevailing political conditions in the country are leading the country down the path to a failed state. A fundamental issue in Ethiopian politics today is the prevailing ideology of revolutionary democracy, which has led its political actors to pursue policies and practices that aggravate the country’s ethnic conflicts, weaken its national unity, and accentuate the contradictions in its flawed federal system of government.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48719665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221129697
A. Zegeye, Brightman Gebremichael Ganta
This preface provides a brief introduction to this special issue on contemporary Ethiopia. It highlights the role played by land, ethnicity, federalism, and political ideology in the constitutional development and politics of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian state with its ethnic federation of different ethno-linguistic regions is contextualized. The preface concludes by proposing the thesis that the current constitution of Ethiopia does not contribute to the continuation of Ethiopia as an integrated nation-state; rather it contributes to a loose collection of semi-autonomous warring ethnic regions.
{"title":"Preface to Special Issue on Ethiopia: Beyond Ethnic Federalism and the Statehood Solution","authors":"A. Zegeye, Brightman Gebremichael Ganta","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221129697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221129697","url":null,"abstract":"This preface provides a brief introduction to this special issue on contemporary Ethiopia. It highlights the role played by land, ethnicity, federalism, and political ideology in the constitutional development and politics of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian state with its ethnic federation of different ethno-linguistic regions is contextualized. The preface concludes by proposing the thesis that the current constitution of Ethiopia does not contribute to the continuation of Ethiopia as an integrated nation-state; rather it contributes to a loose collection of semi-autonomous warring ethnic regions.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42505644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221130533
Brightman Gebremichael Ganta
The land rights question has always been at the center of the political–economic history of Ethiopia as a modern state. It serves as a means of political control and/or a cause for/of political struggle. The adoption of “ethnic-based” federalism in post-1991 Ethiopia further introduces the federal state power competition over land matters and contributes a distinct and divergent way of perceiving the relationship between the state and people’s ownership of land as adopted in the 1995 federal Constitution. The Constitution establishes the Central government as a unifying force to create a single politico-economic community and federating states on an ethnic basis to ensure self-rule and accommodate diversities. Accordingly, the Constitution provides the Central government with the power to determine land utilization and protection while empowering the states to administer the same. However, the reality is that this constitutional foundation is ignored at every level of government. A general misunderstanding of the nature of land ownership and the division of power between the various levels of government contribute to bypassing the Constitution requirements. This has, in effect, contributed to the eviction of individuals and communities from another sister state by claiming that “land belongs to the state and people of the regional state,” thus resulting in the tension and conflict between federal and state governments.
{"title":"Federalism and Land Rights in the Context of Post-1991 Ethiopia","authors":"Brightman Gebremichael Ganta","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221130533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221130533","url":null,"abstract":"The land rights question has always been at the center of the political–economic history of Ethiopia as a modern state. It serves as a means of political control and/or a cause for/of political struggle. The adoption of “ethnic-based” federalism in post-1991 Ethiopia further introduces the federal state power competition over land matters and contributes a distinct and divergent way of perceiving the relationship between the state and people’s ownership of land as adopted in the 1995 federal Constitution. The Constitution establishes the Central government as a unifying force to create a single politico-economic community and federating states on an ethnic basis to ensure self-rule and accommodate diversities. Accordingly, the Constitution provides the Central government with the power to determine land utilization and protection while empowering the states to administer the same. However, the reality is that this constitutional foundation is ignored at every level of government. A general misunderstanding of the nature of land ownership and the division of power between the various levels of government contribute to bypassing the Constitution requirements. This has, in effect, contributed to the eviction of individuals and communities from another sister state by claiming that “land belongs to the state and people of the regional state,” thus resulting in the tension and conflict between federal and state governments.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45239374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221124419
Sibuh Gebeyaw Tareke
The Ethiopian Constitution currently in use was introduced in 1995. It has facilitated the country’s transformation from the Derg military regime to a decentralized democratic federal state that accommodates multi-ethnic diversity and institutionalizes ethnic identity. However, the de facto ethnic federal system is a mixture of socialist and democratic federalism. This federal experiment has faced enormous challenges, including problems of legitimacy, weak democratization, political instability, secession, and violent conflict between different ethnic groups. These problems have led to the internal displacement of people and the death of a large number of innocent citizens. This article assesses the prevailing mixture of democratic and socialist federalism in the context of the contemporary Ethiopian political milieu, particularly the challenges and impacts.
