Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2019.1637115
M. McCoustra, R. Mather
Abstract Plasma treatments are acquiring growing commercial recognition as a highly practical means of altering the surface properties of textiles without detriment to their bulk properties. It is clearly desirable that processing conditions are formulated as accurately as possible, so that fewer trials are required to achieve a desired outcome. We discuss how better formulation is achievable from a clearer understanding of the mechanisms comprising the plasma process. This improved understanding comes from not only analysing surface chemical and topographical changes resulting from a plasma treatment, but also monitoring key processes taking place during the treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the application of computational approaches, statistical experimental design and process control as supporting tools and highlight the role that artificial intelligence may play in the future. We also consider three specific plasma treatments of textiles and propose how examples of these approaches extracted from the literature may be combined, to achieve more realistic formulations.
{"title":"Plasma modification of textiles: understanding the mechanisms involved","authors":"M. McCoustra, R. Mather","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2019.1637115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2019.1637115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plasma treatments are acquiring growing commercial recognition as a highly practical means of altering the surface properties of textiles without detriment to their bulk properties. It is clearly desirable that processing conditions are formulated as accurately as possible, so that fewer trials are required to achieve a desired outcome. We discuss how better formulation is achievable from a clearer understanding of the mechanisms comprising the plasma process. This improved understanding comes from not only analysing surface chemical and topographical changes resulting from a plasma treatment, but also monitoring key processes taking place during the treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the application of computational approaches, statistical experimental design and process control as supporting tools and highlight the role that artificial intelligence may play in the future. We also consider three specific plasma treatments of textiles and propose how examples of these approaches extracted from the literature may be combined, to achieve more realistic formulations.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"50 1","pages":"185 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2019.1637115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49661697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2018.1563369
Ganesh Jogur, Ashraf Nawaz Khan, A. Das, P. Mahajan, R. Alagirusamy
Abstract The excellent properties exhibited by thermoplastic composites at much reduced weight have attracted attention in the development of products in different sectors. Thermoplastic (TP) composites, because of their distinctive properties as well as ease of manufacturing, have emerged as a competitor against the conventional thermoset resin-based composites. Depending on the application, these composites may undergo impact events at various velocities and often fail in many complex modes. Hence, the development of TP composites having high energy-dissipation at (the desired) much-reduced weight has become a challenging task, but it is a problem which may be alleviated through the appropriate selection of materials and fabrication processes. Furthermore, fibre surface modification has been shown to increase fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion, which can lead to improved impact resistance. Textile preforms are helpful in acting as a structural backbone in the composites since they offer a relatively free hand to the composite designer to tailor its properties to suit a specific application. Additionally, hybrid textile composite structures may help in achieving the desired properties at much lower weight. Simulation software can play a significant role in the evaluation of composites without damaging physical samples. Once the simulation result has been validated with actual experimental results, it should be possible to predict the test outcomes for different composites, with different characteristics, at different energy levels without conducting further physical tests. Various numerical models have been developed which have to be incorporated into these software tools for better prediction of the result. In the current issue of Textile Progress, the effects of various materials and test parameters on impact behaviour are critically analyzed. The effect of incorporating high-performance fibres and natural fibres or their hybrid combination on the impact properties of TP composites are also discussed and the essential properties of TP polymers are briefly explained. The effects of fibre and matrix hybridization, environmental factors, various textile preform structures and fibre surface modification treatments on the impact properties of thermoplastic composites are examined in detail. Various numerical models used for impact analysis are discussed and the potential applications of TP composites in automobile, aerospace and medical sectors are highlighted.
