Pub Date : 2012-05-15DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2012.676800
M. Bhowmick, S. Mukhopadhyay, R. Alagirusamy
Natural fibres were initially used in composite materials to predominately improve bulk and reduce cost rather than improving mechanical properties. But the environmental problems associated with the production and use of synthetic fibres have changed the scenario. In the previous decade, natural fibres have been extensively used as reinforcement materials for both synthetic and bio-degradable matrices. Natural fibre reinforcements have mostly improved flexural and impact properties, but tensile strength improvement has been marginal and has been an area of investigation. Many attempts have been made towards improving mechanical properties, with efforts directed at improving the interface, newer methods of production of composites, new modelling techniques etc. In this detailed review, an attempt is made to critically analyse the various research efforts directed towards improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composites.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of natural fibre-reinforced composites","authors":"M. Bhowmick, S. Mukhopadhyay, R. Alagirusamy","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2012.676800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2012.676800","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibres were initially used in composite materials to predominately improve bulk and reduce cost rather than improving mechanical properties. But the environmental problems associated with the production and use of synthetic fibres have changed the scenario. In the previous decade, natural fibres have been extensively used as reinforcement materials for both synthetic and bio-degradable matrices. Natural fibre reinforcements have mostly improved flexural and impact properties, but tensile strength improvement has been marginal and has been an area of investigation. Many attempts have been made towards improving mechanical properties, with efforts directed at improving the interface, newer methods of production of composites, new modelling techniques etc. In this detailed review, an attempt is made to critically analyse the various research efforts directed towards improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composites.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2012.676800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2012.670014
Dipayan Das, Arun Kumar Pradhan, R. Chattopadhyay, S. Singh
The term ‘composite nonwovens’ refers to a category of materials different from ‘nonwoven composites’, which consist of a resinous matrix reinforced by an embedded nonwoven fabric. Many scientists would like to rename ‘composite nonwovens’ as ‘soft nonwoven composites’ and ‘nonwoven composites’ as ‘hard nonwoven composites’. Composite nonwovens are created by a modern and innovative industry employing nonwoven technologies to bring together fibres of different origins, different characteristics or a combination thereof. Combination of different nonwoven preforms prepared either by employing a variety of process technologies or by combining nonwoven preforms with traditional textile preforms into a consolidated structure can also result in the creation of composite nonwovens. Composite nonwovens can provide an engineered solution by creating multifunctional products as well as an economical solution by eliminating manufacturing processes and replacing two or more products by a single product. Business activity in the field of composite nonwovens is therefore expected to grow substantially. In this paper, recent research into composition, manufacture, structure–property relationships and applications of composite nonwovens is reviewed beginning with an overview of composite nonwovens encompassing definitions, types, scope and business-related aspects. It then proceeds to discuss the characteristics of both natural and man-made fibres along with some speciality fibres such as bicomponent fibres and micro- and nanofibres in the development of composite nonwovens before exploring manufacturing processes used in creating composite nonwovens. The underlying nonwoven preparation methods and composite processes, such as multi-forming and multi-bonding, together with other more unusual composite processes are described before exploring structure–property relationship in composite nonwovens, including multicomponent nonwovens, multilayered nonwovens, hybrid nonwovens and nonwovens containing particulates or active ingredients. Applications of composite nonwovens in diverse products ranging from wound dressings, surgical gowns, facemasks to absorbent wipes and respirator filters are described. Finally, the review highlights the future prospects for composite nonwoven materials.