{"title":"Democratic Versus Socialist Multicultural Federalism: The Dilemma of Ethiopian Federalism","authors":"Sibuh Gebeyaw Tareke","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221124419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221124419","url":null,"abstract":"The Ethiopian Constitution currently in use was introduced in 1995. It has facilitated the country’s transformation from the Derg military regime to a decentralized democratic federal state that accommodates multi-ethnic diversity and institutionalizes ethnic identity. However, the de facto ethnic federal system is a mixture of socialist and democratic federalism. This federal experiment has faced enormous challenges, including problems of legitimacy, weak democratization, political instability, secession, and violent conflict between different ethnic groups. These problems have led to the internal displacement of people and the death of a large number of innocent citizens. This article assesses the prevailing mixture of democratic and socialist federalism in the context of the contemporary Ethiopian political milieu, particularly the challenges and impacts.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221125515
Adeno Addis
A constitution is an expression of a political community’s desire to establish a mode of politics for collective life. The normative underpinning of a well-designed and well-structured constitutional order is, therefore, an integrative process of association. Constitutions are meant to forge and develop a political community that enables members to see each other as co-participants in a common project. The Ethiopian Constitution seems to have adopted a model of dissociation rather than one of integrative association. Rather than bringing people together, the Constitution has set them apart. Through close examination of various provisions of the Constitution—from the preamble to the amendment process—this article shows that the Constitution has managed to fragment a people into “peoples”, a nation into “nations”, and in the process transformed neighbors into strangers who often see one another as mortal threats rather than as co-participants in a common project. In the guise of decentralizing power, the Constitution has, in fact, fundamentalized differences. Such an environment will not lend itself either to democratic governance or durable peace.
{"title":"The Making of Strangers: Reflections on the Ethiopian Constitution","authors":"Adeno Addis","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221125515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221125515","url":null,"abstract":"A constitution is an expression of a political community’s desire to establish a mode of politics for collective life. The normative underpinning of a well-designed and well-structured constitutional order is, therefore, an integrative process of association. Constitutions are meant to forge and develop a political community that enables members to see each other as co-participants in a common project. The Ethiopian Constitution seems to have adopted a model of dissociation rather than one of integrative association. Rather than bringing people together, the Constitution has set them apart. Through close examination of various provisions of the Constitution—from the preamble to the amendment process—this article shows that the Constitution has managed to fragment a people into “peoples”, a nation into “nations”, and in the process transformed neighbors into strangers who often see one another as mortal threats rather than as co-participants in a common project. In the guise of decentralizing power, the Constitution has, in fact, fundamentalized differences. Such an environment will not lend itself either to democratic governance or durable peace.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43780286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1177/0169796x221107954
A. Hira, H. Pacini
{"title":"Reducing Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution in the Global South: Lessons from the SMEP Program","authors":"A. Hira, H. Pacini","doi":"10.1177/0169796x221107954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796x221107954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221107217
A. Hira, H. Pacini, A. S. Pereira, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, A. Rashid, Faith Gara, Keru Munene
As the Global South shifts towards increased manufacturing, the negative effects on climate change and environmental pollution raise serious concerns. These global effects are increasingly felt locally, as reflected in health surveys throughout the Global South. The world cannot afford to wait for a natural development process to take place in which rising incomes might curb pollution. This article examines the challenges of reforming manufacturing in the Global South towards more sustainable practices. It also focuses on the lessons of the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution Program (SMEP) which has funded a series of environmental improvement projects across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia aimed at reducing pollution in the manufacturing process. The lessons learned from these projects include the need to improve the tracking of the negative effects of the environmental damages caused by manufacturing and analyze the manufacturing supply chain processes to better identify potential points of intervention; as well as the need for more external financial and technical resources to expand these projects.