{"title":"Impact properties of thermoplastic composites","authors":"Ganesh Jogur, Ashraf Nawaz Khan, A. Das, P. Mahajan, R. Alagirusamy","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2018.1563369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2018.1563369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The excellent properties exhibited by thermoplastic composites at much reduced weight have attracted attention in the development of products in different sectors. Thermoplastic (TP) composites, because of their distinctive properties as well as ease of manufacturing, have emerged as a competitor against the conventional thermoset resin-based composites. Depending on the application, these composites may undergo impact events at various velocities and often fail in many complex modes. Hence, the development of TP composites having high energy-dissipation at (the desired) much-reduced weight has become a challenging task, but it is a problem which may be alleviated through the appropriate selection of materials and fabrication processes. Furthermore, fibre surface modification has been shown to increase fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion, which can lead to improved impact resistance. Textile preforms are helpful in acting as a structural backbone in the composites since they offer a relatively free hand to the composite designer to tailor its properties to suit a specific application. Additionally, hybrid textile composite structures may help in achieving the desired properties at much lower weight. Simulation software can play a significant role in the evaluation of composites without damaging physical samples. Once the simulation result has been validated with actual experimental results, it should be possible to predict the test outcomes for different composites, with different characteristics, at different energy levels without conducting further physical tests. Various numerical models have been developed which have to be incorporated into these software tools for better prediction of the result. In the current issue of Textile Progress, the effects of various materials and test parameters on impact behaviour are critically analyzed. The effect of incorporating high-performance fibres and natural fibres or their hybrid combination on the impact properties of TP composites are also discussed and the essential properties of TP polymers are briefly explained. The effects of fibre and matrix hybridization, environmental factors, various textile preform structures and fibre surface modification treatments on the impact properties of thermoplastic composites are examined in detail. Various numerical models used for impact analysis are discussed and the potential applications of TP composites in automobile, aerospace and medical sectors are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"50 1","pages":"109 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2018.1563369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45697407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2018.1533659
A. Nadi, A. Boukhriss, A. Bentis, Ezzoubeir Jabrane, S. Gmouh
Abstract The development of technical textiles allows the introduction of new, interesting and original multi-functionalities in textiles through development of the architecture of fibres, yarns and fabrics, their morphology and surface functionalization without altering their physico-chemical proprieties. This issue of Textile Progress reports different techniques used to impart new functionalities to the surfaces of textiles during the last decade. Following a short, context-setting historical introduction, the preparatory processes which need to be applied to textile matrices to make them clean and ready for functionalization are examined prior to a comprehensive review of techniques and research related to the development of functional textiles ranging from the more-traditional techniques through to more-recent developments. The challenge now is to bring new performance features to bear whilst maintaining environmental sustainability, chemical toxicological acceptability, high performance and cost effectiveness. In this context, the review reports on developments in the use of polymerization, nanotechnologies, plasma treatment, electrospinning, microencapsulation and sol gel techniques to impart novel properties to a textile surface such as water-repellent, flame-retardant and antibacterial properties.
{"title":"Evolution in the surface modification of textiles: a review","authors":"A. Nadi, A. Boukhriss, A. Bentis, Ezzoubeir Jabrane, S. Gmouh","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2018.1533659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2018.1533659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of technical textiles allows the introduction of new, interesting and original multi-functionalities in textiles through development of the architecture of fibres, yarns and fabrics, their morphology and surface functionalization without altering their physico-chemical proprieties. This issue of Textile Progress reports different techniques used to impart new functionalities to the surfaces of textiles during the last decade. Following a short, context-setting historical introduction, the preparatory processes which need to be applied to textile matrices to make them clean and ready for functionalization are examined prior to a comprehensive review of techniques and research related to the development of functional textiles ranging from the more-traditional techniques through to more-recent developments. The challenge now is to bring new performance features to bear whilst maintaining environmental sustainability, chemical toxicological acceptability, high performance and cost effectiveness. In this context, the review reports on developments in the use of polymerization, nanotechnologies, plasma treatment, electrospinning, microencapsulation and sol gel techniques to impart novel properties to a textile surface such as water-repellent, flame-retardant and antibacterial properties.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"50 1","pages":"108 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2018.1533659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45161197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2018.1528095
M. Tausif, Abdul Jabbar, M. Naeem, A. Basit, Faheem Ahmad, T. Cassidy
Abstract Cotton is the most significant natural fibre and has been a preferred choice of the textile industry and consumers since the industrial revolution began. The share of man-made fibres, both regenerated and synthetic fibres, has grown considerably in recent times but cotton production has also been on the rise and accounts for about half of the fibres used for apparel and textile goods. To cotton’s advantage, the premium attached to the presence of cotton fibre and the general positive consumer perception is well established, however, compared to commodity man-made fibres and high performance fibres, cotton has limitations in terms of its mechanical properties but can help to overcome moisture management issues that arise with performance apparel during active wear. This issue of Textile Progress aims to: Report on advances in cotton cultivation and processing as well as improvements to conventional cotton cultivation and ginning. The processing of cotton in the textile industry from fibre to finished fabric, cotton and its blends, and their applications in technical textiles are also covered. Explore the economic impact of cotton in different parts of the world including an overview of global cotton trade. Examine the environmental perception of cotton fibre and efforts in organic and genetically-modified (GM) cotton production. The topic of naturally-coloured cotton, post-consumer waste is covered and the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and processing are discussed. Hazardous effects of cultivation, such as the extensive use of pesticides, insecticides and irrigation with fresh water, and consequences of the use of GM cotton and cotton fibres in general on the climate are summarised and the effects of cotton processing on workers are addressed. The potential hazards during cotton cultivation, processing and use are also included. Examine how the properties of cotton textiles can be enhanced, for example, by improving wrinkle recovery and reducing the flammability of cotton fibre.
