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Immediate Learning Benefits of Retrieval Tasks 检索任务的即时学习效益
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000280
Tino Endres, Veit Kubik, Kenneth Koslowski, Florian Hahne, A. Renkl
Abstract: We investigated immediate learning benefits of retrieval tasks when followed by a self-regulated relearning opportunity, compared to a restudy task. We aimed to unravel the underlying metacognitive and motivational mechanisms. In a mixed-factorial design ( N = 104), we manipulated review task (retrieval vs. restudy) as a within-subjects factor in two experimental sessions, and task granularity (coarse- vs. fine-grained) as a between-subjects factor. The retrieval task led to an immediate learning benefit compared to a restudy task in Session 1, but not across sessions. The review-task order influenced the emergence of an immediate retrieval-practice effect. Mediation analyses for Session 1 revealed that decreased levels of both judgments of learning (JOL) and self-efficacy partially mediated the retrieval-task effect on the learning outcome. Fine-grained tasks increased JOL regulation accuracy; however, this increase did not translate into better relearning. Retrieval tasks can improve learning outcomes, also after short delays, specifically when relearning opportunities are provided.
摘要:本研究考察了检索任务与再学习任务之间的即时学习效益。我们旨在揭示潜在的元认知和动机机制。在混合因子设计(N = 104)中,我们在两个实验阶段中将复习任务(检索vs.再研究)作为受试者内因素,将任务粒度(粗粒度vs.细粒度)作为受试者间因素。与第1阶段的再学习任务相比,检索任务带来了立竿见影的学习效果,但在不同阶段则没有。复习-任务顺序影响了即时检索-实践效应的出现。第一阶段的中介分析显示,学习判断和自我效能的降低在提取任务效应对学习结果的影响中起到部分中介作用。细粒度任务提高了JOL调节的准确性;然而,这种增长并没有转化为更好的再学习。检索任务可以提高学习效果,即使是在短暂的延迟之后,特别是在提供重新学习机会的情况下。
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引用次数: 4
Can Monitoring Prompts Help to Reduce a Confidence Bias When Learning With Multimedia? 监控提示有助于减少使用多媒体学习时的信心偏差吗?
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000279
Emely Hoch, Katharina Fleig, K. Scheiter
Abstract: Accurate monitoring is important, as it guides subsequent control of learning. With multimedia, learners often overestimate their learning. Retrieval practice provides insight into one’s understanding; still, it might not improve monitoring. In an online experiment with two groups, participants ( N = 146) performed retrieval practice while studying multimedia instructions. We investigated whether monitoring prompts affect metacognitive accuracy, subsequent learning behavior, and performance: One group repeatedly received prompts, whereas a control group did not. After studying, both groups provided metacognitive judgments for a subsequent posttest. As expected, learners in the control group were overconfident about their learning; however, unexpectedly, prompted learners were also overconfident and did not differ from the control group. Nevertheless, prompted learners provided longer answers to retrieval tasks, which increased their posttest performance (indirect mediation). We observed no mediation for learning time or retrieval performance, although retrieval performance did relate to posttest performance. The results suggest that monitoring prompts do not improve metacognitive accuracy per se but might improve learning outcomes by controlling subsequent learning.
摘要:准确的监测是重要的,因为它指导了学习的后续控制。使用多媒体,学习者往往高估他们的学习。检索练习提供了洞察一个人的理解;不过,它可能不会改善监控。在两组在线实验中,参与者(N = 146)在学习多媒体指令的同时进行检索练习。我们调查了监控提示是否会影响元认知准确性、随后的学习行为和表现:一组反复收到提示,而对照组没有。研究结束后,两组都为随后的后测提供了元认知判断。不出所料,对照组的学习者对自己的学习过于自信;然而,出乎意料的是,提示学习者也过度自信,与对照组没有差异。然而,提示型学习者对检索任务提供了更长的答案,这提高了他们的测试后表现(间接中介)。我们没有观察到学习时间或检索性能的中介,尽管检索性能确实与测试后的表现有关。结果表明,监测提示本身并不能提高元认知准确性,但可能通过控制后续学习来改善学习结果。
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引用次数: 2
Adolescents’ Social Goal Orientations 青少年社会目标取向
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000277
Naska Goagoses, Neele Bäker
Abstract: The current study examined the association between adolescents’ social goal orientations (i. e., what they want to achieve or avoid in social interactions with their peers) and their externalizing and prosocial behaviors as well as associations with parenting styles. Adolescents and their parents completed the questionnaires. Based on a path model with the data of 354 adolescents ( Mage = 14.11) and 121 parents from Germany, we found that (1) parental warmth had a direct effect on agentic goals (i. e., desire for authority, power, and appearing confident), (2) parental coercion had a direct effect on communal goals (i. e., desire for affiliation and closeness), (3) agentic goals had a direct effect on prosocial, rule-breaking, and aggressive behavior, and (4) communal goals had a direct effect on prosocial and aggressive behavior. In the discussion, we reflect on how the theoretical and practical significance of social goal orientations can guide future research.