{"title":"Composite Nonwovens","authors":"Dipayan Das, Arun Kumar Pradhan, R. Chattopadhyay, S. Singh","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2012.670014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2012.670014","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘composite nonwovens’ refers to a category of materials different from ‘nonwoven composites’, which consist of a resinous matrix reinforced by an embedded nonwoven fabric. Many scientists would like to rename ‘composite nonwovens’ as ‘soft nonwoven composites’ and ‘nonwoven composites’ as ‘hard nonwoven composites’. Composite nonwovens are created by a modern and innovative industry employing nonwoven technologies to bring together fibres of different origins, different characteristics or a combination thereof. Combination of different nonwoven preforms prepared either by employing a variety of process technologies or by combining nonwoven preforms with traditional textile preforms into a consolidated structure can also result in the creation of composite nonwovens. Composite nonwovens can provide an engineered solution by creating multifunctional products as well as an economical solution by eliminating manufacturing processes and replacing two or more products by a single product. Business activity in the field of composite nonwovens is therefore expected to grow substantially. In this paper, recent research into composition, manufacture, structure–property relationships and applications of composite nonwovens is reviewed beginning with an overview of composite nonwovens encompassing definitions, types, scope and business-related aspects. It then proceeds to discuss the characteristics of both natural and man-made fibres along with some speciality fibres such as bicomponent fibres and micro- and nanofibres in the development of composite nonwovens before exploring manufacturing processes used in creating composite nonwovens. The underlying nonwoven preparation methods and composite processes, such as multi-forming and multi-bonding, together with other more unusual composite processes are described before exploring structure–property relationship in composite nonwovens, including multicomponent nonwovens, multilayered nonwovens, hybrid nonwovens and nonwovens containing particulates or active ingredients. Applications of composite nonwovens in diverse products ranging from wound dressings, surgical gowns, facemasks to absorbent wipes and respirator filters are described. Finally, the review highlights the future prospects for composite nonwoven materials.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2012.670014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2011.573240
Ng Sau-Fun, Hui Chi-Leung, Lai-Fan Wong
The paper critically reviews medical garments with various functions and development aspects. Textiles used and developing technologies are systematically introduced. Medical garment products are described according to three major functions: protective, treatment and caring functions. Although the main theme of this paper discusses products for the elderly and the disabled, it also contains major parts on medical garments, which include personal protective equipment (PPE), hip protectors (HP), pressure garments (PG), compression stockings (CS), wet dressings, products for wound dressing, adult incontinence products, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, vital signs monitoring garments, motion aware clothing, wearable sensors and smart diapers and so on. The development of apparel for the elderly and the disabled is a challenge for the healthcare and clothing industries. The developed apparel products are not only based on various design, fashion and comfort concepts but also considered in terms of particular medical problems, restorative care functions and appropriate solutions for healthcare purposes.
{"title":"Development of medical garments and apparel for the elderly and the disabled","authors":"Ng Sau-Fun, Hui Chi-Leung, Lai-Fan Wong","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2011.573240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2011.573240","url":null,"abstract":"The paper critically reviews medical garments with various functions and development aspects. Textiles used and developing technologies are systematically introduced. Medical garment products are described according to three major functions: protective, treatment and caring functions. Although the main theme of this paper discusses products for the elderly and the disabled, it also contains major parts on medical garments, which include personal protective equipment (PPE), hip protectors (HP), pressure garments (PG), compression stockings (CS), wet dressings, products for wound dressing, adult incontinence products, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, vital signs monitoring garments, motion aware clothing, wearable sensors and smart diapers and so on. The development of apparel for the elderly and the disabled is a challenge for the healthcare and clothing industries. The developed apparel products are not only based on various design, fashion and comfort concepts but also considered in terms of particular medical problems, restorative care functions and appropriate solutions for healthcare purposes.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2011.573240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2011.570027
Mangala Joshi, Amitava Bhattacharyya
The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Textile-based nanoproducts starting from nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers to intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are getting their way not only in high performance advanced applications but nanoparticles are also successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance. Greater repeatability, reliability and robustness are the main advantages of nanotechnological advancements in textiles. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. New coating techniques like sol-gel, layer-by-layer, plasma polymerization etc. can develop multi-functionality, intelligence, excellent durability and weather resistance to fabrics. The present paper focuses on the development and potential applications of nanotechnology in developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers and other new finished and nanocoated textiles. The four main areas of textile chemical processing, namely nanofinishing, nanocoating, nanocomposite coating and nanodyeing, are covered in the first section of this paper and the second section deals with developments in nanocomposite fibers and nanofibers. The influence of nanomaterials in textile finishing and processing to enhance product performance is discussed. Nanocoating is a relatively new technique in the textile field and is currently under research and development. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings, where nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric media and used for coating applications, are the most promising route to develop multifunctional and intelligent high-performance textiles. Not much research has been done on applying the concept of nanotechnology in dyeing of textiles except a few reports on dye particle size reduction, structural change in fibers or the surface etching of textiles to create nanostructured surfaces. The reduction in water consumption during nanotechnology applications in textile processing has the potential to control the effluent problems of a textile process house. The most researched area to produce multifunctional, smart fibers is the preparation of nanocomposite fibers where the exceptional properties of nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance and impart several functionalities on conventional textile grade fibers. Nanofibers are gaining popularity in some specialized technical applications such as filter fabric, antibacterial patches and chemical protective suits. Nanotechnological advances in these two areas of nanocomposite fibers and nanofibrous forms have also been reviewed.
