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Weaving of 3D fabrics: A critical appreciation of the developments 三维织物的编织:对发展的重要评价
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2009-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/00405160902804239
N. Gokarneshan, R. Alagirusamy
The paper critically reviews the various developments that have taken place in the area of weaving 3D fabrics. Various methods have been evolved and each is unique in its own way. Each method is suited for specific end use applications. Thus, fabrics could be woven with different structures and profiles to fit specific requirements. The unique features of each method have been highlighted. The major differences between the 2D and 3D methods of weaving have been pointed out. 3D fabrics could be manufactured on the 2D conventional weaving machines with certain modifications. The 3D fabrics are basically intended for use in technical applications. Fabrics could be produced with special profiles and shapes to cater to specific applications. Methods have been evolved for producing 3D fabrics to be used as advanced composite preforms, by weaving on a conventional loom by modifying the shedding and take–up devices. Yet another interesting recent development is the utility of the 3D weaving concept to produce bifurcated vascular prosthesis.
本文批判性地回顾了在编织3D织物领域发生的各种发展。已经发展出了各种各样的方法,每种方法都有自己的独特之处。每种方法都适合于特定的最终用途应用。因此,织物可以编织成不同的结构和轮廓,以适应特定的要求。强调了每种方法的独特之处。指出了二维和三维织造方法的主要区别。在二维传统织机上进行一定的改造,可以制造出三维织物。3D织物主要用于技术应用。织物可以生产特殊的轮廓和形状,以满足特定的应用。在传统的织布机上,通过修改脱落和卷取装置,生产3D织物的方法已经发展成为先进的复合预成型材料。然而,最近另一个有趣的发展是3D编织概念的效用,以生产分叉血管假体。
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引用次数: 41
THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED YARNS BY THE FALSE-TWIST TECHNIQUE 假捻法生产变形纱
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2009-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/00405169108688852
T. K. B.Sc.
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引用次数: 5
Textile-structured electrodes for electrocardiogram 纺织结构的心电图电极
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2008-12-15 DOI: 10.1080/00405160802597479
P. Xu, H. Zhang, Xi Tao
This paper reviews textile-structured electrodes, an interactive textile device, for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG), which will have a profound influence on the health-monitoring practice in the society. A brief description of human cardiac bioelectricity signal using mechanism and acquisition methods by commercial medical electrodes and textile-based electrodes, respectively, is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of these two types of electrodes are discussed. The conduction of ECG signal within the human body, through skin-electrode interface and in electrodes, is also discussed. The ECG signal is picked up usually by commercial medical electrodes, which transform ionic current into electron current from human body to electrode. For ECG recording, there are different types of electrodes available in the market. These electrodes are usually used as disposable types, utilizing hydrogel contact electrolyte and glue, which may cause skin problems in long-term usage. Therefore, textile-structured electrodes are alternative candidates for long-term usage, and wearable due to their intrinsic properties. The designing principles of textile electrodes are presented based on the performance requirements of electrodes. A new evaluation system of textile electrode is presented in the end of the paper.
本文综述了一种可穿戴式心电图设备——织物结构电极,它将对社会健康监测实践产生深远的影响。简要介绍了商用医用电极和纺织品电极对人体心脏生物电信号的作用机理和采集方法。讨论了这两种电极的优缺点。本文还讨论了心电信号在人体内通过皮肤电极界面和电极内的传导。心电信号通常由商用医用电极采集,它将人体到电极的离子电流转化为电子电流。对于心电图记录,市场上有不同类型的电极可供选择。这些电极通常是一次性使用的,使用水凝胶接触电解质和胶水,长期使用可能会导致皮肤问题。因此,织物结构电极是长期使用的备选材料,并且由于其固有特性而可穿戴。根据织物电极的性能要求,提出了织物电极的设计原则。最后提出了一种新的纺织电极评价体系。
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引用次数: 145
Advanced technical textile products 高级技术纺织产品
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2008-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00405160802386063
T. Matsuo
This article is situated to be successive to “Fibre materials for advanced technical textiles” in the series of “Advanced technical textiles” of Textile Progress. In the previous article, fiber materials used for advanced technical textiles are introduced. In this article, advanced technical textiles products are described according to the application fields of the fiber materials. Although this article does not cover all the end-uses, it contains major parts of advanced technical textile products, which include products for resources and environmental issues, for automobiles, for medical uses, for protective uses, for information technologies, for civil engineering and for electronics textiles.