摘要:本研究旨在探讨青少年社会目标取向(即社会行为取向)与心理健康的关系。(他们在与同龄人的社交互动中想要达到或避免的东西)、他们的外化和亲社会行为以及与父母教养方式的关联。青少年和他们的父母完成了调查问卷。基于德国354名青少年(Mage = 14.11)和121名父母的数据,我们发现(1)父母温暖对代理目标有直接影响。(2)父母的强迫对共同目标有直接的影响(例如,对权威、权力的渴望,以及表现出自信)。(3)代理目标对亲社会行为、打破规则行为和攻击行为有直接影响;(4)共同目标对亲社会行为和攻击行为有直接影响。在讨论中,我们思考了社会目标取向的理论意义和现实意义如何指导未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Metacomprehension in Multiple Document Reading 多元文献阅读中的元理解
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000278
Corinna Schuster, Maria Alef, Marcel Mierwald, N. Brauch, Marc Stadtler
Abstract: Accurately assessing someone’s comprehension is central to learning from multiple documents. This study examines whether judgment accuracy can be increased if readers summarize texts before assessing their own comprehension. We asked 144 adults to read multiple documents on a historical controversy. They then produced Twitter-like summaries either (a) after a time delay or (b) immediately after reading; a control group (c) did not write summaries. Results showed that delaying writing summaries increased the absolute accuracy of self-assessments of undisputed historical content knowledge. We found negative effects for the accuracy of self-assessments of source–content links, intertextual conflicts, and integration performance in an essay. The relative accuracy was lower in the delayed summaries group than in the controls. In summary, the positive effect of writing summaries appears to be limited to the self-assessment of content knowledge, whereas it is reduced with respect to forms of knowledge specific to reading multiple texts.
摘要:准确评估某人的理解能力是从多个文档中学习的核心。这项研究考察了如果读者在评估自己的理解之前总结文本,是否可以提高判断的准确性。我们让144名成年人阅读了多份关于历史争议的文件。然后,他们制作了类似推特的摘要,要么(a)在延迟一段时间后,要么(b)在阅读后立即;对照组(c)没有写总结。结果表明,推迟撰写摘要提高了对无可争议的历史内容知识的自我评估的绝对准确性。我们在一篇文章中发现,对源内容链接、互文冲突和整合表现的自我评估准确性有负面影响。延迟总结组的相对准确度低于对照组。总之,撰写摘要的积极影响似乎仅限于对内容知识的自我评估,而在阅读多篇文章所特有的知识形式方面则有所减少。
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引用次数: 2
7- and 8-Year-Olds’ Struggle With Monitoring 7、8岁孩子与监控的斗争
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000276
Kristin Kolloff, Claudia M. Roebers, Florian J. Buehler
Abstract: An often-replicated finding in metacognition research is that children overestimate their performance. To date, only a few studies have investigated the possible effects of item-specific feedback on metacognitive monitoring in young children. This study examined whether first-graders benefit from feedback to improve metacognitive monitoring discrimination when completing a paired-associates task for consistency. Over six sessions, N = 112 children evaluated whether they solved tasks correctly or not and gave item-specific confidence judgments. One group obtained only performance feedback; the other group received additional feedback on whether their performance matched their monitoring judgments. Results revealed that children could adequately discriminate between correct and incorrect answers in their confidence judgments. However, neither type of feedback improved metacognitive monitoring discrimination. We discuss the results against the theoretical background of Efklides’ self-regulation model and the cue utilization approach.