{"title":"Nanotechnology – a new route to high-performance functional textiles","authors":"Mangala Joshi, Amitava Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2011.570027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2011.570027","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Textile-based nanoproducts starting from nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers to intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are getting their way not only in high performance advanced applications but nanoparticles are also successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance. Greater repeatability, reliability and robustness are the main advantages of nanotechnological advancements in textiles. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. New coating techniques like sol-gel, layer-by-layer, plasma polymerization etc. can develop multi-functionality, intelligence, excellent durability and weather resistance to fabrics. The present paper focuses on the development and potential applications of nanotechnology in developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers and other new finished and nanocoated textiles. The four main areas of textile chemical processing, namely nanofinishing, nanocoating, nanocomposite coating and nanodyeing, are covered in the first section of this paper and the second section deals with developments in nanocomposite fibers and nanofibers. The influence of nanomaterials in textile finishing and processing to enhance product performance is discussed. Nanocoating is a relatively new technique in the textile field and is currently under research and development. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings, where nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric media and used for coating applications, are the most promising route to develop multifunctional and intelligent high-performance textiles. Not much research has been done on applying the concept of nanotechnology in dyeing of textiles except a few reports on dye particle size reduction, structural change in fibers or the surface etching of textiles to create nanostructured surfaces. The reduction in water consumption during nanotechnology applications in textile processing has the potential to control the effluent problems of a textile process house. The most researched area to produce multifunctional, smart fibers is the preparation of nanocomposite fibers where the exceptional properties of nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance and impart several functionalities on conventional textile grade fibers. Nanofibers are gaining popularity in some specialized technical applications such as filter fabric, antibacterial patches and chemical protective suits. Nanotechnological advances in these two areas of nanocomposite fibers and nanofibrous forms have also been reviewed.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2011.570027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2011.565151
R. Shamey, W. Shim
In a previous publication we reviewed some of the most critical issues that affect the coloration and properties of cotton-based textiles [R. Shamey and T. Hussain, Textile Progress 37(1/2) (2005) pp. 1–84]. Today, polyester is still widely regarded as an inexpensive and uncomfortable fiber, but this image is slowly beginning to fade with the emergence of polyester luxury fibers. Polyester fibers currently comprise a commanding 77% share of the total worldwide production of the major synthetic fibers [F. Ayfi, 2003–2004 Handbook of Statistics on Man-Made/Synthetic Fibre/Yarn Industry. Part One, Fibre for Better Living, Association of Synthetic Fibre Industry, Mumbai, India, 2004, p. 177]. More than 95% of all polyester fibers manufactured today is based on polyethylene terephthalate. The dyeing properties of polyester fibers are strongly influenced by many of the processing conditions to which each fiber may be subjected during its manufacturing or in subsequent handling. Significant differences in properties of fibers can therefore arise due to their different processing history. Often, the root cause(s) of a problem in the dyed synthetic material can be traced as far back as the manufacturing process. In order to resolve many of the outstanding issues that commonly occur in the dyeing of this important fiber, a comprehensive review of the issues dealing with the manufacturing history as well as fiber processing conditions, including preparation, dyeing, and finishing is warranted. Although some of the underlying problems are related to common causes such as water quality and imperfections in machinery employed, others are specific to the treatment conditions of the fiber. Such conditions include preparation of ingredients, polymerization, fiber and filament processing conditions, as well as heat setting that can cause problems in the coloration of fiber. This summary analysis complements the rich pool of knowledge in this domain and addresses problems in the dyeing of polyester textile materials in various forms. An overview of various textile operations for polyester is given in the beginning. Then, various key steps and critical factors involved in the production of dyed polyester textile materials are described in detail and problems originating at each stage are summarized.