{"title":"Shifting to Circular Manufacturing in the Global South: Challenges and Pathways","authors":"A. Hira, H. Pacini, A. S. Pereira, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, A. Rashid, Faith Gara, Keru Munene","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221107217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221107217","url":null,"abstract":"As the Global South shifts towards increased manufacturing, the negative effects on climate change and environmental pollution raise serious concerns. These global effects are increasingly felt locally, as reflected in health surveys throughout the Global South. The world cannot afford to wait for a natural development process to take place in which rising incomes might curb pollution. This article examines the challenges of reforming manufacturing in the Global South towards more sustainable practices. It also focuses on the lessons of the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution Program (SMEP) which has funded a series of environmental improvement projects across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia aimed at reducing pollution in the manufacturing process. The lessons learned from these projects include the need to improve the tracking of the negative effects of the environmental damages caused by manufacturing and analyze the manufacturing supply chain processes to better identify potential points of intervention; as well as the need for more external financial and technical resources to expand these projects.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44226856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221104855
A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, David Vivas-Eugui, M. Saltzberg, Tze Ni Yeoh
Global plastics waste is an issue of ever-increasing urgency. Estimates suggest some 79% of plastic waste is dumped into the environment, where it is likely to have devastating effects on ecosystems and human health. Marine plastic pollution is a particularly challenging issue, as plastics take decades to break down, and do so into micro- and nanoparticles that affect marine ecosystems and the food web. The plastics pollution problem is magnified in the Global South, where rising production and consumption coexist with underdeveloped waste treatment systems and large volumes of imported plastic waste. This article examines the reasons for the failure to curb plastic waste in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA), target regions of the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program funded to address such issues. The article examines the challenges in shifting manufacturing processes and natural materials substitution for reducing plastics waste. It recommends greater external financial and technical support for waste treatment, stakeholder consensus and awareness-building, regulatory policies that reduce the price and convenience differentials between plastics and substitute materials, and a push towards enforcement of environmental regulations.
{"title":"Plastic Waste Mitigation Strategies: A Review of Lessons from Developing Countries","authors":"A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, David Vivas-Eugui, M. Saltzberg, Tze Ni Yeoh","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221104855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221104855","url":null,"abstract":"Global plastics waste is an issue of ever-increasing urgency. Estimates suggest some 79% of plastic waste is dumped into the environment, where it is likely to have devastating effects on ecosystems and human health. Marine plastic pollution is a particularly challenging issue, as plastics take decades to break down, and do so into micro- and nanoparticles that affect marine ecosystems and the food web. The plastics pollution problem is magnified in the Global South, where rising production and consumption coexist with underdeveloped waste treatment systems and large volumes of imported plastic waste. This article examines the reasons for the failure to curb plastic waste in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA), target regions of the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program funded to address such issues. The article examines the challenges in shifting manufacturing processes and natural materials substitution for reducing plastics waste. It recommends greater external financial and technical support for waste treatment, stakeholder consensus and awareness-building, regulatory policies that reduce the price and convenience differentials between plastics and substitute materials, and a push towards enforcement of environmental regulations.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221106013
A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, J. Hassall
The circular economy (CE) is a topic of growing interest, spurred by climate change and increasing recognition of the considerable costs of energy and materials waste, that reflect increasing stress on global environmental systems. Those costs range from physical landfill expenses to effects on human and natural world health. While there are a growing number of articles about the CE, there remains a great deal of ambiguity around pathways to implement it, and even fewer practical examples. Lieder and Rashid (2016) conclude in their overarching examination of CE research that while it is broad and multidisciplinary it is also fragmented, highly granular, and “rarely touching implementation.” In this article, we review recent efforts to identify models for scaling up circular economy practices in specific sectors of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia economies, based on information produced by the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program. The SMEP program has been established by the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and is being implemented in partnership with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). SMEP seeks to reduce pollution in manufacturing in the Global South. After a brief discussion of the CE concept, this article focuses on the innovative features of the SMEP program, its preliminary findings and lessons for the transition to circularity.