摘要:元认知研究中一个经常被重复的发现是,儿童高估了自己的表现。迄今为止,只有少数研究调查了特定项目反馈对幼儿元认知监测的可能影响。本研究考察了一年级学生在完成配对关联一致性任务时是否受益于反馈来改善元认知监测歧视。在六次测试中,N = 112名儿童评估了他们是否正确解决了任务,并给出了具体项目的信心判断。一组只获得绩效反馈;另一组则收到关于他们的表现是否符合他们的监测判断的额外反馈。结果表明,儿童在自信心判断中能够充分区分正确答案和错误答案。然而,这两种反馈都没有改善元认知监测歧视。我们在Efklides的自我调节模型和线索利用方法的理论背景下讨论了结果。
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引用次数: 2
The Influence of Learners’ Reading-Related Hope or Hopelessness and Recue Instructions on Text Comprehension and Metacomprehension 学习者阅读相关的希望或绝望及复习指导对语篇理解和元理解的影响
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000275
Anja Prinz-Weiß, Sarah Schiffer, Mailine Strohmaier
Abstract: In this experimental study with 62 university students, we examined to what extent the hope or hopelessness they experience during reading a text affect their comprehension as well as the magnitude and accuracy of their predictions and postdictions. Moreover, we investigated whether the impact of the emotional state varies with a recue instruction that explicitly indicates the limited validity of emotions as judgment cues. The results showed that the students used their experienced hope or hopelessness to make predictions and postdictions. This effect did not differ depending on whether they had received the recue or a control instruction. However, when students received the control instruction, greater hopelessness impaired comprehension, whereas this was not the case with the recue instruction. Finally, the instruction type did not play a moderating role in the influence of the emotional state on prediction and postdiction accuracy. Yet, concerning postdiction accuracy, students who received the recue instruction were more accurate.
摘要:通过对62名大学生的实验研究,我们考察了他们在阅读过程中所经历的希望或绝望在多大程度上影响了他们的理解,以及他们预测和预测的大小和准确性。此外,我们还调查了情绪状态的影响是否会随着明确指出情绪作为判断线索的有限有效性的提示而变化。结果表明,学生们利用他们所经历的希望或绝望来做出预测和预测。这种效果并不取决于他们是否接受了救援或控制指令。然而,当学生接受控制指导时,更大的绝望会损害理解能力,而救助指导则不是这种情况。最后,教学类型对情绪状态对预测和定位准确性的影响没有调节作用。然而,在定位准确性方面,接受救援指导的学生更准确。
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引用次数: 2
Metacognitive Judgment Skills and the Metacognitive Component of Self-Regulated Learning 元认知判断技能与自我调节学习的元认知成分
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000274
Laura Dörrenbächer-Ulrich, F. Perels
Abstract: Metacognitive judgments as part of metacognitive monitoring can be measured using different methods and show individual differences. Moreover, metacognitive judgments are highly related to the metacognitive component of self-regulated learning (SRL-MC). Nevertheless, it is unclear how metacognitive judgments are related to different ways of measuring SRL-MC. Adopting a person-oriented, multimethod approach, we measured three metacognitive judgment forms in a sample of 99 college students. Latent profile analyses resulted in four groups with differing profiles of these metacognitive judgment measures. Linking the profiles to performance, we could contextualize them within the unskilled- and unaware-effect and extend previous research on this effect. Regarding their relationship to SRL-MC, we found no differences for questionnaire values, microanalysis results, and strategy knowledge scores. These results are discussed with regard to the conceptual overlap of metacognitive judgments and SRL-MC.