{"title":"Cotton in the new millennium: advances, economics, perceptions and problems","authors":"M. Tausif, Abdul Jabbar, M. Naeem, A. Basit, Faheem Ahmad, T. Cassidy","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2018.1528095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2018.1528095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cotton is the most significant natural fibre and has been a preferred choice of the textile industry and consumers since the industrial revolution began. The share of man-made fibres, both regenerated and synthetic fibres, has grown considerably in recent times but cotton production has also been on the rise and accounts for about half of the fibres used for apparel and textile goods. To cotton’s advantage, the premium attached to the presence of cotton fibre and the general positive consumer perception is well established, however, compared to commodity man-made fibres and high performance fibres, cotton has limitations in terms of its mechanical properties but can help to overcome moisture management issues that arise with performance apparel during active wear. This issue of Textile Progress aims to: Report on advances in cotton cultivation and processing as well as improvements to conventional cotton cultivation and ginning. The processing of cotton in the textile industry from fibre to finished fabric, cotton and its blends, and their applications in technical textiles are also covered. Explore the economic impact of cotton in different parts of the world including an overview of global cotton trade. Examine the environmental perception of cotton fibre and efforts in organic and genetically-modified (GM) cotton production. The topic of naturally-coloured cotton, post-consumer waste is covered and the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and processing are discussed. Hazardous effects of cultivation, such as the extensive use of pesticides, insecticides and irrigation with fresh water, and consequences of the use of GM cotton and cotton fibres in general on the climate are summarised and the effects of cotton processing on workers are addressed. The potential hazards during cotton cultivation, processing and use are also included. Examine how the properties of cotton textiles can be enhanced, for example, by improving wrinkle recovery and reducing the flammability of cotton fibre.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"50 1","pages":"1 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2018.1528095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48559708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2018.1461921
L. Maduna, A. Patnaik
ABSTRACT Fossil fuels are a major source of energy although they generate toxic pollutants that cause harm to human beings and the environment. To control these toxic pollutants, various environmental regulations have been imposed and improved filtration technologies have been developed and adopted in response. Multinational agreements have been signed in order to tackle fossil fuel emission as a global problem. Whilst efforts to reduce emissions include the switch from fossil fuel to renewables such as solar, rain and wind, renewables like solar and wind sources and technologies are currently expensive as compared to fossil-fuel technologies. Nonwoven filter media are currently the dominant means by which the fly ash particles that are generated during fossil-fuel combustion are removed; they are widely used because of their high filtration efficiency and low pressure-drop properties. This issue of Textile Progress focuses on the filtration market, the manufacturing techniques used for nonwoven filters, the filtration of fly ash and the mechanisms used to control emissions to meet environmental regulations. Important properties of filter fabrics, their areas of application and disposal issues are discussed and possible reasons are presented for the failure of filters during operation. It addresses the problems faced in achieving effective filtration, not only in fossil fuel power plants but also across a number of other important industries.