{"title":"Assessment of key issues in the coloration of polyester material","authors":"R. Shamey, W. Shim","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2011.565151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2011.565151","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous publication we reviewed some of the most critical issues that affect the coloration and properties of cotton-based textiles [R. Shamey and T. Hussain, Textile Progress 37(1/2) (2005) pp. 1–84]. Today, polyester is still widely regarded as an inexpensive and uncomfortable fiber, but this image is slowly beginning to fade with the emergence of polyester luxury fibers. Polyester fibers currently comprise a commanding 77% share of the total worldwide production of the major synthetic fibers [F. Ayfi, 2003–2004 Handbook of Statistics on Man-Made/Synthetic Fibre/Yarn Industry. Part One, Fibre for Better Living, Association of Synthetic Fibre Industry, Mumbai, India, 2004, p. 177]. More than 95% of all polyester fibers manufactured today is based on polyethylene terephthalate. The dyeing properties of polyester fibers are strongly influenced by many of the processing conditions to which each fiber may be subjected during its manufacturing or in subsequent handling. Significant differences in properties of fibers can therefore arise due to their different processing history. Often, the root cause(s) of a problem in the dyed synthetic material can be traced as far back as the manufacturing process. In order to resolve many of the outstanding issues that commonly occur in the dyeing of this important fiber, a comprehensive review of the issues dealing with the manufacturing history as well as fiber processing conditions, including preparation, dyeing, and finishing is warranted. Although some of the underlying problems are related to common causes such as water quality and imperfections in machinery employed, others are specific to the treatment conditions of the fiber. Such conditions include preparation of ingredients, polymerization, fiber and filament processing conditions, as well as heat setting that can cause problems in the coloration of fiber. This summary analysis complements the rich pool of knowledge in this domain and addresses problems in the dyeing of polyester textile materials in various forms. An overview of various textile operations for polyester is given in the beginning. Then, various key steps and critical factors involved in the production of dyed polyester textile materials are described in detail and problems originating at each stage are summarized.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2011.565151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-17DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2010.527705
A. Majumdar
Soft computing is a cluster of modelling and optimisation techniques which mimics the behaviour of biological systems. Artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL) and genetic algorithms (GA) are three main constituents of soft computing. In recent years, soft computing systems have been successfully used in every discipline of science, technology and engineering. Fibrous materials possess a unique combination of characteristics as they are strong, flexible and light-weight. Therefore, fibrous materials are gaining increased attention with time from the materials scientists and engineers. When fibrous materials are used for technical applications, the requirement in terms of functional properties becomes more important than the aesthetics. In certain cases, it becomes imperative to get an idea about the properties of the fibrous materials before their manufacturing. As the fibrous materials have inherent variability, estimation of their properties by mathematical models often yields a very high prediction error. Soft computing systems present the potential solutions for the modelling and optimisation of fibrous materials. This monograph presents a compendium of researches on the application of soft computing techniques in fibrous materials modelling, optimisation and engineering.
