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Understanding and Supporting Metacognitive Monitoring Judgments – A Commentary 理解和支持元认知监测判断——评论
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000282
Martine Baars
To successfully study text materials, solve problems, and complete assignments, students must self-monitor their performance. Do they understand what they are reading? Are they taking the right steps to solve the problem? Do they understand the assignment and how to work on it
为了成功地学习文本材料,解决问题,完成作业,学生必须自我监控他们的表现。他们理解他们所读的内容吗?他们是否采取了正确的措施来解决问题?他们是否理解任务以及如何完成任务
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引用次数: 0
Fostering Child Language with Short-Term Digital Storybook Interventions 短期数字故事书干预培养儿童语言
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000264
A. Cordes, F. Egert, Fabienne Hartig
Abstract: Research suggests that storybook reading fosters children’s language skills in the early years, with digital formats bearing new potential. This experimental pilot study with stratified randomization evaluates the effects of digital storybook reading in kindergarten on global language, vocabulary, verb learning (irregular past), and narrative skills. We assessed two reading methods: (a) dialogic reading and (b) supervised, independent screen-based story exposure. Twenty-seven children (aged 4 – 5 years) received a short-term small-group intervention (3 sessions) with a digital storybook on a tablet using one of the two methods with audio narration. Children in the dialogic reading condition made significant gains in receptive vocabulary, expressive target vocabulary, and verb learning. Postcontrasts further revealed a substantial advantage of dialogic reading for children’s narrative skills. Age-appropriate digital storybooks designed in line with insights from cognitive and developmental psychology may be used in early education to foster children’s language skills, if read dialogically.
摘要:研究表明,故事书阅读可以在儿童早期培养语言技能,而数字格式的故事书具有新的潜力。本研究采用分层随机方法评估了幼儿园儿童阅读数字故事书对全球语言、词汇、动词学习(不规则过去式)和叙事技能的影响。我们评估了两种阅读方法:(a)对话阅读和(b)有监督的、独立的基于屏幕的故事阅读。27名儿童(4 - 5岁)接受了短期小组干预(3次),使用平板电脑上的数字故事书,使用两种方法中的一种与音频叙述。对话阅读条件下的儿童在接受性词汇、表达性目标词汇和动词学习方面有显著的进步。后对比进一步揭示了对话阅读对儿童叙事技能的巨大优势。根据认知和发展心理学的见解设计的适合年龄的数字故事书,如果以对话方式阅读,可以用于早期教育,以培养儿童的语言技能。
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引用次数: 0
Therapie-Tools Problematische Mediennutzung im Kindes- und Jugendalter 使用印刷工具
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000265
Nicole Hirschmann, H. Koch, Kim Weiss
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引用次数: 0
Cumulative Culture 累积文化
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000268
Sandro Sehner, Judith M Burkart
Abstract: Although the spread of innovations through social learning is well documented in animals, resulting animal cultures have remained simple without an increase in complexity over time. Human culture, in contrast, evolves constantly and is unparalleled in terms of complexity and diversity. Why only human culture is cumulative is the subject of ongoing debates, but the most prevalent suggestions are that animals lack high-fidelity transmission and complex innovations. This article examines how the combination of two factors may have helped humans overcome these limitations: first, our having a big brain, inherited from our great-ape-like ancestors; second, our reliance on extensive allomaternal care that evolved convergently with other cooperatively breeding species. We provide support for this suggestion with recent evidence from cooperatively breeding common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus), showing that motivation for cooperation can trump intelligence when it comes to solving problems and information transmission to the next generation.
摘要:虽然创新通过社会学习在动物中传播,但动物文化仍然保持简单,没有随着时间的推移而增加复杂性。相反,人类文化是不断发展的,在复杂性和多样性方面是无与伦比的。为什么只有人类文化是累积性的,这一直是争论的主题,但最普遍的说法是动物缺乏高保真的传播和复杂的创新。这篇文章探讨了两个因素是如何帮助人类克服这些限制的:首先,我们从类人猿祖先那里继承了一个很大的大脑;第二,我们对广泛的异母照顾的依赖,与其他合作繁殖的物种进化趋同。我们用合作繁殖普通狨猴(Callithrix jacchus)的最新证据支持了这一观点,表明在解决问题和向下一代传递信息时,合作的动机可以胜过智力。
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引用次数: 1
Ausschreibung von zwei Mitherausgeberschaften der Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 由《人类发展心理学和临床教学心理学》杂志的两名室友发出招标
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000272
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引用次数: 0
Learning From Within 从内心学习
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000269
A. Suchodoletz, Tessa J. McNaboe
Abstract: Most developmental science occurs within a so-called WEIRD narrative: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic. Although developmental psychology has long relied on cross-cultural research to enrich and inform theories of human development, the narrow focus on children from WEIRD countries creates a biased understanding of how children develop. It is critical to diversify developmental science and ensure it reflects and responds to local contexts and cultures. In this article, we discuss how community-based participatory research (CBPR) can be integrated into theoretical frameworks of human development and used to increase the representation of traditionally marginalized populations in developmental science. We argue that a CBPR-informed approach can ensure that child development priorities are culturally sensitive, which can support the development of programs aimed at enhancing children’s development which are embedded in local cultural norms and become part of the social fabric of the community under study.