{"title":"Textiles in air filtration","authors":"L. Maduna, A. Patnaik","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2018.1461921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2018.1461921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fossil fuels are a major source of energy although they generate toxic pollutants that cause harm to human beings and the environment. To control these toxic pollutants, various environmental regulations have been imposed and improved filtration technologies have been developed and adopted in response. Multinational agreements have been signed in order to tackle fossil fuel emission as a global problem. Whilst efforts to reduce emissions include the switch from fossil fuel to renewables such as solar, rain and wind, renewables like solar and wind sources and technologies are currently expensive as compared to fossil-fuel technologies. Nonwoven filter media are currently the dominant means by which the fly ash particles that are generated during fossil-fuel combustion are removed; they are widely used because of their high filtration efficiency and low pressure-drop properties. This issue of Textile Progress focuses on the filtration market, the manufacturing techniques used for nonwoven filters, the filtration of fly ash and the mechanisms used to control emissions to meet environmental regulations. Important properties of filter fabrics, their areas of application and disposal issues are discussed and possible reasons are presented for the failure of filters during operation. It addresses the problems faced in achieving effective filtration, not only in fossil fuel power plants but also across a number of other important industries.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"49 1","pages":"173 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2018.1461921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41662077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2018.1437008
M. van der Sluijs, L. Hunter
ABSTRACT This review focusses on physical forms of contaminant including the presence, prevention and/or removal of foreign bodies, stickiness and seed-coat fragments rather than the type and quantity of chemical residues that might be present in cotton. Contamination in cotton, even if it is a single foreign fibre, can lead to the downgrading of yarn, fabric or garments, or even to the total rejection of an entire batch and can cause irreparable harm to the relationship between growers, ginners, merchants and textile and clothing mills. Contamination thus continues to be a very important cotton fibre quality parameter in the production pipeline, with countries and cotton that are perceived to be contaminated heavily discounted. At the same time, spinners are implementing various methods to detect and eliminate contamination. Given the adverse effect on processing and product quality arising from contamination, it was considered important to compile a review of published work and knowledge relating to the incidence, detection, measurement, consequences and reduction of contamination.
{"title":"Cotton contamination","authors":"M. van der Sluijs, L. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2018.1437008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2018.1437008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review focusses on physical forms of contaminant including the presence, prevention and/or removal of foreign bodies, stickiness and seed-coat fragments rather than the type and quantity of chemical residues that might be present in cotton. Contamination in cotton, even if it is a single foreign fibre, can lead to the downgrading of yarn, fabric or garments, or even to the total rejection of an entire batch and can cause irreparable harm to the relationship between growers, ginners, merchants and textile and clothing mills. Contamination thus continues to be a very important cotton fibre quality parameter in the production pipeline, with countries and cotton that are perceived to be contaminated heavily discounted. At the same time, spinners are implementing various methods to detect and eliminate contamination. Given the adverse effect on processing and product quality arising from contamination, it was considered important to compile a review of published work and knowledge relating to the incidence, detection, measurement, consequences and reduction of contamination.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"49 1","pages":"137 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2018.1437008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833
A. Periyasamy, M. Viková, Michal Vik
ABSTRACT Photochromism is a light-induced reversible change in colour defined as: ‘A reversible transformation in a chemical species between two forms having different absorption spectra brought about by photo-irradiation.’ This issue of Textile Progress provides a review of photochromism, the different methods for producing photochromic textiles, their properties, the measurement of kinetic colour changes, and their application in photochromic textiles. Photochromism can be utilised in a variety of textile products from everyday clothing to high-technology applications such as protective textiles, medical textiles, geo-textiles and sports textiles. Although photochromic materials have been used since 1960 to cut down the transmission of light through the lenses in sunglasses, there has been limited further development since that time due to technical difficulties not only in the application of photochromic colourants, but also with the measurement of kinetic colour-changing properties. Renewed interest in photochromic textiles has arisen due to improved commercial potential in particular for applications as photochromic nanofibres, in ‘smart’ textiles and in ‘smart’ clothing.