{"title":"Soft computing in fibrous materials engineering","authors":"A. Majumdar","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2010.527705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2010.527705","url":null,"abstract":"Soft computing is a cluster of modelling and optimisation techniques which mimics the behaviour of biological systems. Artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL) and genetic algorithms (GA) are three main constituents of soft computing. In recent years, soft computing systems have been successfully used in every discipline of science, technology and engineering. Fibrous materials possess a unique combination of characteristics as they are strong, flexible and light-weight. Therefore, fibrous materials are gaining increased attention with time from the materials scientists and engineers. When fibrous materials are used for technical applications, the requirement in terms of functional properties becomes more important than the aesthetics. In certain cases, it becomes imperative to get an idea about the properties of the fibrous materials before their manufacturing. As the fibrous materials have inherent variability, estimation of their properties by mathematical models often yields a very high prediction error. Soft computing systems present the potential solutions for the modelling and optimisation of fibrous materials. This monograph presents a compendium of researches on the application of soft computing techniques in fibrous materials modelling, optimisation and engineering.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2010.527705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58907434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.1080/00405167.2010.486932
A. Botha, L. Hunter
The world has moved away from subjective appraisal of raw wool characteristics and has entered an era of objective measurement and specification, and the raw wool trade is rapidly moving towards sale by total description which necessitates the accurate, rapid and cost effective measurement of all the raw wool characteristics important in determining price, textile performance and end-use. The development and availability of new technologies and equipment have enabled the objective measurement of many more raw wool characteristics than was possible in the past. Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been carried out worldwide on the effect of the raw wool characteristics on topmaking and spinning performance, as well as on yarn properties. This was done in order to gain a better understanding of, and to quantify, the effects of fibre and processing parameters on processing behaviour and performance and on the properties of the top and yarn and even the fabric. An important aim of the research was to improve the processing of wool and the productivity and cost effectiveness of the various processing stages. This research led to a better understanding of which raw wool characteristics influence textile processing behaviour and performance, as well as the product quality and end-use performance, and ultimately the raw wool price. On the basis of this, technologies and instruments were developed and commercialised for measuring the key raw wool characteristics rapidly, accurately and cost effectively. In parallel to this, the associated test methods were developed and standardised largely under the umbrella of the IWTO, many of these being adopted and used in raw wool marketing and trading worldwide. This review covers the research and development carried out over more than half a century on the development and standardisation of technologies, instruments and test methods for the measurement of those characteristics determining the price and textile quality of raw wool and which are therefore important in terms of the global marketing and trading of raw wool. Research and development in this field is still continuing, but at a much lower intensity and pace than during the second half of the previous century.
{"title":"The measurement of wool fibre properties and their effect on worsted processing performance and product quality. Part 1: The objective measurement of wool fibre properties","authors":"A. Botha, L. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/00405167.2010.486932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2010.486932","url":null,"abstract":"The world has moved away from subjective appraisal of raw wool characteristics and has entered an era of objective measurement and specification, and the raw wool trade is rapidly moving towards sale by total description which necessitates the accurate, rapid and cost effective measurement of all the raw wool characteristics important in determining price, textile performance and end-use. The development and availability of new technologies and equipment have enabled the objective measurement of many more raw wool characteristics than was possible in the past. Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been carried out worldwide on the effect of the raw wool characteristics on topmaking and spinning performance, as well as on yarn properties. This was done in order to gain a better understanding of, and to quantify, the effects of fibre and processing parameters on processing behaviour and performance and on the properties of the top and yarn and even the fabric. An important aim of the research was to improve the processing of wool and the productivity and cost effectiveness of the various processing stages. This research led to a better understanding of which raw wool characteristics influence textile processing behaviour and performance, as well as the product quality and end-use performance, and ultimately the raw wool price. On the basis of this, technologies and instruments were developed and commercialised for measuring the key raw wool characteristics rapidly, accurately and cost effectively. In parallel to this, the associated test methods were developed and standardised largely under the umbrella of the IWTO, many of these being adopted and used in raw wool marketing and trading worldwide. This review covers the research and development carried out over more than half a century on the development and standardisation of technologies, instruments and test methods for the measurement of those characteristics determining the price and textile quality of raw wool and which are therefore important in terms of the global marketing and trading of raw wool. Research and development in this field is still continuing, but at a much lower intensity and pace than during the second half of the previous century.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405167.2010.486932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58906716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00405160903509803
A. Rawal, T. Shah, S. Anand
The monograph critically reviews most commonly used geotextile structures, their properties and performance characteristics. In general, both natural and synthetic fibres are used for the production of geotextiles, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of fibre are discussed for various applications of geotextiles. The important functions of geotextiles, i.e. filtration, drainage, separation and reinforcement have been identified and have been related to several properties and major applications of geotextiles. Various geotextile properties, namely mechanical, hydraulic and chemical and their test methods have been critically discussed. A process–structure–property relationship for most commonly used geotextiles is also analysed. Furthermore, the design of a geotextile is of paramount importance for any civil engineering application. Thus, the design criteria for various functions of geotextiles have been addressed. Subsequently, the durability characteristics of geotextile have been introduced for analysing the performance over its lifetime.