本文是《纺织进步》“先进产业用纺织品”系列文章“先进产业用纺织品用纤维材料”的后继文章。在前一篇文章中,介绍了用于高级产业用纺织品的纤维材料。根据纤维材料的应用领域,介绍了先进的产业用纺织品。虽然本文不包括所有的最终用途,但它包含了先进技术纺织品的主要部分,其中包括用于资源和环境问题的产品,用于汽车,用于医疗用途,用于防护用途,用于信息技术,用于土木工程和电子纺织品。
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引用次数: 17
Fibre materials for advanced technical textiles 高级产业用纺织品用纤维材料
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2008-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/00405160802133028
T. Matsuo
In this article, most kinds of fibre materials used for advanced technical textiles are systematically introduced. The definition of advanced technical textiles and the scope of fibre materials used for advanced technical textiles are given in the introductory chapter, PET, nylon and PP fibres are explained as three major conventional fibres for advanced technical textiles. High mechanical performance fibres such as carbon fibre and aramid fibre, and high heat resistance fibres such as SiC fibre are introduced in chapters 3 and 4, respectively. Several kinds of function fibres such as separation function, optical, electric conductive, adhesive are introduced in chapters 5 to 10. Specialty material fibres such as PVA and PLA, modified fibres for specific function and modified fibres for specific end-use are also introduced in chapters 11 to 13. The final chapter is assigned to introduce nano-fibres which include three kinds of organic nano-fibres manufactured by bottom-up way, by electro-spinning and by top-down way, and also carbon nano-tube and nano-fibre.
本文系统地介绍了用于高级产业用纺织品的各种纤维材料。引言部分给出了先进技术纺织品的定义和用于先进技术纺织品的纤维材料的范围,说明了PET、尼龙和PP纤维是先进技术纺织品的三种主要常规纤维。高机械性能纤维如碳纤维和芳纶纤维,高耐热纤维如碳化硅纤维分别在第三章和第四章介绍。第5 ~ 10章分别介绍了分离功能纤维、光学纤维、导电纤维、粘接纤维等几种功能纤维。特种材料纤维,如PVA和PLA,特定功能的改性纤维和特定最终用途的改性纤维也在第11至13章中介绍。最后一章介绍了纳米纤维,包括自下而上法、电纺丝法和自上而下法制备的三种有机纳米纤维,以及碳纳米管和纳米纤维。
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引用次数: 25
Microfibres 微纤维
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2008-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/00405160801942585
S. Mukhopadhyay, G. Ramakrishnan
Microfibres denote synthetic fibres that are finer than any fibre in nature. Microfibres are usually made of polyester, polyamide, acrylic, modal, lyocell and viscose in the range of 0.5–1.2 dtex. The progress starts with direct spinning and post-spinning developments for manufacturing microfibres. Researches on conjugate spinning techniques are reported along with the development in bicomponent spinning. Interesting developments in manufacturing techniques like the change of cross section without altering the spinneret, radial quenching system, etc., have been discussed. Recent developments like electrospinning have also been taken up. The mechanical processing section commences with the properties of microfibres affecting the downstream process and then discusses the processing of microfibres in blow room, carding, draw frame, speed frame and ring frame. Alternative spinning technologies like open-end, air-jet and compact spinning are dealt with. In the fabric forming systems, weaving and knitting with microfibres are discussed in depth highlighting research on such fabrics. High-speed weaving of microfibres is discussed with reference to three major technologies of projectile, rapier and air-jet weaving. The reactions of microfibres to different hydrolysis environments like alkaline, acidic and enzymatic are taken up. Dyeing of microfibres and the specific problems in dyeing of microfibres are discussed. The study of fibre structure by critical dissolution time is addressed. Different uses of microfibres in terms of industrial, medical, apparel and miscellaneous applications are presented. The economics of production along with the limitations and precautions of the fibre are subsequently discussed followed by suggestions for future work.
微纤维是指比自然界任何纤维都细的合成纤维。微纤维通常由聚酯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、莫代尔、莱赛尔和粘胶制成,范围为0.5-1.2 dtex。这一进展始于制造微纤维的直接纺丝和后纺丝技术的发展。随着双组分纺丝技术的发展,介绍了共轭纺丝技术的研究进展。在制造技术的有趣发展,如改变截面而不改变喷丝板,径向淬火系统等,已经讨论。最近的发展,如静电纺丝也被采用。机械加工部分从超细纤维的性能对下游工艺的影响入手,讨论了超细纤维在吹风机、梳理机、并条机、速度机和环框机的加工。讨论了开放式纺纱、喷气纺纱和紧凑纺纱等纺纱技术。在织物成型系统中,重点讨论了微纤维的织造和针织技术。结合弹丸、剑杆和喷气三种主要织造技术,对微纤维的高速织造进行了探讨。研究了微纤维在不同水解环境下的反应,如碱性、酸性和酶解。讨论了超细纤维的染色及染色中的具体问题。用临界溶解时间研究纤维的结构。介绍了微纤维在工业、医疗、服装和杂项应用方面的不同用途。随后讨论了生产的经济性以及纤维的局限性和注意事项,并对今后的工作提出了建议。
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引用次数: 13
Ramie fibre: part II. Physical fibre properties. A critical appreciation of recent developments 苎麻纤维:第2部分纤维的物理特性。对最近事态发展的批判性评价
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2007-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/00405160701706049
S. Pandey
This monograph critically reviews recent research work and developments in physical and related properties of ramie, a long vegetable bast fibre. The properties of the fibre at different stages of plant growth including topography, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, moisture regain, density, strength, tenacity, fineness and mechanical properties as well as thermal, infrared, FTIR and X-ray properties are discussed.