{"title":"A review of photochromism in textiles and its measurement","authors":"A. Periyasamy, M. Viková, Michal Vik","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Photochromism is a light-induced reversible change in colour defined as: ‘A reversible transformation in a chemical species between two forms having different absorption spectra brought about by photo-irradiation.’ This issue of Textile Progress provides a review of photochromism, the different methods for producing photochromic textiles, their properties, the measurement of kinetic colour changes, and their application in photochromic textiles. Photochromism can be utilised in a variety of textile products from everyday clothing to high-technology applications such as protective textiles, medical textiles, geo-textiles and sports textiles. Although photochromic materials have been used since 1960 to cut down the transmission of light through the lenses in sunglasses, there has been limited further development since that time due to technical difficulties not only in the application of photochromic colourants, but also with the measurement of kinetic colour-changing properties. Renewed interest in photochromic textiles has arisen due to improved commercial potential in particular for applications as photochromic nanofibres, in ‘smart’ textiles and in ‘smart’ clothing.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"49 1","pages":"136 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2017.1278875
Syamal Maiti, D. Das, K. Sen
ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting polymers, fibres and fabrics prepared by in situ chemical, electrochemical and vapour-phase polymerisation. It provides information about various inherently conducting polymers prepared from aniline, pyrrole, thiophene and their derivatives that are often used to prepare flexible non-metallic electro-conductive textiles. Several methods for the characterisation of electro-conductive fabrics are included, namely scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental disruptive X-ray analysis and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. The role of the polymerisation process in determining the electrical properties of electro-conductive textiles is examined. The review highlights applications of flexible non-metallic conductive textiles in electro-magnetic shielding materials, heating pads, sensors and actuators.
{"title":"Flexible non-metallic electro-conductive textiles","authors":"Syamal Maiti, D. Das, K. Sen","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2017.1278875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2017.1278875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting polymers, fibres and fabrics prepared by in situ chemical, electrochemical and vapour-phase polymerisation. It provides information about various inherently conducting polymers prepared from aniline, pyrrole, thiophene and their derivatives that are often used to prepare flexible non-metallic electro-conductive textiles. Several methods for the characterisation of electro-conductive fabrics are included, namely scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental disruptive X-ray analysis and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. The role of the polymerisation process in determining the electrical properties of electro-conductive textiles is examined. The review highlights applications of flexible non-metallic conductive textiles in electro-magnetic shielding materials, heating pads, sensors and actuators.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2017.1278875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42483330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2016.1233656
M. van der Sluijs, L. Hunter
ABSTRACT Neps not only adversely affect the appearance of cotton yarns and fabric but are also usually associated with lower yarn strength, ends down in spinning and less-uniform yarn. Depending on the type and size of the nep, the appearance of dyed or printed fabrics is negatively influenced by the presence of these blemishes, which appear as white or dark spots on the surface, resulting in downgrading or rejection. Although neps have been identified as a major quality issue in cotton production and processing as far back as the late 1700s, no comprehensive review has been published on the formation, composition, measurement, consequences and ways to reduce the effects of neps, only a limited review has been published in 1999 [1]. Given the adverse effects on quality arising from neps, it was considered important to compile and publish a comprehensive and definitive review of published work and knowledge to date relating to cotton neps for this issue of Textile Progress.
{"title":"A review on the formation, causes, measurement, implications and reduction of neps during cotton processing","authors":"M. van der Sluijs, L. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2016.1233656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2016.1233656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Neps not only adversely affect the appearance of cotton yarns and fabric but are also usually associated with lower yarn strength, ends down in spinning and less-uniform yarn. Depending on the type and size of the nep, the appearance of dyed or printed fabrics is negatively influenced by the presence of these blemishes, which appear as white or dark spots on the surface, resulting in downgrading or rejection. Although neps have been identified as a major quality issue in cotton production and processing as far back as the late 1700s, no comprehensive review has been published on the formation, composition, measurement, consequences and ways to reduce the effects of neps, only a limited review has been published in 1999 [1]. Given the adverse effects on quality arising from neps, it was considered important to compile and publish a comprehensive and definitive review of published work and knowledge to date relating to cotton neps for this issue of Textile Progress.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"48 1","pages":"221 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2016.1233656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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