{"title":"Geotextiles: production, properties and performance","authors":"A. Rawal, T. Shah, S. Anand","doi":"10.1080/00405160903509803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405160903509803","url":null,"abstract":"The monograph critically reviews most commonly used geotextile structures, their properties and performance characteristics. In general, both natural and synthetic fibres are used for the production of geotextiles, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of fibre are discussed for various applications of geotextiles. The important functions of geotextiles, i.e. filtration, drainage, separation and reinforcement have been identified and have been related to several properties and major applications of geotextiles. Various geotextile properties, namely mechanical, hydraulic and chemical and their test methods have been critically discussed. A process–structure–property relationship for most commonly used geotextiles is also analysed. Furthermore, the design of a geotextile is of paramount importance for any civil engineering application. Thus, the design criteria for various functions of geotextiles have been addressed. Subsequently, the durability characteristics of geotextile have been introduced for analysing the performance over its lifetime.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405160903509803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58906883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-13DOI: 10.1080/00405160903465220
A. Schwarz, L. Van Langenhove, Philippe Guermonprez, Denis Deguillemont
Though industrial exploitation of smart textile systems is still in its infancy, the technological implementation is increasing. This is the result of substantial research and development investments directed towards this emerging field. In order to stimulate the progress in smart textiles, emerging developments need to be identified and selectively strengthened. Hence, this issue reports on a three-dimensional roadmap on smart textiles. It aims at contributing to set future actions in research, education and technology development. Research activities and technological developments are mapped, barriers and drivers of technological, strategic and societal and economical origins are identified. Finally, recommendations are phrased on how to overcome barriers and to progress in the field of smart textiles.
{"title":"A roadmap on smart textiles","authors":"A. Schwarz, L. Van Langenhove, Philippe Guermonprez, Denis Deguillemont","doi":"10.1080/00405160903465220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405160903465220","url":null,"abstract":"Though industrial exploitation of smart textile systems is still in its infancy, the technological implementation is increasing. This is the result of substantial research and development investments directed towards this emerging field. In order to stimulate the progress in smart textiles, emerging developments need to be identified and selectively strengthened. Hence, this issue reports on a three-dimensional roadmap on smart textiles. It aims at contributing to set future actions in research, education and technology development. Research activities and technological developments are mapped, barriers and drivers of technological, strategic and societal and economical origins are identified. Finally, recommendations are phrased on how to overcome barriers and to progress in the field of smart textiles.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405160903465220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58906837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-12DOI: 10.1080/00405160903438367
A. Mukhopadhyay
The fundamental concept of design and development of the pulse-jet filter have been discussed in Part I of this monograph series [Textile Progress, Vol. 41, No. 4]. For successful running of the industrial pulse-jet filter, fundamentals of the filtration process and operating principle should be well understood. In view of the above, the monograph is intended to develop in-depth understanding of the mechanism and factors governing the filtration process. Modeling and simulation aspect related to filtration process is also included, which is helpful to judge process performance for effective process monitoring, and also to set the process and design parameters at an optimum level. In view of selection and designing of new filter media, a comprehensive examination of various methods of testing and evaluation of filter media is incorporated.
{"title":"Pulse-jet filtration: An effective way to control industrial pollution Part II: Process characterization and evaluation of filter media","authors":"A. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/00405160903438367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00405160903438367","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental concept of design and development of the pulse-jet filter have been discussed in Part I of this monograph series [Textile Progress, Vol. 41, No. 4]. For successful running of the industrial pulse-jet filter, fundamentals of the filtration process and operating principle should be well understood. In view of the above, the monograph is intended to develop in-depth understanding of the mechanism and factors governing the filtration process. Modeling and simulation aspect related to filtration process is also included, which is helpful to judge process performance for effective process monitoring, and also to set the process and design parameters at an optimum level. In view of selection and designing of new filter media, a comprehensive examination of various methods of testing and evaluation of filter media is incorporated.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00405160903438367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58906819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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