{"title":"Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution Programme (SMEP): A Circular Economy Experiment in the Global South","authors":"A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, J. Hassall","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221106013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221106013","url":null,"abstract":"The circular economy (CE) is a topic of growing interest, spurred by climate change and increasing recognition of the considerable costs of energy and materials waste, that reflect increasing stress on global environmental systems. Those costs range from physical landfill expenses to effects on human and natural world health. While there are a growing number of articles about the CE, there remains a great deal of ambiguity around pathways to implement it, and even fewer practical examples. Lieder and Rashid (2016) conclude in their overarching examination of CE research that while it is broad and multidisciplinary it is also fragmented, highly granular, and “rarely touching implementation.” In this article, we review recent efforts to identify models for scaling up circular economy practices in specific sectors of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia economies, based on information produced by the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program. The SMEP program has been established by the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and is being implemented in partnership with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). SMEP seeks to reduce pollution in manufacturing in the Global South. After a brief discussion of the CE concept, this article focuses on the innovative features of the SMEP program, its preliminary findings and lessons for the transition to circularity.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42087656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1177/0169796X221104856
A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, M. Sikander, R. Oruko, Amanda Dinan
The global leather market is worth more than $270 billion annually, and provides an important and accessible source of manufacturing exports for countries in the Global South. Leather is the source for a range of apparel items, including handbags, belts, shoes, wallets, gloves, and various other products, such as furniture, car seats, and luggage. Behind all leather goods is the tannery industry, with much of the raw materials processing located in the Global South (Lund-Thomsen, 2009, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 90, p. 57). Unlike most synthetic fibers, which are derived from plastics and associated with the petrochemical industry, leather has the potential for a comparatively lighter footprint because it is based on natural and renewable materials not associated with the carbon emissions of fossil fuels. However, leather has suffered from various concerns, including animal rights and toxic effluents. It is ranked as the fourth most dangerous global industry to human health, with many tanneries in the Global South lacking basic protection for the workers and leaching toxic chromium into rivers (Green Cross and Pure Earth, 2016, World’s worst pollution problems: The toxics beneath our feet). This article explores the prospects for reducing the environmental footprint of tanneries in the Global South, focusing on the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program, a series of projects in South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that explore ways to reduce manufacturing pollution. The article lays out a series of technical and managerial interventions that would vastly reduce the negative impacts on human health and the natural environment.
{"title":"Mitigating Tannery Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia","authors":"A. Hira, H. Pacini, Kweku Attafuah-Wadee, M. Sikander, R. Oruko, Amanda Dinan","doi":"10.1177/0169796X221104856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X221104856","url":null,"abstract":"The global leather market is worth more than $270 billion annually, and provides an important and accessible source of manufacturing exports for countries in the Global South. Leather is the source for a range of apparel items, including handbags, belts, shoes, wallets, gloves, and various other products, such as furniture, car seats, and luggage. Behind all leather goods is the tannery industry, with much of the raw materials processing located in the Global South (Lund-Thomsen, 2009, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 90, p. 57). Unlike most synthetic fibers, which are derived from plastics and associated with the petrochemical industry, leather has the potential for a comparatively lighter footprint because it is based on natural and renewable materials not associated with the carbon emissions of fossil fuels. However, leather has suffered from various concerns, including animal rights and toxic effluents. It is ranked as the fourth most dangerous global industry to human health, with many tanneries in the Global South lacking basic protection for the workers and leaching toxic chromium into rivers (Green Cross and Pure Earth, 2016, World’s worst pollution problems: The toxics beneath our feet). This article explores the prospects for reducing the environmental footprint of tanneries in the Global South, focusing on the Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution (SMEP) program, a series of projects in South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that explore ways to reduce manufacturing pollution. The article lays out a series of technical and managerial interventions that would vastly reduce the negative impacts on human health and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":45003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44062547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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