摘要元认知判断作为元认知监测的一部分,可以采用不同的测量方法,并表现出个体差异。此外,元认知判断与自我调节学习(SRL-MC)的元认知成分密切相关。然而,元认知判断与不同的SRL-MC测量方法之间的关系尚不清楚。采用以人为本的多方法方法,我们对99名大学生的三种元认知判断形式进行了测量。潜在轮廓分析导致四组具有不同的这些元认知判断措施的轮廓。将概要文件与性能联系起来,我们可以将它们置于非熟练和无意识的影响中,并扩展先前对该影响的研究。关于他们与SRL-MC的关系,我们发现问卷值、微观分析结果和策略知识得分没有差异。这些结果在元认知判断和SRL-MC的概念重叠方面进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Metacognitive Monitoring via Strategies and Judgments 通过策略和判断的元认知监测
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000273
M. Händel, Nick Naujoks-Schober, M. Dresel
Abstract: Metacognitive monitoring is conceptualized as a situation-specific and context-dependent process that helps learners to regulate their learning. The current study builds on the idea that metacognitive monitoring can fulfil monitoring functions in different phases (when to monitor: during learning or during testing), and that it refers to several objects (what to monitor: processing or retrieval). The cross-sectional study with 184 higher-education students used a situation-specific approach and referred to students’ monitoring via monitoring strategies and monitoring judgments during test preparation and test processing. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that monitoring via strategies and judgments can be directed at different objects. In addition, monitoring different objects was more strongly correlated within the same phase than across different phases. The study results emphasize the need for an object-specific and comprehensive consideration of metacognitive monitoring via monitoring strategies and monitoring judgments.
摘要元认知监测是一种情境化、情境依赖性的过程,有助于学习者调节自己的学习行为。目前的研究建立在元认知监测可以在不同阶段(何时监测:在学习期间或在测试期间)实现监测功能的想法之上,并且它涉及多个对象(监测什么:处理或检索)。对184名高等教育学生的横断面研究采用了一种针对具体情况的方法,涉及学生在考试准备和考试处理过程中通过监测策略和监测判断进行监测。验证性因素分析表明,通过策略和判断进行监测可以针对不同的对象。此外,监测不同对象在同一阶段内比在不同阶段之间的相关性更强。研究结果强调需要通过监测策略和监测判断对元认知监测进行对象特异性和综合考虑。
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引用次数: 2
Does Providing External Standards After Keyword Generation Improve Metacomprehension Accuracy and Regulation for High School Students? 在关键词生成后提供外部标准是否能提高高中生的元理解准确性和规则性?
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000266
Julia Waldeyer, Julian Roelle
Abstract: Our study investigated whether comparing expert keywords after learners have generated keywords on their own improves relative metacomprehension accuracy for high school students – as found by Waldeyer and Roelle (2021 ) with university students. Moreover, we analyzed whether this potential improvement in metacomprehension accuracy in turn affects regulation decisions. We conducted an experiment with 142 high school students who read three expository texts and then were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: (a) generation of keywords after reading and a comparison with expert keywords, or (b) generation of keywords after reading without comparison. We found that relative metacomprehension accuracy did not differ between the conditions. Also, regulation decisions were not affected by condition. Our findings are discussed with respect to limitations and implications.
摘要:我们的研究考察了Waldeyer和Roelle(2021)发现,学习者在自己生成关键词后比较专家关键词是否能提高高中生与大学生的相对元理解准确率。此外,我们分析了这种元理解准确度的潜在提高是否反过来影响调控决策。我们对142名高中学生进行了一项实验,他们阅读了三篇说明文,然后被随机分配到两种实验条件之一:(a)阅读后生成关键词并与专家关键词进行比较,或(b)阅读后生成关键词而不进行比较。我们发现在不同的条件下,相对元理解的准确度没有差异。此外,监管决策不受条件的影响。我们的研究结果讨论了局限性和意义。
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引用次数: 3
Advances in Understanding and Fostering the Accuracy of Metacognitive Judgments 理解和培养元认知判断准确性的研究进展
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000281
Julia Waldeyer, M. Händel, Julian Roelle
{"title":"Advances in Understanding and Fostering the Accuracy of Metacognitive Judgments","authors":"Julia Waldeyer, M. Händel, Julian Roelle","doi":"10.1026/0049-8637/a000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45028,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Entwicklungspsychologie Und Padagogische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49534466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Zeitschrift Fur Entwicklungspsychologie Und Padagogische Psychologie
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