摘要:大多数发展科学都是在所谓的怪异叙事中发生的:西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕、民主。尽管发展心理学长期以来一直依靠跨文化研究来丰富和告知人类发展理论,但对来自怪异国家的儿童的狭隘关注造成了对儿童发展方式的偏见理解。至关重要的是使发展科学多样化,并确保它反映和响应当地的背景和文化。在本文中,我们讨论了如何将基于社区的参与性研究(CBPR)整合到人类发展的理论框架中,并用于增加传统边缘化人群在发展科学中的代表性。我们认为,基于cbpr的方法可以确保儿童发展优先事项具有文化敏感性,这可以支持旨在促进儿童发展的项目的发展,这些项目植根于当地文化规范,并成为所研究社区社会结构的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Warum die Vergleichende Psychologie auf den Hund gekommen ist 我想说为什么送狗来到这里
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000267
J. Bräuer, Yana Bender
Zusammenfassung: Die Entwicklungspsychologie beschreibt ontogenetische Prozesse, bei denen es um zeitlich überdauernde, aufeinander aufbauende Veränderungen menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens über die gesamte Lebensspanne geht. In diesem Artikel erläutern wir den Zusammenhang zwischen ontogenetischen und phylogenetischen Prozessen, die das zentrale Forschungsinteresse der Vergleichenden Psychologie darstellen. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind hierbei Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Menschen und verschiedenen Tierarten, die zum Beispiel Aufschluss über die Evolution von Kognition geben können. Hunde spielen dabei eine besondere Rolle: sie haben durch ihre lange Domestikationsgeschichte einzigartige Fähigkeiten in den Bereichen Kommunikation, Aufmerksamkeit und Kooperation erlangt. Durch die konvergente Entwicklung von Hund und Mensch durch den ähnlichen Selektionsdruck auf beide Spezies, kann man bei einigen dieser Eigenschaften sogar von menschenähnlichen Fähigkeiten sprechen.
总括来说,发育心理学描述了在人的一生过程中发生的永恒和相互强化的人类经历和行为变化。在本文中,我们解释了构成宇宙研究中心研究心理学的机体遗传和植物遗传过程之间的关系。这里研究的主题是人类和各类动物的共同之处和不同之处,例如这些物种可以对认知的进化进行研究。狗有一个特殊的角色:由于长期的惯性历史,它们具备了沟通、注意力和合作的独特技能。通过正确的选择速率和人类反射一致的信号
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引用次数: 0
Der Einfluss von Kultur auf die Entwicklung in den ersten drei Lebensjahren 文化对出生后三年的发展的影响
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000271
Marta Giner Torréns, Helen Wefers, Joscha Kärtner
Zusammenfassung: Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass kulturell geprägte soziale Interaktionen die Grundlage für kulturspezifische Entwicklungspfade bilden, veranschaulichen wir in diesem Beitrag den Einfluss von Kultur auf die Entwicklung des sozialen Lächelns und sozialer Erwartungen im Säuglingsalter sowie auf das Hilfeverhalten im 2. und 3. Lebensjahr. Die methodisch breit aufgestellten Studienbeispiele aus drei kulturellen Kontexten zeigen, dass die elterlichen Ethnotheorien und die damit assoziierten Formen der Ko-Regulation und Strukturierung als zentraler Teil des kindlichen Entwicklungssystems mitgedacht werden müssen, um die menschliche Entwicklung angemessen beschreiben zu können. Zukünftige Schritte hin zu einer Entwicklungspsychologie, die ihr Verständnis von universellen und kulturspezifischen Aspekten der kindlichen Entwicklung weiter vertieft, werden diskutiert.
摘要:从相信文化的社会互动的基础kulturspezifische可能性构成,说明我们在论文中,文化对发展的影响的社会分裂的笑容和社会期望以婴儿时期、Hilfeverhalten在2 .3 .o .来自三个文化背景的全理方法研究案例表明,父母对人类健康的看法以及相关的相互调节和结构,都应当作为儿童发展系统的重要部分加以考虑,才能恰当地描述人类的发展。对儿童发展的普适和文化特征的理解进一步加深他们对这些问题的理解的未来讨论也在进行中。
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引用次数: 0
Vergleichende Psychologie und ihre Relevanz für die Entwicklungspsychologie 比较心理学及其与发展心理学的相关性
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000270
Katja Liebal, Daniel B. M. Haun
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引用次数: 0
Using Spacing to Promote Lasting Learning in Educational Contexts 利用间隔促进教育环境中的持久学习
IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000259
M. Ebersbach, A. Lachner, K. Scheiter, Tobias Richter
Abstract. Spacing repeated study phases across multiple sessions instead of studying and restudying the learning material in one session only is an effective strategy to promote lasting learning. However, most studies demonstrating the spacing effect were conducted in the laboratory, using simple verbal material. Learning in educational contexts differs regarding the complexity and coherence of the learning material and concerning the role of motivational and affective learner characteristics. Studies conducted in educational contexts suggest that the spacing effect is not as robust here. For example, acquiring mathematical skills or nonrepeated, consecutive information does not reliably benefit from spacing. After an overview of studies addressing the spacing effect in the laboratory and in educational contexts, we discuss various open questions that need to be addressed by future research before recommending spacing as a learning strategy to promote meaningful and lasting learning at schools and universities.
摘要将重复的学习阶段间隔在多个学习阶段,而不是在一个学习阶段反复学习学习材料,这是促进持久学习的有效策略。然而,大多数证明间隔效应的研究都是在实验室进行的,使用的是简单的语言材料。教育环境下的学习因学习材料的复杂性和连贯性以及动机性和情感性学习者特征的作用而有所不同。在教育背景下进行的研究表明,间隔效应在这里并不那么强大。例如,获取数学技能或非重复的连续信息并不一定能从间隔中获益。在概述了在实验室和教育环境中解决间隔效应的研究之后,我们讨论了未来研究需要解决的各种悬而未决的问题,然后建议间隔作为一种学习策略来促进学校和大学的有意义和持久的学习。
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引用次数: 1
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Zeitschrift Fur Entwicklungspsychologie Und Padagogische Psychologie
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