本专著批判性地回顾了最近的研究工作和发展的物理和相关性质的苎麻,一个长植物韧皮纤维。讨论了纤维在植物生长不同阶段的性能,包括地形、光学显微镜、电子显微镜、回潮率、密度、强度、韧性、细度和机械性能以及热、红外、FTIR和x射线性能。
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引用次数: 22
Plasma technology in wool 羊毛等离子体技术
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2007-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/00405160701628839
C. Kan, C. Yuen
The textile industry processes a large quantity of fibres obtained from various animals of which wool is commercially the most important. However, it has some technical problems which affect the quality and performance of the finished products such as felting shrinkage, handle, lustre, pilling and dyeability. These problems may be attributed mainly to the presence of wool scales on the fibre surface. The scales are relatively hard and have sharp edges which are responsible for causing fibre directional movement and shrinkage during felting. Furthermore, the scales also serve as a barrier for diffusion processes which will adversely affect the sorption behaviour. In recent years, there has been an increase in the modification of wool surface scales by physical means such as mechanical, thermal and ultrasonic treatments, and chemical methods such as oxidation, reduction, enzyme and ozone treatments which can solve the felting and sorption problems to a certain extent. Hitherto, chemical treatments are still the most commonly used descaling methods in the industry. Owing to the effect of pollution caused by various chemical treatments, physical treatments such as plasma treatment have been introduced recently as they are capable of achieving a similar descaling effect. Since the 1960s, scientists have successfully exploited plasma techniques in materials science. The plasma technologies have been fully utilised to improve the surface properties of fibres in many applications. The fibres that can be modified by plasmas include almost all kinds of fibre such as textile fibres, metallic fibres, glass fibres, carbon fibres, fabrics and other organic fibres. Plasma-treated wool has different physical and chemical properties when compared with the untreated one. The changes in fibre properties alter the performance of the existing textile processes such as spinning, dyeing and finishing to produce a series of versatile wool products with superior quality. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to give a critical appreciation of the latest developments of plasma treatment of wool. In this monograph, different surface treatments of wool including plasma treatment will be precisely described. Since plasma treatment can be used to alter material surfaces by removing outer layers, thus the method of generation of plasma and the reaction mechanisms between material surface and plasma species will be highlighted in this monograph. Similar to other chemical reactions, the factors such as (i) the nature of gas used, (ii) gas flow rate, (iii) system pressure and (iv) discharge power affecting the final results of plasma treatments will be described. The main content of this monograph includes the application of plasma treatment on wool under different industrial conditions such as dyeing and shrinkproofing processing which will be reported and discussed respectively. In addition, the common analytical methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectr
纺织工业加工从各种动物身上获得的大量纤维,其中羊毛在商业上是最重要的。但是,它存在一些影响成品质量和性能的技术问题,如毡缩、手感、光泽、起球和可染性。这些问题可能主要是由于纤维表面存在毛鳞。鳞片相对坚硬,边缘锋利,在毡制过程中导致纤维定向运动和收缩。此外,鳞片还可以作为扩散过程的屏障,这将对吸附行为产生不利影响。近年来,机械、热、超声等物理方法和氧化、还原、酶、臭氧等化学方法对羊毛表面水垢的改性有所增加,在一定程度上解决了羊毛表面水垢的触感和吸附问题。迄今为止,化学处理仍然是工业中最常用的除垢方法。由于各种化学处理造成的污染的影响,最近引入了物理处理,如等离子体处理,因为它们能够达到类似的除垢效果。自20世纪60年代以来,科学家们已经成功地将等离子体技术应用于材料科学。等离子体技术在改善纤维表面性能方面得到了广泛的应用。可以被等离子体修饰的纤维几乎包括各种纤维,如纺织纤维、金属纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、织物和其他有机纤维。等离子体处理羊毛与未处理羊毛相比,具有不同的物理和化学性能。纤维性能的变化改变了现有纺织工艺的性能,如纺纱、染色和整理,从而生产出一系列质量优越的多功能羊毛产品。因此,本专著的目的是对羊毛等离子体处理的最新发展给予批判性的评价。在这本专著中,羊毛的不同表面处理,包括等离子体处理将被精确地描述。由于等离子体处理可以通过去除外层来改变材料表面,因此本专著将重点介绍等离子体的产生方法以及材料表面与等离子体之间的反应机理。与其他化学反应类似,将描述影响等离子体处理最终结果的因素,如(i)所用气体的性质,(ii)气体流速,(iii)系统压力和(iv)放电功率。本专著的主要内容包括等离子体处理在羊毛染色和防缩等不同工业条件下的应用,并将分别进行报道和讨论。此外,还讨论了常用的分析方法,如扫描电子显微镜,x射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱与衰减全内反射模式分析,用于表征等离子体处理羊毛的表面特性。在表面表征结果的基础上,进一步探讨等离子体处理对羊毛染色、防缩等加工的影响机理。在专著的后半部分,讨论了等离子处理羊毛织物的适用性,并根据标准性能规范(如ASTM)评估了将等离子处理羊毛织物应用于工业用途的可能性。参考川端康成织物评价系统(KES-F)的结果,讨论了织物在裁剪性和缝性方面的性能。由于等离子体工艺是一种“干”工艺,即等离子体系统中使用的水可以循环利用,因此它可以解决工业废水问题,从而为羊毛织物的改性提供了有效的手段。
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引用次数: 67
Nanotechnology in fibrous materials–a new perspective 纳米技术在纤维材料中的应用——一个新的视角
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2007-12-12 DOI: 10.1080/00405160701407176
A. Patanaik, R. Anandjiwala, R. S. Rengasamy, Anindya Ghosh, Harinder Pal
This issue reviews various areas where nanotechnology has come up predominately in fibrous materials, namely in electrospun polymeric nanofibers and polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. It includes synthesis, characterization, various methods of collecting nanofibers, factors affecting electrospinning, methods of increasing the productivity of the electrospinning process, and different electrospinning designs. It also covers synthesis and characterization of polymer nanocomposites. Various properties of nanocomposites are discussed. The rheological behavior and morphology of nanocomposites are covered. Different modeling and simulation methods applicable to electrospun nanofibers and polymer layered silicate nanocomposites are discussed. Some of the potential application areas of electrospun nanofibers, polymer layered silicate nanocomposites, and various products available in the market based on nanotechnology are also discussed. Some of the lacking areas and future prospects in nanofibrous structures (nanofibers and nanocomposites) are emphasized in this issue.
这期综述了纳米技术在纤维材料中主要出现的各个领域,即静电纺聚合物纳米纤维和聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料。它包括合成、表征、各种收集纳米纤维的方法、影响静电纺丝的因素、提高静电纺丝工艺生产率的方法以及不同的静电纺丝设计。它还涵盖了聚合物纳米复合材料的合成和表征。讨论了纳米复合材料的各种性能。研究了纳米复合材料的流变行为和形貌。讨论了适用于静电纺纳米纤维和聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的不同建模和仿真方法。讨论了电纺纳米纤维、聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料以及市场上各种基于纳米技术的产品的一些潜在应用领域。本文重点介绍了纳米纤维结构(纳米纤维和纳米复合材料)研究的不足之处和未来的发展前景。
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引用次数: 19
Ramie fibre: part I. Chemical composition and chemical properties. A critical review of recent developments 苎麻纤维。第1部分:化学成分和化学性能对最近事态发展的批评性评论
IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES Pub Date : 2007-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/00405160701580055
S. N. Pandey
The monograph deals with a critical review of the recent research work and development on ramie, a long vegetable bast fibre. The review is divided into two parts. Part I discusses the progress of recent work on ramie, chemical components like fibre degumming, its effects on fibre composition, chemical constituents, i.e. hemicellulose, cellulose, non-cellulosic and mineral matters. Besides various chemical properties of native and modified fibres such as accessibility, infrared, cellulose I–V, DP, grafting, cross linking and resin finishing and dyeing etc. are dealt with.
该专著涉及一个重要的审查,最近的研究工作和发展的苎麻,一个长植物韧皮纤维。回顾分为两个部分。第一部分讨论了苎麻的最新工作进展,纤维脱胶等化学成分,其对纤维组成的影响,化学成分,即半纤维素,纤维素,非纤维素和矿物物质。此外,还讨论了天然纤维和改性纤维的各种化学性质,如可及性、红外、纤维素I-V、DP、接枝、交联、树脂整理和染色等。
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引用次数: 44
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TEXTILE PROGRESS
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